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Deutsches Arzteblatt International Oct 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33357339
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0689a -
Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing
Topics: Humans; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 36450064
DOI: 10.1097/PSN.0000000000000402 -
The Laryngoscope Dec 2022Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) after 6 months caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported with a variable prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to...
OBJECTIVES
Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) after 6 months caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported with a variable prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of long-term OD and identify predisposing factors.
METHODS
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 adults with COVID-19. Olfactory function was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and a symptom survey at the onset of disease and 30 days later. Patients with persistent quantitative OD at the second assessment were reevaluated after 1 year. Demographic variables, symptoms, and the degree of smell loss were analyzed.
RESULTS
Participants included 100 patients. The mean age was 42.2 ± 15.6 years, 55 (55%) were female, and 56 (56%) were outpatients. Baseline smell loss was identified in 75/100 (75%) patients, decreasing to 39/95 (40%) after 1 month, and persisting in 29 patients after 1 year. Phantosmia at baseline was the only risk factor identified for persistent OD after 1 year (relative risk 2.51; 95% confidence interval 1.53-4.12; p < 0.001). Regardless of the outcome in smell function, a significant decline in olfaction was associated with the presence of phantosmia at 1 month (β = -12.39; 95% CI -19.82 to -4.95; p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
SARS-CoV-2 (2019-2020 variants) produced a highly frequent OD that persisted in 29% of the patients after 1 year. The presence of phantosmia at baseline and 1 month was associated with a worse evolution, but phantosmia may interfere with the performance in an identification smell test. A longer follow-up is required in these patients.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2 Laryngoscope, 132:2445-2452, 2022.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Male; COVID-19; Smell; SARS-CoV-2; Anosmia; Prospective Studies; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 36149773
DOI: 10.1002/lary.30391 -
Revue Medicale Suisse Oct 2022Olfactory disorders became known by large parts of the population since the Covid-19 pandemic. The causes of olfactory dysfunctions are manifold. Similar to other...
Olfactory disorders became known by large parts of the population since the Covid-19 pandemic. The causes of olfactory dysfunctions are manifold. Similar to other sensory impairments the disruption can be qualitative or quantitative. Quantitative olfactory disorders such as anosmia or hyposmia are well explored, whereas the knowledge on qualitative disorders such as parosmia or phantosmia is still limited. This article gives an update on the current clinical knowledge and workup of parosmia and phantosmia.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; Pandemics; Smell
PubMed: 36200960
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2022.18.798.1837 -
ORL; Journal For Oto-rhino-laryngology... 2023Definitions are essential for effective communication and discourse, particularly in science. They allow the shared understanding of a thought or idea, generalization of... (Review)
Review
Olfactory Nomenclature: An Orchestrated Effort to Clarify Terms and Definitions of Dysosmia, Anosmia, Hyposmia, Normosmia, Hyperosmia, Olfactory Intolerance, Parosmia, and Phantosmia/Olfactory Hallucination.
BACKGROUND
Definitions are essential for effective communication and discourse, particularly in science. They allow the shared understanding of a thought or idea, generalization of knowledge, and comparison across scientific investigation. The current terms describing olfactory dysfunction are vague and overlapping.
SUMMARY
As a group of clinical olfactory researchers, we propose the standardization of the terms "dysosmia," "anosmia," "hyposmia," "normosmia," "hyperosmia," "olfactory intolerance," "parosmia," and "phantosmia" (or "olfactory hallucination") in olfaction-related communication, with specific definitions in this text.
KEY MESSAGES
The words included in this paper were determined as those which are most frequently used in the context of olfactory function and dysfunction, in both clinical and research settings. Despite widespread use in publications, however, there still exists some disagreement in the literature regarding the definitions of terms related to olfaction. Multiple overlapping and imprecise terms that are currently in use are confusing and hinder clarity and universal understanding of these concepts. There is a pressing need to have a unified agreement on the definitions of these olfactory terms by researchers working in the field of chemosensory sciences. With the increased interest in olfaction, precise use of these terms will improve the ability to integrate and advance knowledge in this field.
Topics: Humans; Smell; Anosmia; Olfaction Disorders; Hallucinations
PubMed: 37062268
DOI: 10.1159/000530211 -
Prague Medical Report 2022Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed as a pandemic and has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Multiple studies have implicated anosmia and ageusia as...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed as a pandemic and has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Multiple studies have implicated anosmia and ageusia as symptoms associated with COVID-19. In this case report we present the cases who suffer from phantosmia after COVID-19 infection. As the prevalence of the virus increases, the symptomatology profile continues to be updated. More studies are needed to better understand this disease.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Olfaction Disorders
PubMed: 36107447
DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2022.17 -
Chemical Senses Jan 2021Among those many individuals who experience a reduced odor sensitivity (hyposmia/anosmia), some individuals also have disorders that lead to odor distortion, such as...
