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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1986Exoantigens from 10-day-old cultures of 100 isolates of pathogenic and saprophytic dematiaceous fungi were analyzed by the exoantigen test. Antisera to Cladosporium...
Exoantigens from 10-day-old cultures of 100 isolates of pathogenic and saprophytic dematiaceous fungi were analyzed by the exoantigen test. Antisera to Cladosporium bantianum ATCC 10958, Fonsecaea pedrosoi CDC AMO-B06, and Phialophora verrucosa CDC AMO-C12 were prepared in New Zealand rabbits immunized with soluble antigens from 1-month-old cultures. Absorbed and nonabsorbed antisera and exoantigens from the same organisms were used as reference reagents. Serologic reactions were analyzed in terms of the presence or absence of lines of identity or nonidentity. These reactions allowed presumptive differentiation of C. bantianum, F. pedrosoi, and Phialophora verrucosa from other dematiaceous fungi, including Cladosporium spp. (28 isolates), Exophiala spp. (18 isolates), Fonsecaea spp. (17 isolates). Lecythophora hoffmannii (4 isolates), Phaeoannellomyces werneckii (3 isolates), Phialophora spp. (17 isolates), Wangiella dermatitidis (9 isolates), and Rhinocladiella spp. (4 isolates).
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Fungal; Cladosporium; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Phialophora; Rabbits
PubMed: 3084549
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.23.2.305-310.1986 -
Journal of Medical and Veterinary... 1995To determine the effects of sex steroid hormones on the growth of an aetiologic agent of chromoblastomycosis, we studied the dematiaceous fungus Phialophora verrucosa.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
To determine the effects of sex steroid hormones on the growth of an aetiologic agent of chromoblastomycosis, we studied the dematiaceous fungus Phialophora verrucosa. The in vitro growth of this species on culture media containing either progesterone, testosterone or oestradiol at various concentrations was assessed. Both progesterone and testosterone inhibited the growth of P. verrucosa, whereas oestradiol did not. In other experiments, fungal cytosolic fractions were obtained and steroid binding assays were performed. These studies showed that the presence of progesterone receptors possessed two binding sites as determined by Scatchard analysis, one of which has a high affinity to progesterone (Kd = 6.02 x 10(-8) M) with total binding sites of 120 fmol micrograms-1 protein. These findings suggest that the growth of P. verrucosa is regulated by steroid hormones and that the effect of progesterone could be mediated through fungal intracellular progesterone receptors.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Cytosol; Estradiol; Kinetics; Phialophora; Progesterone; Receptors, Progesterone; Testosterone
PubMed: 8531021
DOI: No ID Found -
Mycopathologia Oct 2016Dematiaceous fungi are a large group of pathogens that can cause a wide range of diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Based on our previous...
Dematiaceous fungi are a large group of pathogens that can cause a wide range of diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Based on our previous finding of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) mutations in patients with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora verrucosa (P. verrucosa), we further investigated the exact role of CARD9 in the pathogenesis of phaeohyphomycosis using Card9 knockout (Card9 KO) mice. We showed that Card9 KO mice are profoundly susceptible to P. verrucosa infection compared with wild-type mice, reflected by significantly more severe footpad swelling, higher fungal burden, lower survival, and systemic dissemination. The inability of Card9 KO mice to control P. verrucosa infection was associated with lack of Th17 differentiation and reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A levels in footpad homogenates. In vitro experiments showed a defect of fungal conidia killing and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in Card9 KO bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. Furthermore, ex vivo coculture and in vitro T cell differentiation assay demonstrated that Card9 signaling pathway acts indispensably on differentiation of Th17 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CARD9 mediate the innate immune and Th17-mediated adaptive immune responses against dematiaceous fungal infections at the early stage of infection.
Topics: Animals; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Colony Count, Microbial; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Macrophages; Mice, Knockout; Phaeohyphomycosis; Phialophora; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 27421992
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0029-0 -
Sabouraudia Nov 1970
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Ascomycota; Cross Reactions; Culture Media; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Rabbits; Species Specificity
PubMed: 4993154
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2019Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic granulomatous mycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi that affects cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. The standard antifungal drug...
