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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Neutrophils are the first leukocytes recruited to the site of infection and are thought to be responsible for fungal elimination from the skin such as dermatophytes....
Neutrophils are the first leukocytes recruited to the site of infection and are thought to be responsible for fungal elimination from the skin such as dermatophytes. Neutrophils are able to secrete reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that can kill different fungi, including , spp., , and . However, NET production in response to , the main etiologic agent of dermatophytosis, has yet to be studied. We demonstrated that human neutrophils produce NETs against different morphotypes of in a dose-dependent manner and NET formation is dependent on ROS production. In addition, ROS production by human neutrophils in response to is dependent on NADPH oxidase, but not on fungal viability. NETs mediated killing of Collectively, these results demonstrate that was able to trigger the production of NETs, suggesting that these extracellular structures may represent an important innate immune effector mechanism controlling physiological response to infection.
PubMed: 35205902
DOI: 10.3390/jof8020147 -
Mycoses Nov 2005We report on a severe, verrucous facial mycosis and sinusitis in a 12-year-old Libyan girl. Her disease started with verrucous, hyperkeratotic plaques and subcutaneous...
We report on a severe, verrucous facial mycosis and sinusitis in a 12-year-old Libyan girl. Her disease started with verrucous, hyperkeratotic plaques and subcutaneous violet nodules of unknown origin on her face and upper extremities. Despite topical antimycotic therapy she needed in-hospital treatment because of severely progressive tumorous cutaneous and nasal lesions. Microscopic examination of scale samples taken from the upper extremities and the face revealed brown, thick-walled fungal elements. Under the assumption of a chromoblastomycosis, an oral treatment with itraconazole and fluorocytosin was initiated, with significant improvement of the lesions. The aetiological agent was identified as Phialophora verrucosa.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Child; Chromoblastomycosis; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Face; Female; Humans; Itraconazole; Libya; Phialophora; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Sinusitis; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 16262887
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01150.x -
Acta Cytologica 1986A 34-year-old woman on immunosuppressive therapy presented with a subcutaneous, cystic lesion on the dorsum of the right foot. Cytologic examination of material obtained...
A 34-year-old woman on immunosuppressive therapy presented with a subcutaneous, cystic lesion on the dorsum of the right foot. Cytologic examination of material obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) revealed a mixture of acute and granulomatous inflammation as well as brown-pigmented fungi in the form of budding yeast, pseudohyphae and septate hyphae. The findings suggested subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis (phaeomycotic cyst). Culture grew Phialophora verrucosa. The cytologic, histologic and cultural findings are given. This case demonstrates that phaeohyphomycosis can be diagnosed by FNA but that fungal culture is necessary to establish the identity of the etiologic agent. This appears to be the first case of P. verrucosa-induced subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis reported in the Western Hemisphere.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Dermatomycoses; Female; Foot Diseases; Humans; Phialophora; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 3461651
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Dermatology Mar 2005Chromoblastomycosis is a cutaneous and subcutaneous mycotic disease caused by the dematiaceous (black) fungi. Five species of fungi are known generally to be the cause:...
A case of chromoblastomycosis with an unusual clinical manifestation caused by Phialophora verrucosa on an unexposed area: treatment with a combination of amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine.
Chromoblastomycosis is a cutaneous and subcutaneous mycotic disease caused by the dematiaceous (black) fungi. Five species of fungi are known generally to be the cause: Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii, F. compacta and Rhinocladiella cerphilum. In infected tissue they can appear as pigmented sclerotic bodies, commonly called 'copper pennies', which are pathognomonic of chromoblastomycosis. The infection usually occurs through traumatic skin inoculation, with the majority of lesions occurring on the feet and legs of outdoor workers. We report a patient in whom the lesions had begun on the right breast, which is an unexposed area, without a history of trauma. A uniform, reliable treatment does not exist but our patient was mycologically cured with the use of amphotericin B and the subsequent combination of 5-flucytosine and itraconazole.
Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Breast Diseases; Chromoblastomycosis; Dermatomycoses; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Flucytosine; Humans; Phialophora
PubMed: 15787829
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06424.x -
The Journal of Infection Jan 1998We report the first well documented case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic infection caused by Phialophora verrucosa in India. Examination of the biopsied tissue from an...
We report the first well documented case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic infection caused by Phialophora verrucosa in India. Examination of the biopsied tissue from an ulcerating lesion on the shin of the left leg of a 45-year-old woman from Bombay, India, showed numerous dematiaceous, septate, branching hyphal elements and thick-walled cells characteristic of phaeohyphomycosis. Cultures of the scrapings from the lesion and of the biopsied tissue yielded a pigmented fungus that was identified as P. verrucosa. Initial treatment with fluconazole followed by oral itraconazole for 30 days and local application of a copper sulphate solution resulted in complete resolution of the lesion. Treatment with itraconazole was continued for an additional 3 months after complete healing. No new lesions developed and the patient did not show jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly or any other signs of toxicity.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Itraconazole; Leg Ulcer; Middle Aged; Phialophora; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 9515684
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(98)93666-0 -
Sabouraudia Jul 1974
Topics: Amino Acids; Cell Wall; Chromatography, Paper; Culture Media; Cytoplasm; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Manganese; Melanins; Nitrogen; Phialophora; Polymorphism, Genetic; Radioisotopes; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Spores, Fungal; Temperature
PubMed: 4851175
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Mar 2018Phaeohyphomycosis is a group of severe infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. We previously identified CARD9 deficiencies in four Chinese patients with...
