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American Journal of Otolaryngology 2023
Topics: Humans; Pharynx; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux; Autonomic Pathways; Mucous Membrane
PubMed: 36368234
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103687 -
Nature Communications Aug 2017Zika virus is present in urine, saliva, tears, and breast milk, but the transmission risk associated with these body fluids is currently unknown. Here we evaluate the...
Zika virus is present in urine, saliva, tears, and breast milk, but the transmission risk associated with these body fluids is currently unknown. Here we evaluate the risk of Zika virus transmission through mucosal contact in rhesus macaques. Application of high-dose Zika virus directly to the tonsils of three rhesus macaques results in detectable plasma viremia in all animals by 2 days post-exposure; virus replication kinetics are similar to those observed in animals infected subcutaneously. Three additional macaques inoculated subcutaneously with Zika virus served as saliva donors to assess the transmission risk from contact with oral secretions from an infected individual. Seven naive animals repeatedly exposed to donor saliva via the conjunctivae, tonsils, or nostrils did not become infected. Our results suggest that there is a risk of Zika virus transmission via the mucosal route, but that the risk posed by oral secretions from individuals with a typical course of Zika virus infection is low.Zika virus (ZIKV) is present in body fluids, including saliva, but transmission risk through mucosal contact is not well known. Here, the authors show that oropharyngeal mucosal infection of macaques with a high ZIKV dose results in viremia, but that transmission risk from saliva of infected animals is low.
Topics: Animals; Macaca mulatta; Mucous Membrane; Oropharynx; Saliva; Viremia; Virus Replication; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 28765581
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00246-8 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... 2017
Topics: Biomarkers; Child; Eosinophil Peroxidase; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Pharynx
PubMed: 29122165
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.043 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Mar 1999We have compared calculated with measured pharyngeal mucosal pressures at four different locations on the surface of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during cuff... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We have compared calculated with measured pharyngeal mucosal pressures at four different locations on the surface of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during cuff inflation in 10 anaesthetized, paralysed adult patients. Microchip sensors were attached to a size 5 LMA at the following locations: the anterior and lateral side, tip and backplate. Pressures were recorded during inflation of the cuff from 0 to 40 ml in 5-ml increments. Calculated pressures were determined by subtracting in vivo from in vitro intracuff pressures. Calculated pressures were greater than measured pressures at cuff volumes of 5 ml or greater at all locations (P < or = 0.003). The greatest mean calculated the measured pressures were 118 and 14 cm H2O, respectively. We conclude that measured mucosal pressures at the four locations tested were less than calculated pressures and less than capillary perfusion pressure.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Fiber Optic Technology; Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Male; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane; Pharynx; Pressure
PubMed: 10434824
DOI: 10.1093/bja/82.3.399 -
Acta Oto-laryngologica 1987The tonsils are mucosa-associated lymphoid organs. Several details regarding their normal function and pathological alteration are still unknown. In this review the... (Review)
Review
The tonsils are mucosa-associated lymphoid organs. Several details regarding their normal function and pathological alteration are still unknown. In this review the relationship of the tonsils to similar lymphoid organs is discussed, the possibilities of antigen uptake (M cells and micropores of the crypt epithelium) are demonstrated, and alterations of the crypt epithelium due to recurrent tonsillitis are described. Further studies are required for the better understanding of tonsillar diseases.
Topics: Epithelium; Humans; IgA Deficiency; Mucous Membrane; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 3303820
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia =... Sep 2001During general anesthesia, nitrous oxide (N2O) diffuses rapidly into the air-filled laryngeal mask airway (LMA) cuff, increasing intracuff pressure. There is no clear...
PURPOSE
During general anesthesia, nitrous oxide (N2O) diffuses rapidly into the air-filled laryngeal mask airway (LMA) cuff, increasing intracuff pressure. There is no clear correlation between LMA intracuff pressure and pressure on the pharynx. We have studied the effects of high LMA intracuff pressures secondary to N2O on the pharyngeal mucosa of dogs.
METHODS
Sixteen mongrel dogs were randomly allocated to two groups: G1 (intracuff volume, 30 mL; n=8) breathed a mixture of O2 (l L x min(-1)) and air (l L x min(-1)) and G2 (intracuff volume, 30 mL; n=8) a mixture of O2 (l L x min(-1)) and N2O (l L x min(-1)). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with pentobarbitone. LMA cuff pressure was measured at zero (control), 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after #4 LMA insertion. The dogs were sacrificed, and biopsy specimens from seven predetermined areas of the pharynx in contact with the LMA cuff were collected for light (LM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination by a blinded observer.
RESULTS
LMA intracuff pressure decreased with time in G1 (P <0.001) and increased in G2 (P <0.001). There was a significant difference between the groups (P <0.001). In both groups, the LM study showed a normal epithelium covering the pharyngeal mucosa and mild congestion in the subepithelial layer. There were no differences between the groups (P >0.10) or among the areas sampled (P >0.05). In both groups, the SEM study showed a normal pharyngeal mucosa with mild superficial desquamation. Few specimens in G1 and G2 showed more intense epithelial desquamation.
