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Annals of Diagnostic Pathology Dec 2022Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a recently recognized type of salivary gland tumor characterized by t(12;15) (p13;q25) translocation resulting in an ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion....
Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a recently recognized type of salivary gland tumor characterized by t(12;15) (p13;q25) translocation resulting in an ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Most SCs are located in a main salivary gland, and primary sinonasal secretary carcinoma is rare. We describe three cases of primary SC in the sinonasal cavity with high-grade transformation (HGT) in one case, and the first case in the pharynx. All tumors comprised slightly atypical cells with solid, tubular, microcystic growth patterns. The case with HGT included two components with distinct sharp boundaries and comedo necrosis, high mitotic figures and obvious cellular atypia. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin, S100, and Gata-3 and negative for p63 and DOG-1. Three cases showed nuclear staining of pan-TRK and one showed cytoplasmic staining. All cases harbored ETV6 gene rearrangement, and ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion was detected in three cases. Most patients were treated with radical resection and adjuvant therapy. After excision, all remained tumor-free for 65-164 months (medium 98.5 months). SC in the sinonasal cavity and pharynx is a low-grade malignant tumor with histologic features overlapping those of other salivary gland tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization are useful techniques for its differential diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Retrospective Studies; Immunohistochemistry; Pharynx; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Carcinoma; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma
PubMed: 36270241
DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152052 -
Radiation Oncology (London, England) Jan 2022To define the clinical characteristics of irradiation-induced nasopharyngeal necrosis (INN) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and identify the influence of...
Irradiation-induced nasopharyngeal necrosis (INN) in newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy: clinical characteristics and the influence of treatment strategies.
PURPOSE
To define the clinical characteristics of irradiation-induced nasopharyngeal necrosis (INN) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and identify the influence of treatment strategies on INN in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From 2008 to 2019, NPC patients pathologically diagnosed with INN after primary IMRT were reviewed. Those patients were matched with propensity scores for patients without INN in our center. The impact of treatment strategies on INN occurrence was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The incidence rate of INN was 1.9% among the primary NPC population, and 53 patients with INN were enrolled. Headache and foul odor were the main symptoms, and 71.7% of cases had pseudomembrane during or at the end of radiotherapy. All patients were in early or middle stage INN, and no one presented with skull-based osteoradionecrosis. Then 212 non-INN patients were included based on propensity scores match. Overall survival (p = 0.248) and progression-free survival (p = 0.266) curves were similar between the INN and non-INN groups. Treatment strategies including combining chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapy with radiotherapy were not associated with INN occurrence, while boost dose (OR 7.360; 95% CI 2.301-23.547; p = 0.001) was a predictor factor for it. However, the optimal threshold for an accumulated dose to predict INN's occurrence was failed to determine.
CONCLUSION
In the IMRT era, the severity of INN in primary NPC patients is lessened. This study showed that treatment strategies contributed little to develop INN, while the accumulated dose of radiation may relate to its occurrence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Necrosis; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 35062991
DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-01980-0 -
Cell and Tissue Research Aug 2010In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry analyses have shown that the Ciona intestinalis tumour necrosis factor alpha gene (CiTNFalpha), which has been previously...
In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry analyses have shown that the Ciona intestinalis tumour necrosis factor alpha gene (CiTNFalpha), which has been previously cloned and sequenced, is expressed either during the inflammatory pharynx response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or during the swimming larval phase of development. Granulocytes with large granules and compartment/morula cells are CiTNFalpha-producing cells in both inflamed pharynx and larvae. Pharynx vessel endothelium also takes part in the inflammatory response. Haemocyte nodules in the vessel lumen or associated with the endothelium suggest the involvement of CiTNFalpha in recruiting lymphocyte-like cells and promoting the differentiation of inflammatory haemocytes. Specific antibodies against a CiTNFalpha peptide have identified a 43-kDa cell-bound form of the protein. Observations of pharynx histological sections (at 4 and 8 h post-LPS inoculation) from naive and medium-inoculated ascidians have confirmed the CiTNFalpha-positive tissue response. Larval histological sections and whole-mount preparations have revealed that CiTNFalpha is expressed by trunk mesenchyme, preoral lobe and tunic cells, indicating CiTNFalpha-expressing cell immigration events and an ontogenetic role.
Topics: Animals; Ciona intestinalis; Granulocytes; Hemocytes; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Larva; Lipopolysaccharides; Metamorphosis, Biological; Pharyngitis; Pharynx; Phylogeny; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 20563600
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-0993-5 -
Developmental and Comparative Immunology Feb 2017Although the Tumor necrosis factor gene superfamily seems to be very conserved in vertebrates, phylogeny, tissue expression, genomic and gene organization, protein...
