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Advances in Clinical and Experimental... 2012The study attempted to investigate the anti-anxiety activities of Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine, PCP, I) and some of its derivatives (M, F, L, B, S,...
OBJECTIVES
The study attempted to investigate the anti-anxiety activities of Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine, PCP, I) and some of its derivatives (M, F, L, B, S, P) with the elevated-plus maze (EPM) Test.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Phencyclidine and its derivatives (M, F, L, B, S, P) were administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 mg/kg to male mice. Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed using the elevated-plus maze test.
RESULTS
EPM results revealed an increase in open arms time spent after applying PCP and M, L, P, and B compounds at the administered dosage. Moreover, an increase in the number of open arm entries was observed with M, P, and B compounds. The P, B and S compounds increased the locomotion of animals, too, which might be considered as the side effect to the compounds.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the elevated-plus maze results, it was concluded that M and L compounds could be considered as a potential anxiolytic with less side effects due to a probable high electron donation of the methoxy group, as well as the hydrophilic properties of hydroxyl groups on these compounds.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Molecular Structure; Motor Activity; Phencyclidine; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 23214193
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Sep 1981[3H]Phencyclidine ([3H]PCP) binds specifically to an apparently single class of binding sites on slide-mounted sections of rat olfactory bulb (Kd = 46 nM; Bmax = 10.5...
[3H]Phencyclidine ([3H]PCP) binds specifically to an apparently single class of binding sites on slide-mounted sections of rat olfactory bulb (Kd = 46 nM; Bmax = 10.5 fmol per slice). Bound [3H]PCP can be displaced by nonradioactive PCP and a series of its analogs with relative potencies that correlate closely (P less than 0.001) with values determined in a rat discrimination test that utilized PCP as a cue. Although morphine, naloxone, and opiate peptides do not displace bound [3H]PCP, psychotomimetic benzomorphans, classed as "sigma opiates," are quite potent displacers in vitro and have PCP-like behavioral properties in vivo. These results suggest that phencyclidine and the sigma opiates act at the same sites. [3H]PCP binding sites were visualized by using tritium-sensitive LKB film analyzed by computerized densitometry and color coding. The [3H]PCP binds most densely to cortical areas, diffusely in neocortex, and somewhat heterogeneously in the laminae of the hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus. Most of the brainstem and spinal cord show low specific [3H]PCP binding, with gray matter generally showing more binding than white.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Male; Phencyclidine; Rats; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Phencyclidine; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 6272322
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5881 -
Pharmacopsychiatry Mar 2016In schizophrenia early treatment may prevent disorder onset, or at least minimize its impact, suggesting possible neuroprotective properties of antipsychotics. The...
INTRODUCTION
In schizophrenia early treatment may prevent disorder onset, or at least minimize its impact, suggesting possible neuroprotective properties of antipsychotics. The present study investigates the effects of chronic treatment with the atypical antipsychotic, risperidone, on locomotor sensitization in the subchronic phencyclidine-treated rat.
METHODS
Rats were treated with phencyclidine sub-chronically (2 mg/kg bi-daily for one week followed by a one-week wash-out period) or vehicle. Half of the phencyclidine group was concurrently treated with risperidone (0.5 mg/kg IP) twice daily for 15 days, beginning 3 days before the start of phencyclidine administration. 6 weeks after treatment all rats were injected with a phencyclidine-challenge (3.2 mg/kg) and immediately after their locomotor activity measured for 20 min.
RESULTS
Co-administration of risperidone at the time of phencyclidine administration significantly reduced the phencyclidine-challenge locomotor effect administered 6 weeks later.
DISCUSSION
These results demonstrate that concurrent risperidone is neuroprotective, and clearly suggests its functionality can be translated to a clinical setting for treating the so-called prodrome.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Sensitization; Male; Motor Activity; Neuroprotective Agents; Phencyclidine; Rats; Risperidone
PubMed: 26838118
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1569417 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences Jul 1978Concentrations of phencyclidine in blood and liver are presented in five fatal cases occurring in Los Angeles County in 1976. Eleven other deaths in which phencyclidine...
Concentrations of phencyclidine in blood and liver are presented in five fatal cases occurring in Los Angeles County in 1976. Eleven other deaths in which phencyclidine contributed to death are described; acute psychotic reactions were observed in some of these cases. Two cases involved the drowning of individuals whose swimming capabilities may have been diminished from the effects of PCP. One case is presented in which a 20-year-old male took a massive overdose of phencyclidine for suicidal purposes.