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic granulomatous mycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi that affects cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. The standard antifungal drug for treatment is itraconazole, followed by terbinafine. However, cure rates vary from 15% to 80% when these drugs are used as monotherapy. A systematic review of the in vitro susceptibility of CBM agents to antifungal drugs, alone and in combination, was conducted using the Cochrane methodology. Forty-seven search terms were included in the PICOS method of searching electronic databases. The search resulted in 35 studies, of which 8 evaluated antifungal drugs in combination. Based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), posaconazole, terbinafine, itraconazole and voriconazole were, in descending order, the most effective antifungal drugs against CBM agents in vitro. In drug combination studies, only terbinafine-voriconazole and itraconazole-caspofungin showed 100% synergy for Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Exophiala jeanselmei and Phialophora verrucosa. However, none of the combinations studied showed antagonism.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoses
PubMed: 30266638
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.09.010 -
The Veterinary Record Jul 2005
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Diagnosis, Differential; Ear, External; Europe; Male; Phialophora; Urinalysis
PubMed: 16024677
DOI: 10.1136/vr.157.3.93 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Dec 2018Chromoblastomycosis is one of the most prevalent implantation fungal infections caused by melanized fungi, affecting individuals with certain risk factors with high...
Chromoblastomycosis is one of the most prevalent implantation fungal infections caused by melanized fungi, affecting individuals with certain risk factors with high morbidity due to its recalcitrant nature. It is difficult to identify the etiological agents and thus a suitable reproductive molecular identification method applicable in developing countries has been investigated. We report the identification of four different fungal causative agents of chromoblastomycosis by reverse line blotting hybridization (RLB) based on biotin-labeled PCR products and amine labeled probes to hybridize. Sixty five reference strains, including type strains, i.e. Fonsecaea pedrosoi, F. monophora, F. nubica, and Phialophora verrucosa, obtained from the CBS-KNAW were included in this study. Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) regions of relevant species were aligned and adjusted using BIONUMERICS v. 4.61 in order to design four specific probes to identify informative nucleotide polymorphisms. The final identification of these species by RLB assay was concordant with ITS sequencing and showed 100% specificity with no cross hybridization, able to identify all tested strains. The time and cost were less compare to other routine identification methods such as sequencing. This assay allows sensitive and specific simultaneous detection and identification of a different fungal species.
Topics: Ascomycota; Chromoblastomycosis; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotide Probes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 30194974
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.002 -
Journal of Clinical Immunology Apr 2016Chronic mucocutaneous or invasive fungal infections are generally the result of primary or secondary immune dysfunction. Patients with autosomal recessive CARD9...
Chronic mucocutaneous or invasive fungal infections are generally the result of primary or secondary immune dysfunction. Patients with autosomal recessive CARD9 mutations are also predisposed to recurrent mucocutaneous and invasive fungal infections with Candida spp., dermatophytes (e.g., Trichophyton spp.) and phaeohyphomycetes (Exophiala spp., Phialophora verrucosa). We study a consanguineous family of Turkish origin in which three members present with distinct clinical phenotypes of chronic mucocutaneous and invasive fungal infections, ranging from chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) in one patient, treatment-resistant cutaneous dermatophytosis and deep dermatophytosis in a second patient, to CMC with Candida encephalitis and endocrinopathy in a third patient. Two patients consented to genetic testing and were found to have a previously reported homozygous R70W CARD9 mutation. Circulating IL-17 and IL-22 producing T cells were decreased as was IL-6 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion upon stimulation with Candida albicans. Patients with recurrent fungal infections in the absence of known immunodeficiencies should be analyzed for CARD9 gene mutations as the cause of fungal infection predisposition.
Topics: CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Candida; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous; Child; Consanguinity; Female; Gene Expression; Genes, Recessive; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Homozygote; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; Invasive Fungal Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pedigree; T-Lymphocytes; Tinea; Trichophyton; Turkey; Interleukin-22
PubMed: 26961233
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0255-8 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Mar 1984Two cats with phaeohyphomycosis, one infected with Phialophora verrucosa and the other with Exophiala jeanselmei, were treated with ketaconazole alone and in combination...
Two cats with phaeohyphomycosis, one infected with Phialophora verrucosa and the other with Exophiala jeanselmei, were treated with ketaconazole alone and in combination with 5-fluorocytosine after recurrence of the infections following surgical excision. The drugs were given orally at various doses and for various lengths of time, but were ineffective. Hepatocellular damage occurred in one cat.
PubMed: 17422372
DOI: No ID Found -
Sabouraudia Jul 1974
Topics: Amino Acids; Carbohydrates; Catechol Oxidase; Cell Wall; Cell-Free System; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fungal Proteins; Glucosamine; Indicators and Reagents; Melanins; Phialophora; Solubility
PubMed: 4211867
DOI: No ID Found