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JAMA Aug 1977
Topics: Behavior; Brain; Coma; Humans; Phencyclidine; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 577581
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuropharmacology May 1979
Topics: Animals; Discrimination, Psychological; Dopamine; Generalization, Psychological; Male; Phencyclidine; Rats; Serotonin; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 460541
DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(79)90070-4 -
The Hillside Journal of Clinical... 1983Urinary acidification is widely used to increase the excretion rate of PCP in abusers. Various acidifying techniques were used and compared with regard to efficacy in...
Urinary acidification is widely used to increase the excretion rate of PCP in abusers. Various acidifying techniques were used and compared with regard to efficacy in lowering pH, side effects, and patient acceptability. On the basis of our findings and data from routine monitoring with test tapes, we would recommend the following acidifications procedures as efficacious and reasonably well tolerated: Ammonium chloride, 4 gm. per day, 1 gm. q.i.d., with sufficient water or cranberry juice. Lysine dihydrochloride, 6 gm. per day, 2 gm. t.i.d., with sufficient water or cranberry juice. Lysine hydrochloride, 8 gm. per day, 2 gm. q.i.d., with water or cranberry juice. Cranberry juice, 18 or more oz. per day alone, or plus lysine, ammonium chloride, or ascorbic acid.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Ascorbic Acid; Fruit; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inactivation, Metabolic; Lysine; Phencyclidine; Phencyclidine Abuse; Urine; Vitamins
PubMed: 6423507
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Aug 1978In 15 patients hospitalized with phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis, several measures of psychopathology were examined in relationship to urine PCP levels, duration of...
In 15 patients hospitalized with phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis, several measures of psychopathology were examined in relationship to urine PCP levels, duration of hospitalization and mode of intoxication. Duration of hospitalization was found to be significantly shorter for smokers than for ingesters of PCP. Impaired ability to estimate 30 seconds duration was found to correlate significantly with a higher urine PCP level and a longer hospitalization. No other measure of psychopathology was found to correlate with either duration of hospitalization or urine PCP levels, now were other measures of psychopathology found to distinguish these patients from patients with acute functional mental illness.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Phencyclidine; Prognosis; Psychoses, Substance-Induced
PubMed: 681304
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Jan 1992The phencyclidine analogues (+/-)-alpha-, (+/-)-beta-, and (+)-alpha- and and (-)-alpha-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine, all with known...
The phencyclidine analogues (+/-)-alpha-, (+/-)-beta-, and (+)-alpha- and and (-)-alpha-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine, all with known relative and absolute stereochemistry, have been prepared, and their analgesic potencies related to corresponding prodines. In contrast to the prodines, the (+/-)-alpha-phencyclidine analogue was a more potent analgesic than its diastereoisomer, while in agreement with observations in the prodine series, the 3R,4S-alpha-enantiomer displayed substantially greater potency than its mirror image form.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Narcotics; Pain Measurement; Phencyclidine; Rats; Stereoisomerism; Vas Deferens
PubMed: 1350622
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb14356.x -
Neuropharmacology Jun 1989Phencyclidine profoundly alters cerebral metabolism in the rat. This study explored whether cerebral metabolic effects of phencyclidine differed when the drug was...
Phencyclidine profoundly alters cerebral metabolism in the rat. This study explored whether cerebral metabolic effects of phencyclidine differed when the drug was self-administered by trained rats, compared with when it was given acutely to naive rats. The regional cerebral uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[1-(D14C] glucose (DG) was examined following two injections of phencyclidine (0.5 mg/kg/injection, i.v.) or saline in freely-moving, drug-experienced rats. Naive controls received phencyclidine or saline according to an identical dose regimen. In self-administering and naive rats, phencyclidine produced many of the same effects on uptake of DG, including the following: decreases in the habenula, inferior colliculus, sensory cortical areas and corresponding thalamic relay nuclei; and increases in limbic areas (entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices, subicular areas). Some regions (auditory and motor cortices, medial geniculate body, globus pallidus) showed different effects in self-administering and naive rats. Another study, in which rats were not self-administering phencyclidine, but had histories of treatment with drugs similar to those of the self-administering rats, indicated that chronic exposure to drug accounted for some of the differences. Furthermore, differences between the effects of phencyclidine in self-administering, versus non-self-administering rats with similar histories suggested that activity in some regions of the brain may relate to training in drug self-administration and/or behavior.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cocaine; Deoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose; Female; Ketamine; Phencyclidine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Self Administration
PubMed: 2755563
DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(89)90136-6 -
Psychopharmacology 1984Self-injection of phencyclidine HCI (PCP) and four of its analogues was examined in baboons. IV injections of drug were dependent upon completion of 160 lever presses (a...