CONCLUSION
High LMA intracuff pressures produced by N2O do not increase pharyngeal mucosal injury in dogs.
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Dogs; Female; Laryngeal Masks; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mucous Membrane; Nitrous Oxide; Pharynx; Pressure
PubMed: 11546723
DOI: 10.1007/BF03016698 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2012
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Nevus, Blue; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 22565445
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.95467 -
Annals of Clinical Research Feb 1977Twenty-eight patients suffering from Urbach-Wiethe disease (UWD) and originating in northern Sweden are presented. The disease is characterized by amorphous deposits in...
Twenty-eight patients suffering from Urbach-Wiethe disease (UWD) and originating in northern Sweden are presented. The disease is characterized by amorphous deposits in the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx and larynx. Hoarseness since early childhood is the most common and striking symptom. Most of the patients also had severe changes in the true vocal cords. Characteristic deposits are also seen in the lower lip, tongue, palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall. These changes could be defined as pathognomonic of UWD. To confirm the diagnosis of UWD, biopsies should be taken from the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth. Biopsies from the vocal cords are not necessary and should be avoided.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Larynx; Lip; Lipidoses; Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mucous Membrane; Pharynx; Tongue; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 883751
DOI: No ID Found -
Trends in Microbiology Mar 1995Virus infections of the respiratory tract predispose it to bacterial superinfections. Epidemiological studies, clinical evidence of viral-bacterial co-infection and... (Review)
Review
Virus infections of the respiratory tract predispose it to bacterial superinfections. Epidemiological studies, clinical evidence of viral-bacterial co-infection and animal models of such interactions suggest a time course of events and several mechanisms by which viral potentiation may occur. It appears that structural and functional disruption of the respiratory mucosal epithelium is a major contributor to the synergistic effects of superinfection.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Disease Models, Animal; Eustachian Tube; Finland; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Nasopharynx; Otitis Media; Respiratory Tract Infections; Superinfection; Tympanic Membrane
PubMed: 7773588
DOI: 10.1016/s0966-842x(00)88892-7 -
Vestnik Otorinolaringologii 2023Basis of acute pharyngitis pathogenesis is an inflammatory process at the entrance gate of the infection. Therefore, local immunity study proves to be the most...
UNLABELLED
Basis of acute pharyngitis pathogenesis is an inflammatory process at the entrance gate of the infection. Therefore, local immunity study proves to be the most informative. Difficulty in making that type of assessment is lack of generally accepted reference values and biological sampling techniques.
OBJECTIVE
Validation of biological sampling techniques to study the parameters of local mucosal immunity in oropharynx acute inflammatory diseases.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
30 people with acute catarrhal pharyngitis with intoxication syndrome were examined. The sampling was carried out in 7 different ways. 1. Collect saliva samples using the passive drool collection method. 2. Collect saliva, using cotton swabs placed into the mouth for 3 minutes. 3. Cotton swabs wrapped around a metal probe was placed on palatine tonsils and lateral walls of the oropharynx. 4. Instead of a cotton swab, a disc of laboratory filter paper with a diameter of 0.7 cm was used. 5. Scrape by the mucous membrane of the palatine tonsils and lateral walls of the oropharynx were made with a cytobrush. 6. Using a cytobrush, scrapings were made from the mucous membrane of only the posterior pharyngeal wall, excluding the region of the palatine tonsils. 7. Using a cytobrush to make scrapings from the only palatine tonsils mucous membrane. RT-PCR was used to determine IL-1β mRNA.
RESULTS
Minimal IL-1β mRNA values were detected in saliva collected by passive flow (0.095 [0; 3.45] units) and on a cotton swab (0.21 [0.1; 3.82] units). IL-1β mRNA in the material collected by methods No. 3 and No. 4 on a cotton swab and a paper disk did not differ significantly from each other. Its level was higher than in saliva and lower than in scrapings. The maximum result was revealed with method No. 5 when simultaneously taking scrapings from the palatine tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall mucous membrane (4.76 [0.92; 8.13] units). The expression of IL-1β mRNA in the material obtained by methods No. 6 and No. 7 did not differ significantly from each other.
CONCLUSION
Separated scrapings collecting from the palatine tonsils or posterior pharyngeal wall mucous membrane will allow assessing the inflammatory response autonomously in the lymphoid tissue and separately on the mucosa of the posterior pharyngeal wall. The mucosal scraping technique was the most effective for assessing cytokines in the oropharyngeal mucosal membrane.
Topics: Humans; Oropharynx; Palatine Tonsil; Pharyngitis; Mucous Membrane; Reference Standards; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 38153889
DOI: 10.17116/otorino20238806122