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Immunology Letters Jan 2011B cells not only play a pivotal role in humoral immunity, but also are involved in a broad spectrum of immune responses, including antigen presentation and T-cell...
B cells not only play a pivotal role in humoral immunity, but also are involved in a broad spectrum of immune responses, including antigen presentation and T-cell function regulation. The identification of cell-surface CD molecules derived from a series of Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA) Workshops has been instrumental to the discovery and functional characterization of human B-cell populations. Moreover, many events regulating B-cell development, activation, and effector functions are orchestrated by these cell-surface molecules. During the Ninth HLDA Workshop (HLDA9) eighteen new CDs were allocated to cell-surface molecules expressed on B cells: CD210a (IL10RA), CD215 (IL15RA), CD270 (TNFRSF14), CD307a (FCRL1), CD307b (FCRL2), CD307c (FCRL3), CD307d (FCRL4), CD351 (FCAMR), CD352 (SLAMF6), CD353 (SLAMF8), CD354 (TREM1), CD355 (CRTAM), CD357 (TNFRSF18), CD358 (TNFRSF21), CD360 (IL21RA), CD361 (EVI2B), CD362 (SDC2), and CD363 (S1PR1). Here we present their expression patterns on leukocytes, including T lymphocytes, NK cells, granulocytes, monocytes, plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and several B-cell subsets. These new CD molecules are expressed on B cells at various stages of differentiation; from bone marrow precursor pro-B cells to plasma cells. Three of them, CD307a, CD307b and CD307d, exhibit a B-cell restricted expression pattern, whereas the rest are also present on other leukocytes. In this paper we also review the structural characteristics, expression, and function of these new CD molecules. The availability of monoclonal antibodies directed against novel B cell-surface molecules will have broad implications not only for B-cell biology, but also for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, CD; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow Cells; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Mice; Palatine Tonsil; Receptors, Cytokine; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
PubMed: 20933010
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.09.019 -
Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2020to review the modifications and advances in reconstructive surgery of the soft tissues of the oral cavity exclusively based on flaps that depend on the facial artery... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
to review the modifications and advances in reconstructive surgery of the soft tissues of the oral cavity exclusively based on flaps that depend on the facial artery system.
METHODS
review of the literature regarding oral cavity reconstructions based on main facial artery system flaps.
DISCUSSION
The reconstruction of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, based on facial artery system flaps, offers satisfactory results and allows limited reconstructions avoiding the use of pedicled regional flaps or free flaps.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of reconstructive options using the facial artery system in oral cavity surgery allows expanding reconstructive options for head and neck surgeons, enabling safe, high quality and effective reconstructions, with limited resources consumption.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Artery; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Necrosis; Oral Fistula; Palate; Prospective Studies; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Respiratory Tract Fistula; Surgical Flaps; Surgical Wound Dehiscence; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32143840
DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2019.10.002 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Jan 2020The laryngopharyngeal reconstruction in patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma continues to be a challenge for surgeons. In this article, we describe our experience with...
The laryngopharyngeal reconstruction in patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma continues to be a challenge for surgeons. In this article, we describe our experience with laryngopharyngeal reconstruction in patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma using the modified infrahyoid myocutaneous flap (IHMCF). The modified incision design for the modified IHMCF and clinical outcomes are also detailed here. Between January 2012 and February 2018, 10 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent laryngopharyngeal reconstruction using the modified IHMCF after hemicricolaryngopharyngectomy were included in this study. The drainage vessels of the modified IHMCF, oncological outcomes, and functional reservation of the larynx were recorded. All of the flaps survived well. No flap necrosis or other major complications occurred during follow-up. None of the patients remained on nasogastric feeding for more than 4 weeks postoperatively. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 73 months (mean, 36 months). In our series, 6 patients were successfully decannulated and 5 had received radiation therapy. We roughly assessed the speech and swallowing functions, and the outcomes seemed acceptable in all of the patients after surgery. Laryngoscopic examination showed that the modified IHMCF survived well and the new glottis provided excellent function and good ventilation results. In our experience, the modified IHMCF is a safe and viable procedure that can serve as a valid alternative to free flaps and the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap to reconstruct laryngopharyngeal defects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Hypopharynx; Laryngoplasty; Larynx; Male; Middle Aged; Myocutaneous Flap; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31079475
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319849947 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2015Squamous cell tonsil carcinoma is the most frequent form of oropharyngeal cancer, representing 70-80% of the total of head and neck malignant tumors. Poor clinical...