Self-injection of phencyclidine HCI (PCP) and four of its analogues was examined in baboons. IV injections of drug were dependent upon completion of 160 lever presses (a 160-response fixed-ratio schedule). A 3-h time-out period followed each injection, permitting a maximum of eight injections per day. Self-injection performance was first established with cocaine and, once stable, test doses of each drug were substituted for 15 days. All five compounds maintained maximal self-injection performance, differing only in their relative potencies. The order of potency was approximately PCP greater than NMPCA = TCPY greater than NNBPCA greater than ketamine. Analysis of the distribution of injections throughout the day indicate that lower doses (and vehicle) were injected mainly during the daylight hours (i.e., 9 AM-6 PM), but as the dose was increased the injections became more uniformly distributed. Only the highest doses of these compounds affected food intake, though the degree of suppression was modest. No differences between these compounds with respect to their abuse potential could be found.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Ketamine; Male; Papio; Phencyclidine; Self Administration; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors
PubMed: 6436860
DOI: 10.1007/BF00428537 -
The Journal of Pharmacology and... Oct 1986The interactions of the hallucinogenic drug PCP [1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine] and some of its analogs with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ionic channel...
The interactions of the hallucinogenic drug PCP [1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine] and some of its analogs with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ionic channel complex were studied using electrophysiological techniques. The peak amplitude and the decay time constant of the nerve-evoked end-plate current (EPCs) recorded from the frog sartorius muscle were reduced by all the analogs in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 between 5 and 90 microM). PCP, TCP [1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]-piperidine] and PCE (N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine), among other analogs, caused a negative slope conductance in the current-voltage relationship at hyperpolarized potentials and a voltage- and time-dependent depression of the peak amplitude of the EPC. When the piperidine ring of the PCP molecule was substituted by a morpholino ring, as in 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)morpholine and 1-[1-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexyl]morpholine, the potency decreased and the negative conductance was eliminated. The removal of the piperidine ring of PCP in 1-phenylcyclohexylamine and the hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring in 4-phenyl-4-piperidino-cyclohexanol reduced the potency and produced double exponential decays at potentials between +50 and -50 mV. At -100 mV, the potency for decreasing peak EPC amplitude was well correlated with the potency for reducing the decay time constant for all the analogs. The voltage- and time-dependent depression of the EPC amplitude was reduced by substitution of a morpholino ring and by the elimination of the piperidine ring of PCP. The behaviorally active analogs were the most potent EPC blockers, which suggests a synaptic role for the production of depressant behavioral effects observed with PCP.
Topics: Animals; Evoked Potentials; Membrane Potentials; Motor Endplate; Neuromuscular Junction; Phencyclidine; Rana pipiens; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 3489835
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pharmacological Methods May 1982Development of tolerance to phencyclidine (PCP) was assessed in male ICR mice, using motor incoordination as a parameter. The implantation of a PCP (1-3 mg/day/mouse for...
Development of tolerance to phencyclidine (PCP) was assessed in male ICR mice, using motor incoordination as a parameter. The implantation of a PCP (1-3 mg/day/mouse for 1-5 days)-containing osmotic minipump, induced tolerance, as evidenced by a gradual reduction of the duration of motor incoordination. The degree of tolerance exhibited dose and time dependency. Even after the removal of the PCP pump (1 mg/day/mouse for 5 days), the tolerance remained to the same degree for at least 4 days. The hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPH)-cytochrome c reductase activities were found to be elevated in tolerant mice (2 mg/day/mouse for 5 days). The half-life of PCP in the brains of tolerant mice was likewise decreased. These data indicate a dispositional tolerance for PCP. It appears that the administration of PCP by the osmotic minipump offers a convenient method for inducing PCP tolerance.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Brain; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drug Tolerance; Half-Life; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microsomes, Liver; Phencyclidine
PubMed: 7109647
DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(82)90040-7 -
Archives of Neurology Mar 1976The first report of electroencephalographic findings in clinically encountered phencyclidine intoxication is presented. When first seen, the patient was in a coma,...
The first report of electroencephalographic findings in clinically encountered phencyclidine intoxication is presented. When first seen, the patient was in a coma, initially distinguished only by nystagmus, waxy rigidity of the extremities, and an EEG with a widespread, sinusoidal theta rhythm interrupted every few seconds by periodic slow-wave complexes. The similarity of the EEG to that of deep ketamine anesthesia suggested intoxication with a ketamine-related (phenylcyclohexylamine) drug. Phencyclidine, the prototype of the phenylcyclohexylamine compounds and a widely abused hallucinogen, was subsequently identified in the urine and blood.
Topics: Adult; Automatism; Brain; Electroencephalography; Humans; Male; Phencyclidine; Substance-Related Disorders; Theta Rhythm
PubMed: 1252164
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1976.00500030056012