Topics: Accidents; Adult; California; Dangerous Behavior; Drowning; Female; Forensic Medicine; Homicide; Humans; Male; Phencyclidine; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide
PubMed: 744979
DOI: No ID Found -
Southern Medical Journal Dec 1980
Topics: Humans; Mental Processes; Phencyclidine; Phencyclidine Abuse
PubMed: 7444540
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuropsychopharmacology : Official... Aug 1997Repeated ingestion of phencyclidine by humans induces enduring schizophrenic symptomatology, particularly cognitive dysfunction. In the presently described series of...
Repeated ingestion of phencyclidine by humans induces enduring schizophrenic symptomatology, particularly cognitive dysfunction. In the presently described series of experiments, the neurochemical and cognitive consequences of subchronic phencyclidine administration in the rat were explored. Repeated phencyclidine exposure led to a selective reduction in basal and stress-evoked dopamine utilization in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, rats previously subchronically-treated with phencyclidine were impaired on performance of a spatial working memory task in a delay-dependent manner. Importantly, these dopaminergic and cognitive deficits were observed after withdrawal from phencyclidine, and as such, the neurochemical and behavioral effects were due to drug-induced neurobiological changes rather than direct drug effects. These biochemical and behavioral data show that repeated phencyclidine administration induces prefrontal cortical cognitive deficits in rats, as in humans, and offer a biochemical perspective of the neural substrate underlying this cognitive impairment: inhibition of mesocortical dopamine neurons. Thus, these data may have relevance to psychiatric disorders involving prefrontal cortical dopaminergic hypoactivity and cognitive dysfunction, as has been hypothesized in schizophrenia.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Cognition; Dopamine; Male; Phencyclidine; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors
PubMed: 9252984
DOI: 10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00034-1 -
Pharmacology 1980A measure of motor impairment in which mice were required to climb to the top of an inverted screen was used to study the effects of phencyclidine. The time course of...
A measure of motor impairment in which mice were required to climb to the top of an inverted screen was used to study the effects of phencyclidine. The time course of effects of phencyclidine after intravenous, intraperitoneal and per os administrations was compared. The intravenous route resulted in a rapid peak effect of activity and phencyclidine was most potent by this route. Peak effects of phencyclidine were seen by 30 min after intraperitoneal and per os administrations and the decline in activity was not very different with these two routes. However, greater peak effects were seen with intraperitoneal than per os administration. The effects of phencyclidine were also compared to ketamine, N-ethyl-phenylcyclohexylamine (PCE) and 1-[1-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexyl]-piperidine (TCP). The order of potency was PCE greater than phencyclidine greater than TCP greater than ketamine. PCE, phencyclidine and TCP had similar time courses of activity, whereas ketamine was shorter acting.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Motor Skills; Phencyclidine; Time Factors
PubMed: 7375502
DOI: 10.1159/000137344 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Oct 1974
Topics: Adolescent; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Phencyclidine; Poisoning
PubMed: 4414337
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychopharmacology 1980IV phencyclidine (PCP) self-administration was studied in five rhesus monkeys. The animals were given 23 h per day access with each respose producing an injection. For...
IV phencyclidine (PCP) self-administration was studied in five rhesus monkeys. The animals were given 23 h per day access with each respose producing an injection. For the first seven sessions saline was made contingent on responding. For the next 30 sessions responses produced 0.01 mg/kg PCP and for the next 20 sessions responses produced 0.05 mg/kg PCP. Withdrawal signs and symptoms were evaluated every 4 h during the subsequent saline-access period. All animals responded for 0.01 mg/kg injections at rates higher than their initial saline rates. Response rates decreased but total PCP intake increased during access to the higher dose. The levels of PCP self-administered resulted in severe intoxication. Evidence for physical dependence development was obtained. The symptoms emerged within 4--8 h after access was terminated, peaked at 12--16 h, and subsided by 24--48 h. The syndrome could be reversed by IV PCP administration. The most common symptoms were vocalizations, hyperresponsivity, bruxism, oculomotor hyperactivity, and diarrhea. During withdrawal the animals refused preferred food. In some of the animals piloerection, tremors, ear and facial twitches, and priapism occurred. Rhythmic abdominal contractions and emesis were seen in one subject and convulsive activity was seen in one subject.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Phencyclidine; Self Administration; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 6775335
DOI: 10.1007/BF00432363 -
Clinical Toxicology Sep 1981Seventeen different compounds having structural similarities o PCP (phencyclidine) were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 125I-phencyclidine reagents (Roche)....
Seventeen different compounds having structural similarities o PCP (phencyclidine) were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 125I-phencyclidine reagents (Roche). Affinities were compared with molecular structures and several observations were made. It was found that the three-ring structure (1-phenylcyclo-hexylpiperidine) is essential for reactivity. Changes in and to the cyclohexyl ring and/or the piperidine ring reduced reactivity, while changes in the phenyl ring increased reactivity.
Topics: Phencyclidine; Radioimmunoassay; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 7318389
DOI: 10.3109/15563658108990334