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Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi... Dec 2006Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most essential factors to cause cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Abundant experience has been acquired in treatment of AS by... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most essential factors to cause cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Abundant experience has been acquired in treatment of AS by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with its own distinctive diagnostic and therapeutic principles. To expell phlegm and relieve blood stasis, a hot topic of TCM therapeutic principle for AS, is reviewed in this paper.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Blood Circulation; Diagnosis, Differential; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytotherapy; Syndrome
PubMed: 17205830
DOI: No ID Found -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease with a long course which is often induced by an acute exacerbation of the disease by a respiratory...
Zhuye Shigao Decoction Combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills in Alleviating the Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Phlegm-Heat Stagnating in the Lungs) via the IL-6-Mediated JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease with a long course which is often induced by an acute exacerbation of the disease by a respiratory tract infection. We aimed to explore the effect of Zhuye Shigao Decoction combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills on the regulation of the interleukin (IL)-6-mediated JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats with an acute exacerbation of COPD (phlegm-heat stagnating in the lungs). A model of COPD rats with lung phlegm-heat stagnation was established by smoking and intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal control, model control, three doses of herbs group, and three doses of herbs + itacitinib groups. The lung function indexes were measured by using a lung function tester, and changes in pathological features of all groups were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The mRNA expression and protein expression levels in lung tissues were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. Following treatment, IL-6 expression in lung tissues was significantly reduced compared with the model group. The results demonstrated that the medication was effective in alleviating the persistent airflow limitation and pathological features in COPD rats. Expression of JAK1/STAT3 in lung tissues was remarkably decreased. The JAK1/STAT3 pathway was inhibited, while SOCS3 expression was upregulated in the drug-treated groups compared with model control. However, after the addition of itacitinib (JAK1 inhibitor), the efficacy in each group was evidently impaired compared with herbs alone. Taken together, Zhuye Shigao Decoction combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills could improve the persistent airflow limitation and reduce lung inflammation and pathological changes of COPD possibly by regulating the expression of the IL-6-mediated JAK1/STAT3 pathway.
PubMed: 35571736
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7942623 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2020This was a population-based cohort study, to compare the type and structure of intestinal flora in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with phlegm-dampness...
OBJECTIVE
This was a population-based cohort study, to compare the type and structure of intestinal flora in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with phlegm-dampness syndrome, nonphlegm-dampness syndrome, and normal population. Besides, changes in the intestinal flora and the clinical curative effects of Jiawei Qi Gong Wan on phlegm-dampness syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were evaluated. . A total of 22 patients with PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome, 21 PCOS patients with nonphlegm-dampness syndrome, and 20 control volunteers were selected for this study. The general index, sex hormone index, fasting blood glucose (FPG), and serum fasting insulin (FINS) were determined in each of the groups. The intestinal flora of each group was determined by the 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing technique. Besides, the PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome group was treated with Jiawei Qi Gong Wan, and the changes in TCM syndrome, sex hormone index, BMI, WHR, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and intestinal flora were determined before and after treatment.
RESULTS
PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome showed characteristics of obesity and insulin resistance. There were several differences in both structure and function of the intestinal flora between PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome, PCOS patients with nonphlegm-dampness syndrome, and the control group. An imbalance in the intestinal flora may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome and also has a specific influence on glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity, and the menstrual cycle in PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome. Besides, the imbalance is associated with a decrease in the number of butyrate-producing bacteria, an increase in the number of lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria, and an increase in proinflammatory bacteria. The intestinal flora in PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome was found to be linked to obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperandrogenemia. Treatment with Jiawei Qi Gong Wan was found to increase the diversity of intestinal flora, increase the number of intestinal probiotics, and improve the structure and functional genes of intestinal flora which improved the state of insulin resistance, regulated endocrine metabolism, and improved the overall symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Intestinal flora imbalance is a key factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome. Besides, Jiawei Qi Gong Wan improves insulin resistance which is linked to the status of the intestinal flora in PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome.
PubMed: 33062017
DOI: 10.1155/2020/6389034 -
Emergency Medicine International 2022The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of moxibustion combined with an ear acupoint pressing bean in the treatment of patients with phlegm stasis syndrome...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of moxibustion combined with an ear acupoint pressing bean in the treatment of patients with phlegm stasis syndrome vertigo.
