-
Annual Review of Pharmacology and... 1990
Review
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Humans; N-Methylaspartate; Nervous System; Phencyclidine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Receptors, Phencyclidine
PubMed: 2160793
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pa.30.040190.003423 -
American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy Nov 1978The history, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) intoxication and the pharmacology of PCP are reviewed. Intoxication with low to... (Review)
Review
The history, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) intoxication and the pharmacology of PCP are reviewed. Intoxication with low to moderate doses of PCP (5-20 mg) resembles an acute, confusional state generally lasting four to six hours. High doses (greater than 20 mg) may cause serious neurologic and cardiovascular complications and the patient is often comatose for several days. Treatment involves supportive psychological and medical measures. Evacuation of the stomach with activated charcoal and a saline cathartic may be indicated and succinylcholine chloride may ease intubation. Diazepam and chlorpromazine may be used to control the combative patient and the "PCP psychosis" patient, respectively. Antihypertensive agents are not usually needed, but diazoxide and hydralazine hydrochloride have been used to treat hypertensive crises. Diazepam and phenytoin have been used to treat seizures. Ion-trapping by continuous gastric suctioning and by urine acidification with ammonium chloride may increase clearance of PCP. Forced diuresis with furosemide in conjunction with acidification may further increase PCP clearance. Use of physostigmine is based on conjecture.
Topics: Animals; Drug Therapy; Humans; Phencyclidine
PubMed: 360832
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Emergency Medicine Mar 1980
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inactivation, Metabolic; Phencyclidine; Urine
PubMed: 7362113
DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(80)80280-0 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Mar 1983
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Phencyclidine; Phencyclidine Abuse
PubMed: 6840024
DOI: No ID Found -
NIDA Research Monograph 1986
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Phencyclidine; Phencyclidine Abuse; Respiration; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 3086735
DOI: No ID Found -
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior Mar 1994Chronic administration of a psychomotor stimulant has been shown to produce progressively enhanced effects, a phenomenon called "reverse tolerance" or sensitization. The...
Chronic administration of a psychomotor stimulant has been shown to produce progressively enhanced effects, a phenomenon called "reverse tolerance" or sensitization. The present study reexamined the effects of the daily injection of phencyclidine on locomotor activity and stereotypy in rats, and investigated whether drug-environment conditioning was necessary for the development of behavioral sensitization and whether (5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,b]cyclohepten-5,1 0-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801, dizocilpine) blocked behavioral sensitization to phencyclidine. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Locomotor activity and stereotypy were measured automatically with the Digiscan system. The results confirmed an earlier finding that four daily injections of phencyclidine induced sensitization to both locomotor activity and stereotypy. The development of behavioral sensitization did not require drug-environment conditioning. Moreover, MK-801 did not block behavioral sensitization to phencyclidine. The results of the present study suggest that the neuronal mechanisms underlying sensitization to phencyclidine are different from those underlying sensitization to amphetamine and cocaine.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Female; Motor Activity; Phencyclidine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stereotyped Behavior
PubMed: 8208780
DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)90165-1 -
Clinical Toxicology 1976
Review
Topics: Adult; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Phencyclidine; Poisoning; Psychoses, Substance-Induced
PubMed: 789004
DOI: 10.3109/15563657608988151 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Oct 1979
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Phencyclidine
PubMed: 484738
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.136.10.1341 -
American Family Physician Apr 1991Because phencyclidine intoxication has both psychiatric and physical manifestations, it continues to present a challenge to physicians. Intoxication may be viewed as... (Review)
Review
Because phencyclidine intoxication has both psychiatric and physical manifestations, it continues to present a challenge to physicians. Intoxication may be viewed as occurring in three stages. Mild intoxication, the first and most common stage, is manifested primarily by psychiatric signs and symptoms. In the second stage, patients are stuporous to comatose, but they have intact deep pain responses. In the third stage, patients do not respond to deep pain stimuli. Treatment depends on the stage of intoxication.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Phencyclidine; Poisoning
PubMed: 2008817
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Chromatography. B,... Aug 1998Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is difficult to detect and to quantify in biosamples because of its very low active dose. Although there are a number of tests... (Review)
Review
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is difficult to detect and to quantify in biosamples because of its very low active dose. Although there are a number of tests available, routine analysis of LSD is rarely performed. Immunoassays largely vary in their specificity and cross-reactivities with other molecules often make these tests unreliable. Because of its low concentration and the instability of the derivatives (e.g. trimethylsilyl-LSD), routine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection and quantitation of LSD remains a difficult task. The most promising procedures for LSD determination seems to be liquid chromatography-MS analysis using electrospray ionisation and selected ion monitoring (SIM). Extraction, derivatization, GC or high-performance liquid chromatography conditions and the different detection modes will be summarised. Phencyclidine (PCP) is an abused drug seldom found outside the United States. Well established detection and quantitation procedures include radioisotopic and nonradioisotopic immunoassays and GC-MS analysis using SIM mode with deuterated PCP as internal standard. Alternatively, GC with nitrogen-phosphorus detection or capillary electrophoresis has been used. Recent progress in PCP analysis will be summarised.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hallucinogens; Humans; Immunoassay; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Phencyclidine; Substance Abuse Detection
PubMed: 9700559
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00538-0