Among those many individuals who experience a reduced odor sensitivity (hyposmia/anosmia), some individuals also have disorders that lead to odor distortion, such as parosmia (i.e. distorted odor with a known source), or odor phantoms (i.e. odor sensation without an odor source). We surveyed a large population with at least one olfactory disorder (N = 2031) and found that odor distortions were common (46%), with respondents reporting either parosmia (19%), phantosmia (11%), or both (16%). In comparison to respondents with hyposmia or anosmia, respondents with parosmia were more likely to be female, young, and suffering from post-viral olfactory loss (P < 0.001), while respondents with phantosmia were more likely to be middle-aged (P < 0.01) and experiencing symptoms caused by head trauma (P < 0.01). In addition, parosmia, compared to phantosmia or anosmia/hyposmia, was most prevalent 3 months to a year after olfactory symptom onset (P < 0.001), which coincides with the timeline of physiological recovery. Finally, we observed that the frequency and duration of distortions negatively affects the quality of life, with parosmia showing a higher range of severity than phantosmia (P < 0.001). Previous research often grouped these distortions together, but our results show that they have distinct patterns of demographics, medical history, and loss in quality of life.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odorants; Olfaction Disorders; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Smell
PubMed: 34698820
DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab046 -
International Forum of Allergy &... Jul 2018Interest in the pathophysiology and management of phantom smells has increased rapidly over the last decade. A PubMed search for the term "phantosmia" demonstrated a...
BACKGROUND
Interest in the pathophysiology and management of phantom smells has increased rapidly over the last decade. A PubMed search for the term "phantosmia" demonstrated a near-doubling of articles published on phantosmia within the past 7 years. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the management of phantosmia.
METHODS
The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published since January 1990, using terms combined with pertinent Boolean search operators. We included articles evaluating management of phantosmia written in the English language, with original data and a minimum of 6 months of follow-up, on at least 2 patients and with well-defined and measurable outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 2151 unique titles were returned upon the initial search. Of these, 146 abstracts were examined, yielding 7 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. All articles were predominantly level 4 evidence. One prospective level 3 study was included. The studies included a total of 96 patients, with follow-up ranging from 6 months to 11 years. Endpoints were primarily based on subjective patient responses. Management options included observation and medical and surgical therapy. Olfactory mucosa excision was the only surgical intervention studied, with short-term symptomatic improvement in 10 of 11 patients. Forty-one patients were treated medically, which included antipsychotic, antimigraine, and antiseizure medications, transcranial stimulation, and topical cocaine application.
CONCLUSION
Despite increasing interest in the treatment of phantosmia and reports of successful therapies, there remains a paucity of data and lack of consensus regarding optimal management of this difficult condition.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Cocaine; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; Olfactory Mucosa; Phantom Limb; Smell; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 29485754
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22108 -
Journal of Child Neurology Jun 2013Phantosmia is an infrequently reported and poorly understood qualitative olfactory disorder characterized by the perception of a frequently unpleasant odor in the...
Phantosmia is an infrequently reported and poorly understood qualitative olfactory disorder characterized by the perception of a frequently unpleasant odor in the absence of an odorant stimulus. Peripheral phantosmia is hypothesized to involve abnormally active olfactory receptor neurons while central phantosmia is theorized to be the result of hyperactive neurons in the cortex. The authors present a case report that describes 2 patients with incomparable tumors and radiation fields who both experienced phantosmia featuring a halitosis-like odor during their courses of radiation therapy. Both the 6-year-old with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and the 15-year-old with World Health Organization grade II-III astrocytoma in the bifrontal lobes experienced significant distress and decreased quality of life during treatment because of the phantosmia, which resolved after completion of radiation therapy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these are the first descriptions of phantosmia during focal or whole-brain radiation therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Brain Stem Neoplasms; Child; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Epilepsies, Partial; Frontal Lobe; Glioma; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Olfaction Disorders; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Remission, Spontaneous
PubMed: 22805250
DOI: 10.1177/0883073812450616 -
ORL; Journal For Oto-rhino-laryngology... 2010Little is known about the clinical significance of phantosmia. The literature on phantosmia indicates that this symptom has a wide range of differential diagnoses....
BACKGROUND/AIM
Little is known about the clinical significance of phantosmia. The literature on phantosmia indicates that this symptom has a wide range of differential diagnoses. However, most cases of phantosmia remain of unknown origin. Our goal was to follow up patients with idiopathic phantosmia, with special regard to improvement rates and possible severe health conditions preceded by phantosmia of unknown origin.
METHODS
Forty-four patients with idiopathic phantosmia which had consulted our Ear-Nose-Throat Smell and Taste Clinic over the last 10 years were contacted by telephone and underwent a structured medical interview.
RESULTS
None of the patients had developed any severe health condition or Parkinson's disease. More than 5 years after the occurrence of phantosmia, more than 50% of the patients experienced disappearance (31.8%) or improvement (25%). In the remaining cases, phantosmia did not change (38.7%) or became worse (<5%).
CONCLUSION
The main findings of the present study were that idiopathic phantosmia improves or disappears in almost two thirds of the patients after more than 5 years, and that idiopathic phantosmia seems to be more likely a harmless symptom rather than a reliable predictor of early Parkinson's disease or other severe diseases.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Olfaction Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Predictive Value of Tests; Remission, Spontaneous; Smell
PubMed: 20714205
DOI: 10.1159/000317024