Squamous cell tonsil carcinoma is the most frequent form of oropharyngeal cancer, representing 70-80% of the total of head and neck malignant tumors. Poor clinical symptoms make that 60-80% of patients with squamous cell tonsil carcinoma have a late diagnosis, in the third and fourth stages, when the tumor exceeds the organ limits, invading the pharyngeal wall or the tongue base, being associated with metastases in the laterocervical lymphatic ganglions. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) represents an important inflammation mediator associated to carcinogenesis and even to tumor progression. We evaluated the seric values of TNF-α in a group of patients with tonsil cancer in comparison to a group of patients with chronic tonsillitis, as well as the reaction of mastocytes and macrophages in the two types of tonsil lesions. Seric levels of TNF-α in squamous cell tonsil carcinoma were quite high, varying from 1000 to 2000 pg÷mL, and in four patients, with poorly differentiated tonsil carcinoma in the fourth stage, the TNF-α values varied from 2000 to 4000 pg÷mL. In the patients undergoing radiotherapy, the TNF-α seric levels were within normal limits. In chronic tonsillitis, the TNF-α seric level varied from 10 to 200 pg÷mL. There were not observed any significant differences between the two types of tonsil lesions, regarding the macrophages and mast cells density on the surface unit.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Inflammation; Macrophages; Male; Mast Cells; Middle Aged; Pharynx; Tonsillar Neoplasms; Tonsillitis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 25826493
DOI: No ID Found -
Head & Neck Jun 2009Radiation-induced nasopharyngeal necrosis is a consequential late effect in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients with NPC who have been treated...
BACKGROUND
Radiation-induced nasopharyngeal necrosis is a consequential late effect in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients with NPC who have been treated with high-dose radiotherapy are at risk of developing postradiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN). However, the analysis of PRNN with a significant cohort of patients has not been reported in English-language literature. In this study, we aimed to evaluate PRNN in 28 patients with NPC.
METHODS
From June 2006 to December 2007, 28 patients were diagnosed with PRNN with pathologic evidence. Surgical procedure of endoscopy-guided debridement and systemic anti-inflammatory treatments were conducted for the patients. Their clinical features, treatment procedures, and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
Clinical symptoms such as foul odor and headache were alleviated in all, 8 patients were cured of their PRNN, 9 patients with exposed internal carotid artery died of sudden nasopharyngeal massive bleeding, and 3 patients died of exhaustion (cachexia).
CONCLUSION
PRNN is an important consequential late effect of radiotherapy in the patients with NPC. Internal carotid artery erosion is a severe situation and acts as an independent prognostic factor for the patients. Diagnosis of PRNN could be made after ruling out the persistent-recurrent NPC proven by pathologic examination. Surgery is effective for improving the quality of life and for curing PRNN.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cohort Studies; Debridement; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Laryngoscopy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Necrosis; Neoplasm Staging; Probability; Proportional Hazards Models; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Risk Assessment; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19340873
DOI: 10.1002/hed.21036 -
Pediatrics May 2014Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; previously Wegener granulomatosis) is a rare, multisystem, necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that classically affects the upper... (Review)
Review
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; previously Wegener granulomatosis) is a rare, multisystem, necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that classically affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys but can have diverse clinical features. The clinical course is often rapidly progressive, and without appropriate treatment is almost universally fatal. Early symptoms are often nonspecific and a high index of suspicion is needed to recognize this serious disease, particularly in the absence of overt pulmonary or renal manifestations. Because initial symptoms can mimic those of infection, patients often present first to the general pediatrician. We present a case of pediatric GPA in a 14-year-old boy who initially presented with constitutional symptoms, sore throat, and hematuria, and then developed grossly necrotic-appearing tonsils before rapid deterioration requiring intensive life-saving measures. We review the common manifestations of GPA, including those that may be unique to the pediatric population, and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in preventing devastating outcomes from this disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy; Combined Modality Therapy; Critical Care; Cyclophosphamide; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Early Diagnosis; Early Medical Intervention; Glomerulonephritis; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Necrosis; Palatine Tonsil; Pharyngitis; Plasma Exchange
PubMed: 24753531
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-0466 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2023The aim: This study aims to investigate and analyze the microbiome of the nasopharyngeal zone in acute respiratory infections (ARI) and their relationship with...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: This study aims to investigate and analyze the microbiome of the nasopharyngeal zone in acute respiratory infections (ARI) and their relationship with inflammatory markers.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: Examination of 112 children (10-14 years old) with acute respiratory infections (ARI) of the upper respiratory tract was carried out. The control group consisted of 25 healthy children identical in age and examination parameters.
RESULTS
Results: When analyzing the microflora of the nasopharynx of patients, 29,0% of strains were gram-positive bacteria and 71,0% were gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli representing 37,0%). Biochemical examination of the biomaterial revealed the presence of sucrase (n=69), maltase (n=87), lactorepoxidase (n-89) and alcohols - sorbitol (hexahydric alcohol, n=102), mannitol (hexahydric alcohol, n=84), xylitol (pentahydric alcohol, n=86). Regarding the markers of inflammatory response, the following dynamics was noted: increase in the level of IgM (3,91 ± 1,79 g/l, p<0,01) by 2,2 times, elevation of Ig G level by 10 times (145, 91 ± 53,04 g/l, p< 0,01), slightly higher than the reference values IgE level. In addition, increased IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, γ-IFN, TNF-α, Neopterin levels were detected. The level of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly different compared to the control group (0,62 ± 0,57 vs. 1,98 ± 0,30 mIU/ ml, p< 0,01), but within the reference values.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Predominance of Gram-negative bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microflora of patients along with elevated inflammatory markers and lactop-eroxydase enzyme predominance was detected in the study.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Nasopharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Microbiota
PubMed: 38112358
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202311112 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2013Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, occasionally presenting with signs and symptoms that occur within the head and neck. Recently,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, occasionally presenting with signs and symptoms that occur within the head and neck. Recently, granulomatous reactions and cases of sarcoidosis have been reported in patients treated with anti-TNF agents.