Although the Tumor necrosis factor gene superfamily seems to be very conserved in vertebrates, phylogeny, tissue expression, genomic and gene organization, protein domains and polymorphism analyses showed that a strong change has happened mostly in invertebrates in which protochordates were a constraint during the immune-molecules history and evolution. RT PCR was used to investigate differential gene expression in different tissues. The expression shown was greater in the pharynx. Single-nucleotide polymorphism has been investigated in Ciona intestinalis Tumor necrosis factor alpha (CiTNFα) mRNA isolated from the pharynx of 30 ascidians collected from Licata, Sicily (Italy), by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). For this analysis, CiTNFα nucleotide sequence was separated into two fragments, TNF-1 and -2, respectively, of 630 and 540 bp. We defined 23 individual DGGE patterns (named 1 to 10 for TNF-1 and 1 to 13 for TNF-2). Five patterns for TNF-1 accounted for <10% of the individuals, whereas the pattern 13 of TNF-2 accounted for >20% of the individuals. All the patterns were verified by direct sequencing. Single base-pair mutations were observed mainly within COOH-terminus, leading to 30 nucleotide sequence variants and 30 different coding sequences segregating in two main different clusters. Although most of the base mutations were silent, four propeptide variants were detected and six amino acid replacements occurred within COOH-terminus. Statistical tests for neutrality indicated negative selection pressure on signal and mature peptide domains, but possible positive selection pressure on COOH-terminus domain. Lastly we displayed the in silico 3D structure analysis including the CiTNFα variable region.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Cells, Cultured; Ciona intestinalis; Cloning, Molecular; Computer Simulation; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome; Pharynx; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; RNA, Messenger; Selection, Genetic; Sequence Alignment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 27829139
DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.005 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Aug 2018
Topics: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Necrosis; Oropharynx; Radiation Injuries
PubMed: 28993904
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3899-x -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Splenic Infarction; Palatine Tonsil
PubMed: 37527871
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.22079 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal 2019
Review
Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Intranasal; Cicatrix; Debridement; Dysphonia; Female; Humans; Larynx; Middle Aged; Nasal Cartilages; Nasopharynx; Necrosis; Substance-Related Disorders; Trachea; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 30939912
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319836807 -
Neurology India 2019
Topics: Brain; Cerebellum; Humans; Infarction; Male; Middle Aged; Palatine Tonsil
PubMed: 30860155
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.253573 -
Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal de La... Apr 2020Postradiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a notorious complication after radiotherapy that affects prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). It is...
OBJECTIVE
Postradiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a notorious complication after radiotherapy that affects prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). It is important for clinical doctors to realize this problem in order to cope with this severe clinical situation. The aim of our study was to assess the bacteriology of PRNN and to demonstrate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern that should guide the clinicians towards more appropriate antibiotic use.
METHODS
Sixty-nine NPC patients with PRNN in our department between March 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. Pathogenic culture and drug sensitivity test were performed in these 69 NPC patients with PRNN. The infection rate of Pathogens and the sensitivity of the drugs were analyzed based on these results.
RESULTS
Sixty-nine NPC patients with PRNN were enrolled in our study. Pathogens were identified in 58 (84%) patients. Of the 58 patients, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 34 (58.6%) patients. And the second most common group of bacterial isolates was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic sensitivity showed that Levofloxacin was the highest (88.5%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (85.2%) and Gentamicin (80.3%). The only pathologic fungus was Candidaalbicans, about 6.8%. The positive rates of bacterial and fungal culture in PRNN patients were not significantly different from the patients' gender, age, stage, number of radiotherapy courses (P>0.05), but the cure rate was statistically higher in culture-negative patients in comparison with culture-positive patients (63.6% vs 20.7%, P=0.011).
CONCLUSION
Our results provide an overall picture of the microbiology and drug susceptibility patterns for NPC patients with PRNN and could help implement guidelines for more rational treatment and improve therapeutic outcome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida albicans; Ciprofloxacin; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Levofloxacin; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Necrosis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Radiation Injuries; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32057645
DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2019.09.008 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Jul 2022Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) inside the hive (nurse workers and other hive bees) and outside the hive (foragers) are exposed to climate and weather changes, various...
Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) inside the hive (nurse workers and other hive bees) and outside the hive (foragers) are exposed to climate and weather changes, various pesticides, pathogens, and malnutrition, mainly entering through the mouth and primarily affecting the digestive tracts of adult bees. To understand and prevent the effects of such external and internal stressors on honeybees, one useful research method is the immunohistochemical method. A basic protocol is described to prepare the midgut (ventriculus) and hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) of adult bees for histological analysis. A detailed methodology is described to assess the level of cell damage and distinguish necrosis from programmed cell death (apoptosis) as a natural process of tissue regeneration. The results of adult honeybee treatment with oxalic acid and pesticides (insecticide and acaricide) and the determination of cell death in the ventriculus and HPGs are presented. The pros and cons of the methodology are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Cell Death; Digestive System; Hypopharynx; Insecticides; Pesticides
PubMed: 35876557
DOI: 10.3791/64141