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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic severely mutilating disease caused by fungi of the order . Classically, has been listed among these etiologic agents. This species is...
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic severely mutilating disease caused by fungi of the order . Classically, has been listed among these etiologic agents. This species is known to occur in the environment and has been found to cause other infections like phaeohyphomycosis, while reported cases of chromoblastomycosis are scant. is phylogenetically diverse, and thus retrospective confirmation of etiology is necessary. We studied ten proven cases of chromoblastomycosis from Mexico and further analyzed the population genetics and genomics of the species to understand their pathogenicity and predilection. The clinical strains were molecularly identified as ( = 4), ( = 4), and ( = 2). No genetic distinction between clinical and environmental strains was possible. Further analysis of strains from diverse origins are needed to address eventual differences in virulence and niche predilection between the species.
PubMed: 33572699
DOI: 10.3390/jof7020095 -
Retinal Cases & Brief Reports May 2023To report a rare case of a subretinal Phialophora richardsiae abscess in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
PURPOSE
To report a rare case of a subretinal Phialophora richardsiae abscess in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
METHODS
A 21-year-old male with CGD and a history of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis presented with progressive loss of vision and pain in his left eye. He was found to have a subretinal abscess with a macula involving serous retinal detachment. A diagnostic and therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal biopsy with debridment, inferior retinectomy and silicone oil tamponade was performed. Intraoperative cultures grew Pleurostoma (Phialophora) richardsiae. He was treated with systemic liposomal amphotericin B and high-dose Posaconazole. However, eye eventually required enucleation.
RESULTS
Preoperative visual acuity (VA) was light perception on the left eye and improved to count fingers at 4 weeks post-operative. However, VA rapidly declined to light perception, he developed an opaque white cataract, iris neovascularization, posterior synechiae, and corectopia. The retina remained attached under silicone oil. Histopathology revealed granuloma formation and active fungal elements.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
The case supports the importance of vitreoretinal surgery to determine a definitive systemic diagnosis. Treatment of Phialophora infection is surgically challenging to manage and has a poor visual prognosis in patients with CGD.
PubMed: 37267629
DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000001442 -
Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1988Phialophora richardsiae infection in humans is rare. The first human isolate was recovered from a patient with a phaeomycotic cyst in 1968. Since 1975 seven other cases... (Review)
Review
Phialophora richardsiae infection in humans is rare. The first human isolate was recovered from a patient with a phaeomycotic cyst in 1968. Since 1975 seven other cases have appeared in the world literature, and an additional case is reported here. The mean age of these nine patients was 61.4 years. Two patients had diabetes mellitus, one had diabetes mellitus and disseminated adrenocortical carcinoma, and one had a myeloproliferative disorder. The mode of acquisition was presumed to be inoculation with contaminated plant material, but a history consistent with an inoculation injury was obtained in only four patients and a retained splinter was found in the lesion of only one patient. Infection with P. richardsiae was not associated with systemic symptoms or signs. Six patients presented with a single subcutaneous cystic granulomatous lesion. One patient had chronic dacryocystitis. More extensive or invasive disease occurred in two patients, both with an ultimately fatal underlying neoplastic process. A specific etiologic diagnosis was made by culture of purulent material obtained by excisional biopsy in six patients, incision and drainage in one patient, aspiration in one, and spontaneous drainage in one. Subcutaneous nodules were cured with surgical excision. There is insufficient information concerning antifungal therapy to recommend its use.
Topics: Female; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Phialophora
PubMed: 3060948
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/10.6.1195 -
Veterinary Dermatology Oct 2022Phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in a 6-year-old, male castrated Dachshund on immunosuppressive treatment. The fungus was identified by culture and PCR as Phialophora...
Phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in a 6-year-old, male castrated Dachshund on immunosuppressive treatment. The fungus was identified by culture and PCR as Phialophora americana. This is the first reported case of infection with this pathogen in a dog. The infection was successfully managed medically, without surgical intervention.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Male; Phaeohyphomycosis; Phialophora
PubMed: 35641851
DOI: 10.1111/vde.13096 -
JAAD Case Reports Oct 2022
PubMed: 36117779
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.07.047 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Case... Mar 2023To report the initial case of microbial keratitis caused by , a rare cause of fungal keratitis.
PURPOSE
To report the initial case of microbial keratitis caused by , a rare cause of fungal keratitis.
