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Radiologic Clinics of North America Sep 1998Imaging of the oral cavity and pharynx often is required in three settings: assessment of an inflammatory mass in association with odontogenic, tonsillar, or pharyngeal... (Review)
Review
Imaging of the oral cavity and pharynx often is required in three settings: assessment of an inflammatory mass in association with odontogenic, tonsillar, or pharyngeal infections; determination of the cause of a submucosal mass; and staging of squamous-cell carcinomas. Spread of infection from the oral cavity and pharynx can lead to abscesses in the masticatory space, the retropharyngeal compartment, and in a parapharyngeal location. Submucosal masses include congenital cysts (thyroglossal and dermoid), benign neoplasms (hemangioma, schwannomas, pleomorphic adenomas juvenile angiofibromas), inflammatory cysts (mucous retention cysts, ranulas), and pseudotumors (osteophytes, carotid arteries). Staging of squamous-cell carcinomas must focus on deep invasion, spread to the brain, nerves, mandible, prevertebral muscle, and pre-epiglottic fat.
Topics: Abscess; Bacterial Infections; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cysts; Diagnostic Imaging; Focal Infection; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Palatine Tonsil; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 9747196
DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70071-3 -
The American Journal of Medicine Dec 2001Carcinoma of the head and neck is among the most debilitating forms of cancer. Survival rates for these tumors vary and depend on the presence of early symptoms,... (Review)
Review
Carcinoma of the head and neck is among the most debilitating forms of cancer. Survival rates for these tumors vary and depend on the presence of early symptoms, anatomic accessibility, and lymphatic supply. Despite advances in therapy and novel surgical approaches, early diagnosis remains the best predictor of survival. This article reviews the diagnosis, staging criteria, and treatment strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hypopharyngeal carcinoma, and laryngeal carcinoma in an effort to heighten the clinical and endoscopic recognition of these lesions.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Laryngoscopy; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Survival Rate; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 11749936
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(01)00850-6 -
Current Oncology Reports Nov 2019Management of parapharyngeal tumors is challenging due to the complex anatomic nature of the space and the wide range of pathologies encountered. This article will... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Management of parapharyngeal tumors is challenging due to the complex anatomic nature of the space and the wide range of pathologies encountered. This article will review the anatomy, common pathologies, and management of parapharyngeal masses. Surgical strategies are also reviewed.
RECENT FINDINGS
Masses of the parapharyngeal space are most commonly benign (80%). More recent longitudinal studies have shown that observation and non-surgical therapy are indicated in many cases. When surgery is indicated, innovative endoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques allow for improved visualization and complete tumor removal while avoiding significant blood loss, tumor spillage, and injury to surrounding nerves and vessels. Management of parapharyngeal masses should consider morbidity of surgical resection versus the natural course of the disease. Surgical strategy is determined by location, size, and pathology. Adequate access is needed surgically to ensure complete resection and avoid tumor rupture.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Parapharyngeal Space; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 31728649
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0853-8 -
Vestnik Otorinolaringologii 2023Schwannoma is a benign neoplasm that develops from the Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. The share of neurogenic tumors of the parapharyngeal space accounts for 0.5% of...
Schwannoma is a benign neoplasm that develops from the Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. The share of neurogenic tumors of the parapharyngeal space accounts for 0.5% of all neoplasms of this localization. The article demonstrates a case from practice, presents the clinical features, diagnostics and methods of treatment for patients with pharyngeal neuromas. The peculiarity of the presented clinical observation is due to the rare occurrence of this pathology and the large size of the schwannoma in the long-term asymptomatic course of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Parapharyngeal Space; Pharynx; Neurilemmoma; Pharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37450397
DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228803186 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2024
Topics: Humans; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Liposarcoma; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38696897
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104324 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Nov 1996Endosonography is a diagnostic tool for the examination of tumors of the oral cavity. The pharynx is usually not assessable for conventional endosonography due to...
BACKGROUND
Endosonography is a diagnostic tool for the examination of tumors of the oral cavity. The pharynx is usually not assessable for conventional endosonography due to problems with the placement of the probe in deeper areas of the pharynx.
PATIENTS
A fingertop ultrasonography probe was combined with a stick allowing the user to locate the probe in deeper areas of the pharynx. The stick had two flexible joints and a device for attaching the probe in the front. We evaluated 48 patients with tumors of the posterior wall of the pharynx (n = 6), lateral wall of the pharynx (n = 7), tonsil (n = 17), sinus piriformis (n = 13), and nasopharynx (n = 5) during preoperative tumor endoscopy under general anesthesia. Thirty-two patients suspected of having a tonsillar abscess were examined under local anesthesia.
RESULTS
The evaluation of the tumor dissemination and the determination of the relationship between the tumor and the internal carotid artery was excellent for tumors of the posterior and lateral wall of the pharynx. The investigation of tumors of the sinus piriformis and the nasopharynx was difficult and tumor growth could not be determined normally with endosonography. In four cases, retropharyngeal lymph nodes could be detected. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of tonsillar abscesses was 84%.
CONCLUSION
Endosonography of the deeper areas of the pharynx seems to be a useful instrument for investigating growth of tumors at the lateral and posterior wall of the pharynx. Endosonographic results might be helpful for deciding between endoscopic and external approaches. Endosonography is not sufficiently sensitive for diagnosing tonsillar abscesses, but might be helpful in clinically difficult cases.
Topics: Abscess; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Carotid Artery, Internal; Diagnosis, Differential; Endosonography; Equipment Design; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 9063837
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-997657 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie May 2016Over the past 20 years, the therapeutic concepts for the treatment of head and neck cancer have evolved and non-surgical treatment strategies have gained in importance.... (Review)
Review
Over the past 20 years, the therapeutic concepts for the treatment of head and neck cancer have evolved and non-surgical treatment strategies have gained in importance. However, despite improved organ preservation protocols and primary chemoradiation, tumor recurrence is still frequent. Under these conditions, salvage surgery if often the only remaining curative treatment option. Over the past 30 years, advancements in plastic-reconstructive surgery have broadened the surgical spectrum in the head and neck area, offering new treatment options for salvage surgery in recurrent cancer of the pharynx and larynx. Survival after salvage surgery mainly depends on the primary treatment modality as well as the localization and tumor stage at the time of initial diagnosis and local recurrence. For the reconstruction of defects after salvage surgery, pedicled flaps and microvascular free flaps may be utilized. The most frequently used flaps in these situations are the pectoralis major island- or the myocutaneous latissimus dorsi island flap. The radial forearm and the ALT-flap are potentially applicable free flaps. With the use of these flaps, vital tissue is transferred into the previously irradiated area, hereby allowing for reconstruction and functional preservation of the resected area and preventing complications such as fistulas. The expected morbidity and the likelihood of surgical success must be assessed thoroughly in every individual case prior to performing salvage surgery. This review aims to support decision making in these situations.
Topics: Free Tissue Flaps; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Microsurgery; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Salvage Therapy; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 27135424
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-103591 -
Archives of Otolaryngology (Chicago,... Jan 1970
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Male; Myxoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 5409720
DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1970.00770040108017 -
Journal of Surgical Oncology 1974
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 4610285
DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930060502 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Dec 2018
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30267038
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.2371