METHODS
This report describes a 56-year-old man who developed sarcoidosis in the hypopharynx during adalimumab therapy for psoriatic arthritis. A retrospective review of the literature was performed using the PubMed database.
RESULTS
In our patient, a chronic granulomatous reaction consistent with sarcoidosis developed after 2 years of continuous treatment with adalimumab. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established by the typical well-formed non caseating granulomas on biopsy, after excluding all other granulomatous conditions. Following withdrawal of anti-TNF agents and a course of steroids, the clinical picture resolved.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of sarcoidosis during treatment with TNF-a antagonists represents a rare and paradoxical adverse event. To our knowledge this is the first case of sarcoidosis of the hypopharynx reported in the literature.
Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Humans; Hypopharynx; Male; Middle Aged; Oropharynx; Pharyngeal Diseases; Sarcoidosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tongue; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ulcer
PubMed: 23357593
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2012.12.016 -
Dysphagia Oct 2022Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg syndrome is a stroke in the lateral medulla with symptoms often including dysphagia and dysphonia. In adults, this stroke is the...
Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg syndrome is a stroke in the lateral medulla with symptoms often including dysphagia and dysphonia. In adults, this stroke is the most common brainstem stroke, but it is rare in the pediatric population. Insults to the medulla can involve the "swallowing centers," the nucleus ambiguus and nucleus tractus solitarius, and the cranial nerves involved in swallowing, namely IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus). These individuals can develop severe dysphagia with an inability to trigger a swallow due to pharyngeal weakness and impaired mechanical opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) which can result in aspiration. We present a 7-year-old male with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (velocardiofacial syndrome) and velopharyngeal insufficiency who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery at an outside hospital whose post-operative course was complicated by adenovirus, viral myocarditis, and dorsal medullary stroke. He required a tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube. He was discharged from that hospital and readmitted to our hospital 4 months later for increased oxygen requirement, requiring a 5 month admission in the intensive care units. His initial VFSS revealed absent UES opening with the entire bolus remaining in the pyriform sinuses resulting in aspiration. His workup over the course of his admission included multiple videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS), flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), and pharyngeal and esophageal manometry. Intervention included intensive speech therapy, cricopharyngeal Botox® injection, and cricopharyngeal myotomy. Nineteen months after his stroke, he transitioned to oral intake of solids and liquids with adequate movement of the bolus through the pharynx and UES and no aspiration on his VFSS.
Topics: Adult; Brain Stem Infarctions; Child; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper; Humans; Lateral Medullary Syndrome; Male; Manometry; Stroke
PubMed: 34705083
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10376-3 -
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular... Jan 2016Studies have recognized that the damage in the subcortical and supratentorial regions may affect voluntary and involuntary aspects of the swallowing function. The...
BACKGROUND
Studies have recognized that the damage in the subcortical and supratentorial regions may affect voluntary and involuntary aspects of the swallowing function. The current study attempted to explore the dysphagia characteristics in patients with subcortical and supratentorial stroke.
METHODS
Twelve post first or second subcortical and supratentorial stroke patients were included in the study. The location of the stroke was ascertained by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The characteristics of swallowing disorder were assessed by video fluoroscopic swallowing assessment/fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. The following main parameters were analyzed: oral transit time, pharyngeal delay time, presence of cricopharyngeal muscle achalasia (CMA), distance of laryngeal elevation, the amounts of vallecular residue and pyriform sinus residue (PSR), and the extent of pharyngeal contraction.
RESULTS
Eighty-three percent of the 12 patients were found suffering from pharyngeal dysphagia, with 50% having 50%-100% PSRs, 50% having pharyngeal delay, and 41.6% cases demonstrating CMA. Simple regression analysis showed PSRs were most strongly associated with CMA. Pharyngeal delay in the study can be caused by infarcts of basal ganglia/thalamus, infarcts of sensory tract, infarcts of swallowing motor pathways in the centrum semiovale, or a combination of the three.
CONCLUSION
Subcortical and supratentorial stroke may result in pharyngeal dysphagia such as PSR and pharyngeal delay. PSR was mainly caused by CMA.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Basal Ganglia; Brain Ischemia; China; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Efferent Pathways; Esophageal Achalasia; Esophagoscopy; Female; Fluoroscopy; Humans; Larynx; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pharyngeal Muscles; Pyriform Sinus; Retrospective Studies; Stroke, Lacunar; Thalamus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; White Matter
PubMed: 26508684
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.08.037