OBSERVATIONS
A 66-year-old gentleman with a complex right eye (OD) ocular history including herpes simplex virus infectious epithelial keratitis with subsequent neurotrophic keratopathy, and prior combined and fungal keratitis presented with pain OD in the absence of an antecedent trauma. The patient was found to have a filamentous fungal keratitis, which was subsequently cultured and identified as by the laboratory. Despite topical and oral antifungal treatment based on sensitivities determined by the lab, the patient ultimately required intrastromal and subconjunctival antifungal injections, corneal crosslinking, and superficial keratectomy with amniotic membrane to clinically improve. The fungal keratitis recurred twice, with each occurrence rapidly progressing to corneal perforation. Months after the second penetrating keratoplasty, the patient's mental status declined due to multiorgan failure. An occult pulmonary malignancy was discovered during this hospital stay, and the patient was lost to follow-up after entering hospice.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE
We report a unique case of fungal keratitis caused by and the subsequent management, including both medical and surgical interventions Despite a multimodal treatment regimen, this case demonstrates the recalcitrant and potentially recurrent nature of fungal keratitis caused by .
PubMed: 36714019
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101800 -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Jan 1975This is the first reported case of fungal endocarditis due to vegetative growth of Phialophora mutabilis on a prosthetic mitral valve. The patient had rheumatic heart...
This is the first reported case of fungal endocarditis due to vegetative growth of Phialophora mutabilis on a prosthetic mitral valve. The patient had rheumatic heart disease with mitral and aortic stenosis. Four months after the mitral and aortic valves had been replaced by prostheses the patient developed congestive failure. Because of increased left atrial pressure, the mitral prosthesis was replaced. A large matted obstructive fungal vegetation was found on the prosthesis. Culture of this vegetation grew Phialophora mutabilis. The patient died postoperatively, and at autopsy the fungus was not found in other tissues. Culturally and morphologically, P. mutabilis shows wide variation in pigmentation, colonial and microscopic appearance. Conidia formation from intercalary cells along the hyphae is somewhat similar to that of Aureobasidium spp. P. mutabilis was injected into mice. Mice pretreated with cortisone died 3 to 5 weeks after intraperitoneal inoculation, while the majority of untreated mice died within 20 weeks of inoculation.
Topics: Animals; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Autopsy; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Cardiac Catheterization; Cells, Cultured; Chloramphenicol; Complement Fixation Tests; Cortisone; Culture Media; Cycloheximide; Electrocardiography; Endocarditis; Female; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Phialophora; Postoperative Complications; Virulence
PubMed: 803342
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/63.3.120 -
Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1989A case of recurrent systemic infection caused by Phialophora parasitica occurred in an elderly woman and over a 4-year period was documented (either clinically or at... (Review)
Review
A case of recurrent systemic infection caused by Phialophora parasitica occurred in an elderly woman and over a 4-year period was documented (either clinically or at autopsy) to involve two sites on the chest wall, the hip, the vertebral body, and the aorta. The infection was treated with intravenous amphotericin B and a subsequent course of terbinafine. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of disseminated infection by P. parasitica with systemic involvement as well as of its treatment with terbinafine. The literature on human infection caused by P. parasitica, which is rare and has occurred in both normal and compromised hosts and with and without antecedent trauma, was reviewed; problems encountered both in the laboratory identification of P. parasitica and in therapy were assessed.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Female; Humans; Mycoses; Naphthalenes; Phialophora; Recurrence; Terbinafine
PubMed: 2682949
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/11.5.770 -
Australian and New Zealand Journal of... Aug 1995A corneal fungal ulcer which appeared to be quite superficial clinically, was found by histologic examination to unexpectedly involve the full thickness of the cornea.
BACKGROUND
A corneal fungal ulcer which appeared to be quite superficial clinically, was found by histologic examination to unexpectedly involve the full thickness of the cornea.
METHODS
A patient with an apparent superficial corneal fungal ulcer due to Phialophora species was resistant to topical and intravenous antifungal therapy.
RESULTS
Penetrating keratoplasty cured the condition with retention of normal vision with a follow-up of two years.
CONCLUSIONS
If keratomycosis is unresponsive to topical and intravenous antifungal therapy, penetrating keratoplasty may be required to eliminate the infection. Resistance to medical therapy might suggest presence of fungus far deeper in the cornea than suspected clinically.
Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Cornea; Corneal Transplantation; Corneal Ulcer; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Natamycin; Phialophora
PubMed: 8534449
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1995.tb00162.x -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 1991
Topics: Adult; Corneal Diseases; Corneal Injuries; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Male; Phialophora; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 1957912
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77283-6