Phaeohyphomycosis is a group of severe infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. We previously identified CARD9 deficiencies in four Chinese patients with phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora verrucosa. In this study, we sought to identify the genetic and immunological mechanisms underlying rare dematiaceous fungal infections in three otherwise healthy patients with phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala spinifera, Ochroconis musae, and Corynespora cassiicola. CARD9 sequencing in these patients showed one mutation (p.S23X) that, to our knowledge, has not been characterized and two previously characterized mutations (p.D274fsX60 and p.L64fsX59) that led to lack of CARD9 protein expression. Patient-derived CARD9-deficient cells showed a selective impairment of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, NF-κB activation, and T helper type 22- and T helper type 17-associated responses upon fungus-specific stimulation, whereas phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production were intact. Consistently, Card9-knockout mice were highly susceptible to phaeohyphomycosis and exhibited immune deficiencies similar to those of patients, including diminished NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation in local and in vitro functional studies. This work clarifies the association between inherited CARD9 deficiencies and phaeohyphomycosis, and furthers current knowledge on the spectrum and pathophysiology of diseases resulting from CARD9 deficiencies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous; Chemokines; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Middle Aged; Mutation; NF-kappa B; Neutrophil Infiltration; Phaeohyphomycosis
PubMed: 29080677
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.009 -
Mycopathologia Jan 1982Antigenic substances were prepared from culture filtrates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Wangiella dermatitidis and Exophiala jeanselmei. These antigenic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Evaluation of skin test for chromoblastomycosis using antigens prepared from culture filtrates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Wangiella dermatitidis and Exophiala jeanselmei.
Antigenic substances were prepared from culture filtrates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Wangiella dermatitidis and Exophiala jeanselmei. These antigenic substances were evaluated for detecting cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in rats experimentally-infected with F. pedrosoi, P. verrucosa. W. dermatitidis, E. jeanselmei, Cladosporium carrionii and Fonsecaea compactum and in patients with chromoblastomycosis caused by F. pedrosoi. The F. pedrosoi antigen elicited positive reactions in all of the animals infected with F. pedrosoi and in 5 of 6 patients. The P. verrucosa, W. dermatitidis and E. jeanselmei antigens elicited positive reactions in all of the animals infected with the homologous species. These antigens displayed cross-reactivity in some of the animals and patients, whereas more than half of them exhibited positive reactions only to the antigens prepared from the homologous species. These results suggest that a delayed-type skin test using the antigens prepared by the authors may be useful not only for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis but also for the identification of species of the causative agent.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Fungal; Chromoblastomycosis; Cross Reactions; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Phialophora; Rats; Skin Tests
PubMed: 7070478
DOI: 10.1007/BF00588659 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 2018Our studies showed that a combination of amphotericin B and terbinafine had synergistic effects against the majority of melanized fungi associated with...
Our studies showed that a combination of amphotericin B and terbinafine had synergistic effects against the majority of melanized fungi associated with chromoblastomycosis (CBM) and similar infections, including those with , , , , , , , and This drug combination could provide an option for the treatment of severe or unresponsive cases of CBM, particularly in cases due to species of and .
Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Chromoblastomycosis; Exophiala; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phialophora; Terbinafine
PubMed: 29581111
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00270-18 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Apr 1989Lipase activity was demonstrable titrimetrically in the culture filtrates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Phialophora verrucosa on the 6th day of incubation reaching a peak on...
Lipase activity was demonstrable titrimetrically in the culture filtrates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Phialophora verrucosa on the 6th day of incubation reaching a peak on the 15th and 12th days respectively for the two fungi. Purified lipases of F. pedrosoi and P. verrucosa, with specific activities of 36.0 and 39.4 fold increase respectively, were obtained by cold acetone extraction, gel filtration followed by ion exchange chromatography. The lipases had the same optimum pH (5.5) and temperature (35 degrees C). The molecular weights of the lipases of F. pedrosoi and P. verrucosa, estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, were 25,000 and 20,000, respectively and the enzymes showed broad substrate specificity. The possible role of lipase in the pathogenesis of infection caused by the fungi is discussed.
Topics: Electrophoresis, Disc; Enzyme Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Lipolysis; Mitosporic Fungi; Molecular Weight; Phialophora; Substrate Specificity; Temperature
PubMed: 2729958
DOI: 10.1007/BF00398510