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Lipids Nov 2009An expeditious colorimetric methodology for the determination of the deoxycholic acid (DCA) and of the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in pharmaceutical formulations is...
An expeditious colorimetric methodology for the determination of the deoxycholic acid (DCA) and of the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in pharmaceutical formulations is reported. The method is based on their competitive complexation reaction with a color indicator to form beta-cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes. Several pH color indicators were tested, but phenolphthalein (PHP) showed the best interaction with the beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with an inclusion yield higher than 95%. The best concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin to form inclusion complexes were 1.24 x 10(-3) and 6.2 x 10(-4) M at pH 9.5 and 10.5. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the pH had a significant effect on the DCA determination and that high beta-CD-PHP inclusion complex concentrations had a significant negative effect on the UDCA determination (p < 0.05). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 3.94 x 10(-5) and 1.31 x 10(-4) M for DCA (range: 6.1 x 10(-6)-3.13 x 10(-3) M), 4.08 x 10(-5) and 1.36 x 10(-4) M for UDCA (range: 6.05 x 10(-6)-3.88 x 10(-4) M). This simple and cheap method showed high stability and feasible instrumentation.
Topics: Deoxycholic Acid; Limit of Detection; Phenolphthalein; Ursodeoxycholic Acid; beta-Cyclodextrins
PubMed: 19821134
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3353-z -
The Analyst Mar 1986
Topics: Bromosuccinimide; Phenolphthalein; Phenolphthaleins; Tablets
PubMed: 3717586
DOI: 10.1039/an9861100379 -
Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) Sep 2023More than almost any other implant, fully implantable intramedullary distraction nails have changed corrective and reconstructive bone surgery. Based on the fundamentals... (Review)
Review
More than almost any other implant, fully implantable intramedullary distraction nails have changed corrective and reconstructive bone surgery. Based on the fundamentals of callus distraction, these new apparatus developments with their novel planning strategies and minimally invasive surgical techniques have opened up a wide range of indications and made the treatment reproducible and safe. The prerequisite, however, is that standardized procedures are adhered to, which concern both the preparation for the surgery, the surgery itself and the subsequent distraction treatment. Treatment with fully implantable intramedullary distraction nails should be performed at specialized centers, so that the paradigm shift in corrective and reconstructive limb surgery, which is already recognizable, will open the door for further developments.
Topics: Nails; Internal Fixators; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; Prostheses and Implants; Bone Lengthening; Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid; Phenolphthalein
PubMed: 37620678
DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04418-x -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Feb 2011
Topics: Buttocks; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis; Diarrhea; Humans; Laxatives; Male; Phenolphthalein; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous
PubMed: 19038516
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.06.013 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Apr 1996
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Female; Male; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phenolphthalein; Phenolphthaleins; Rats
PubMed: 8732945
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.104-1469323 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Feb 1953
Topics: Bile; Coloring Agents; Phenolphthalein; Phenolphthaleins
PubMed: 13063591
DOI: No ID Found -
Fundamental and Applied Toxicology :... Jan 1992Phenolphthalein is a cathartic agent that is widely used in over-the-counter laxatives. Thirteen-week toxicity studies of phenolphthalein were performed using F344/N...
Phenolphthalein is a cathartic agent that is widely used in over-the-counter laxatives. Thirteen-week toxicity studies of phenolphthalein were performed using F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Rats and mice were fed ad libitum with a NIH 07 diet containing 0; 3000; 6000; 12,000; 25,000; or 50,000 ppm phenolphthalein. On a milligram per kilogram body weight basis, rats and mice fed 50,000 ppm phenolphthalein ingested more drug than would be expected during human laxative abuse. Phenolphthalein produced little evidence of toxicity in rats. There was slightly lower weight gain among the 25,000 and 50,000 ppm groups. Treated rats showed elevated relative kidney weights (males only) and elevated absolute and relative liver weights at 12,000-50,000 ppm phenolphthalein. Rat serum bile acids were depressed early (Days 5 and 6) by phenolphthalein treatment. Several treatment-related toxic effects, however, were identified in mice who received more phenolphthalein per unit body weight than rats. Although there were no effects on body weight gain, elevated liver weights were noted in female mice receiving 6000-50,000 ppm phenolphthalein. The primary treatment-related findings that occurred during the mouse studies involved the reproductive and hematopoietic systems. Reproductive changes including depressed testis and right epididymal weights and sperm density, an elevated production of abnormal sperm, and morphologic alterations in seminiferous tubules occurred at all levels of exposure (3000-50,000 ppm). Hematopoietic changes included bone marrow hypoplasia (12,000-50,000 ppm), increased splenic hematopoiesis (males only; 25,000 and 50,000 ppm), and an elevated incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes (6000-50,000 ppm).
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Biological Availability; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Eating; Female; Male; Mice; Micronucleus Tests; Organ Size; Phenolphthalein; Phenolphthaleins; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reproduction; Sex Characteristics; Spermatogenesis; Spleen; Testis
PubMed: 1601209
DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90194-m -
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Jan 2004Experimental studies in rodents demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of phenolphthalein, the active ingredient in some laxatives, administered at doses similar to the...
PURPOSE
Experimental studies in rodents demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of phenolphthalein, the active ingredient in some laxatives, administered at doses similar to the dose that could be used by humans. Ovarian cancer was one of the cancers observed in these studies. We examined the association between epithelial ovarian cancer and use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives in a population-based case-control study.
METHODS
The study includes 356 epithelial ovarian cancer cases (256 invasive, 100 borderline) and 424 controls. Cases were identified through a population-based registry in Los Angeles County in 1992-1998, and controls were matched to cases by age, race/ethnicity and neighborhood. Data on laxative use (specific brands, frequency of use, usual dose) were obtained by structured in-person interview.
RESULTS
Compared to women who never used a laxative, ever use of a phenolphthalein-containing laxative was not associated with an increased risk of invasive ovarian cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75, 1.5) or of borderline ovarian cancer (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.37, 1.5). Total days used, mean number of pills per day and cumulative dose were also unrelated to risk.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides some assurance that phenolphthalein-containing laxatives do not increase the risk of ovarian cancer in humans. These findings are of particular importance to those countries in which phenolphthalein is still used in over-the-counter medications.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cathartics; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phenolphthalein; Risk Factors
PubMed: 14971121
DOI: 10.1002/pds.824 -
Luminescence : the Journal of... 2009The phenolphthalein-imprinted polymer was prepared with methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker. Taking advantage of...
The phenolphthalein-imprinted polymer was prepared with methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker. Taking advantage of the quenching effect of phenolphthalein on the potassium permanganate-HCl-anhydrous alcohol chemiluminescence system, a new model was established to determine phenolphthalein by a highly selective flow injection chemiluminescence method. The traditional flow-though cell was replaced with a novel flow path using a Y-shaped polymethyl methacrylate column, through which the three reactants were injected simultaneously. The linear range of this assay was from 1.0 x 10(-8) to 1.0 x 10(-6) g/mL (r = 0.9978). The limit of detection was 8.9 x 10(-9) g/mL. The relative standard deviation for the determination of 1.0 x 10(-8) g/mL phenolphthalein solution was below 2.9% (n = 11). The proposed method was applied to the determination of phenolphthalein in real samples with satisfactory results.
Topics: Flow Injection Analysis; Limit of Detection; Luminescent Measurements; Molecular Imprinting; Phenolphthalein; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 19557768
DOI: 10.1002/bio.1135 -
Acta Medica Italica Di Malattie... Apr 1950
Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Phenolphthalein
PubMed: 15425326
DOI: No ID Found