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Persoonia Jun 2017as defined by its type species is a genus of , and a member of the group known as 'black yeasts and relatives'. has been reported from mutilating human infections...
as defined by its type species is a genus of , and a member of the group known as 'black yeasts and relatives'. has been reported from mutilating human infections such as chromoblastomycosis, disseminated phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma, while morphologically similar fungi are rather commonly isolated from the environment. Phenotypes are insufficient for correct species identification, and molecular data have revealed significant genetic variation within the complex of species currently identified as or . Multilocus analysis of 118 strains revealed the existence of five reproductively isolated species apparently having different infectious potentials. Strains of the sexual morph cluster within . The newly defined taxa differ markedly in their predilection for the human host.
PubMed: 29151624
DOI: 10.3767/003158517X692779 -
American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle... Nov 2013Deep joint infection is one of the most feared complications following total joint replacement. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with 2-staged revision is currently the... (Review)
Review
Deep joint infection is one of the most feared complications following total joint replacement. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with 2-staged revision is currently the gold standard for treatment. We report a case of a chronic infection following total knee replacement caused by Phialophora verrucosa, a form of dematiaceous fungus. The patient was treated with an antibiotic spacer and a course of oral anti-fungal agents. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of P verrucosa as a cause of infection in hip or knee arthroplasty.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Phialophora; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 24340322
DOI: No ID Found -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Oct 2014Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The infection usually results from a traumatic injury and inoculation of... (Review)
Review
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The infection usually results from a traumatic injury and inoculation of microorganism from a specific group of dematiaceous fungi (usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora carrionii). In the tissues fungi produce characteristic sclerotic cells or muriform cells. Dermal lesions can range from small nodules to large papillary-like eruptions. The disease has been described worldwide but the prevalence is higher in rural populations in countries with a tropical or subtropical climate, such as Madagascar in Africa and Brazil in South America. Diagnostic techniques are based on direct examination, culture and histopathology. Despite a variety of treatment modalities, which include long courses of antifungals, surgical excision and destructive physical therapies, the disease remains one of the most difficult deep mycotic infections to eradicate.
PubMed: 25395928
DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2014.40949 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Mar 2012
Review
Topics: Aged; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Caspofungin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echinocandins; Endophthalmitis; Eye Enucleation; Eye Infections, Fungal; Glaucoma; Humans; Hypertension; Intravitreal Injections; Lipopeptides; Male; Phialophora; Pyrimidines; Triazoles; Vitrectomy; Voriconazole
PubMed: 22296814
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.10.012 -
Mycopathologia Apr 2013We report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Phialophora verrucosa in a 64-year-old Chinese farmer suffering from CD4+ lymphopenia. He presented with... (Review)
Review
We report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Phialophora verrucosa in a 64-year-old Chinese farmer suffering from CD4+ lymphopenia. He presented with diffuse and infiltrated plaques involving the entire face including the eyes, neck, occiput, and extending to the dorsal regions of his torso. The patient is notable for the discrete multifocal nature of the illness in the absence of disseminated infection and rarity of P. verrucosa as a cause of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis.
Topics: Agriculture; Antifungal Agents; Asian People; DNA, Fungal; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Itraconazole; Lymphopenia; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Naphthalenes; Phaeohyphomycosis; Phialophora; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Terbinafine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23392822
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9626-3 -
Mycopathologia Jun 2021Phialophora verrucosa (P. verrucosa) is a pathogen that can cause chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils can produce...
Phialophora verrucosa (P. verrucosa) is a pathogen that can cause chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils can produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that can protect against invasive pathogens. As such, we herein explored the in vitro functional importance of P. verrucosa-induced NET formation. By assessing the co-localization of neutrophil elastase and DNA, we were able to confirm the formation of classical NETs entrapping P. verrucosa specimens. Sytox Green was then used to stain these NETs following neutrophil infection with P. verrucosa in order to quantify the formation of these extracellular structures. NET formation was induced upon neutrophil exposure to both live, UV-inactivated, and dead P. verrucosa fungi. The ability of these NETs to kill fungal hyphae and conidia was demonstrated through MTT and pouring plate assays, respectively. Overall, our results confirmed that P. verrucosa was able to trigger the production of NETs, suggesting that these extracellular structures may represent an important innate immune effector mechanism controlling physiological responses to P. verrucosa infection, thereby aiding in pathogen control during the acute phases of infection.
Topics: Extracellular Traps; Humans; Hyphae; Neutrophils; Phialophora
PubMed: 34013384
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00554-0 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2020
PubMed: 31992652
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01657-18 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022-related inherited immune disorders are a major risk factor for chronic disseminated fungal infection. In addition to pathogens of and dermatophytes, the environmental...
-related inherited immune disorders are a major risk factor for chronic disseminated fungal infection. In addition to pathogens of and dermatophytes, the environmental opportunists of the black yeast-like fungi are relatively frequent in this patient cohort. Particularly the genus is overrepresented. We investigated two isolates of a strain of residing in a patient, sampled with a period of ten years apart. Genomes, melanization and antifungal susceptibility of progenitor and derived strains were compared, and potential adaptation to the host habitat was investigated with proteomic techniques using post-translational modification as a proxy. Global lactylation analysis was performed using high accuracy nano-LC-MS/MS in combination with enrichment of lactylated peptides from digested cell lysates, and subsequent peptide identification. The genome of the derived isolate had accumulated 6945 SNPs, of which 31 were detected in CDS. A large number of identified proteins were significantly enriched, e.g. in melanin biosynthesis. A total of 636 lactylation sites on 420 lactylated proteins were identified, which contained in 26 types of modification motifs. Lysine lactylation (Kla) was found in 23 constituent proteins of the ribosome, indicating an impact of Kla in protein synthesis. Twelve lactylated proteins participated in pathogenicity. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggested that protein lactylations are widely distributed influencing various biological processes. Our findings reveal widespread roles for lysine lactylation in regulating metabolism and melanin biosynthesis in black fungi. Several large rearrangements and inversions were observed in the genome, but genomic changes could not be linked to adaptation or to known clinically relevant properties of progenitor to derived isolate; antifungal susceptibility had largely remained unaltered.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Lysine; Melanins; Phialophora; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36003392
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966457 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic severely mutilating disease caused by fungi of the order . Classically, has been listed among these etiologic agents. This species is...
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic severely mutilating disease caused by fungi of the order . Classically, has been listed among these etiologic agents. This species is known to occur in the environment and has been found to cause other infections like phaeohyphomycosis, while reported cases of chromoblastomycosis are scant. is phylogenetically diverse, and thus retrospective confirmation of etiology is necessary. We studied ten proven cases of chromoblastomycosis from Mexico and further analyzed the population genetics and genomics of the species to understand their pathogenicity and predilection. The clinical strains were molecularly identified as ( = 4), ( = 4), and ( = 2). No genetic distinction between clinical and environmental strains was possible. Further analysis of strains from diverse origins are needed to address eventual differences in virulence and niche predilection between the species.
PubMed: 33572699
DOI: 10.3390/jof7020095 -
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and... Dec 2020causes several fungal human diseases, mainly chromoblastomycosis, which is extremely difficult to treat. Several studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus...
causes several fungal human diseases, mainly chromoblastomycosis, which is extremely difficult to treat. Several studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus peptidase inhibitors (HIV-PIs) are attractive candidates for antifungal therapies. This work focused on studying the action of HIV-PIs on peptidase activity secreted by and their effects on fungal proliferation and macrophage interaction. We detected a peptidase activity from able to cleave albumin, sensitive to pepstatin A and HIV-PIs, especially lopinavir, ritonavir and amprenavir, showing for the first time that this fungus secretes aspartic-type peptidase. Furthermore, lopinavir, ritonavir and nelfinavir reduced the fungal growth, causing remarkable ultrastructural alterations. Lopinavir and ritonavir also affected the conidia-macrophage adhesion and macrophage killing. Interestingly, had its growth inhibited by ritonavir combined with either itraconazole or ketoconazole. Collectively, our results support the antifungal action of HIV-PIs and their relevance as a possible alternative therapy for fungal infections.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Aspartic Acid Proteases; Carbamates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Furans; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Humans; Lopinavir; Macrophages; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Phialophora; Ritonavir; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 32037904
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1724994