METHODS
60 patients with vertigo identified as phlegm stasis syndrome who were hospitalized in our department from May 2020 to May 2021 were selected and divided into a control group and a treatment group of 30 cases each according to the random number method. The control group was treated with conventional treatment and care, and the treatment group was treated with moxibustion combined with ear acupressing beans on top of the conventional group. The treatment effects, the dizziness disorder inventory (DHI), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Hamilton anxiety score (HAMA), TCM symptom score, and blood flow parameters (left vertebral artery flow velocity (LVA), right vertebral artery flow velocity (RVA), and basilar artery flow velocity (BA)) of the two groups were compared with each other during and after the treatment.
RESULTS
After implementation, the treatment efficiency of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group, and the treatment group had lower PSQI, HAMA, and DHI scores as well as TCM symptom scores such as vertigo, head heavy as a wrap, chest tightness, and nausea and vomiting than the control group ( < 0.05). In addition, LVA, RVA, and BA were all higher in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Moxibustion combined with ear acupoint pressing bean treatment can clearly improve patients' sleep quality, psychological state, relieve patients' various symptoms caused by vertigo, improve blood flow parameters, and have better efficacy in the treatment of phlegm stasis syndrome vertigo.
PubMed: 35592655
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4295423 -
Disease Markers 2019In this paper, we used tongue coating to obtain metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic renal failure (CRF). The metabolites were analyzed...
In this paper, we used tongue coating to obtain metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic renal failure (CRF). The metabolites were analyzed to discover the substance that serves as the underlying basis of the damp phlegm pattern. This analysis is based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory of "different diseases have the same pattern." The metabolic spectrum was obtained through the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry coupling techniques and analyzed by searching the METLIN and HMDB databases. Some metabolites related to amino acids and glucose metabolism were identified in the tongue-coating samples from damp phlegm pattern patients by comparing them to nondamp phlegm pattern patients and healthy subjects. In addition, there were five common metabolites in the tongue-coating samples from CHD damp phlegm pattern patients compared to CRF damp phlegm pattern patients, which allowed us to understand the theory of "different diseases have the same pattern." In the future, the metabolites identified in this study may be used as noninvasive and convenient biomarkers to distinguish the damp phlegm pattern of CHD and CRF patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acids; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Coronary Disease; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Metabolome; Middle Aged; Tongue; Wettability
PubMed: 31583028
DOI: 10.1155/2019/4106293 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Dec 2012To explore the plasma metabolite profiles in patients with the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (As), and to search for the...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the plasma metabolite profiles in patients with the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (As), and to search for the metabolic biomarkers of the syndrome.
METHODS
The plasma metabolite profiles of 31 patients with the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis in hyperlipidemia and As, 6 patients with syndromes without phlegm and blood stasis, and 10 healthy subjects were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Partial least squares-discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) were used to carry out the pattern-recognition analyses of the data. The plasma metabolic biomarkers of patients were obtained by variable importance plot value (VIP value) and Student's t-test. The structures of biomarkers were defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database.
RESULTS
PLS-DA score plots of plasma metabolomes did not show overlap between the phlegm-blood stasis syndrome group and syndromes without phlegm and blood stasis group, whereas significant differences in the concentrations in the plasma of 5 metabolites were found (P < 0.05). They were identified as urine, isoleucine, glucuronic acid, palmitic acid and glycerol by searching in NIST database. The concentrations of four metabolites in the plasma of patients with syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis were higher than those with syndromes without phlegm and blood stasis, whereas the glycerol concentration was lower.
CONCLUSION
Compared with patients with syndromes without phlegm and blood stasis, five metabolites showed abnormal levels in patients with the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis. These metabolites could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Plasma; Sputum
PubMed: 23427392
DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60074-6 -
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022Carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) is one of the leading causes of cerebral infarction. Western medicine usually uses lipid-lowering drugs to stabilize plaques....
Acupuncture Combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drug Therapy for the Treatment of Cerebral Infarction (Phlegm-Blood Stasis Syndrome) and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Study.
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) is one of the leading causes of cerebral infarction. Western medicine usually uses lipid-lowering drugs to stabilize plaques. Currently, studies reporting on drugs that can reduce plaques are lacking. Here, we performed a randomized controlled study to investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with drug therapy (TCM and Western) to treat cerebral infarction (phlegm-blood stasis syndrome) and CAP. The control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets (20 mg/d, po for 15 days). The treatment group received atorvastatin calcium tablets 20 mg, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions (two matured substance decoction plus peach kernel and Carthamus four substance decoction plus Chinese hawthorn fruit 20 g, gold theragran 20 g, and red yeast rice 3 g), and acupuncture therapy, once daily for 15 days as one treatment course. The patients' neurological deficit score, ultrasonic testing of the carotid artery, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were evaluated. Our findings showed no significant difference in the evaluated indices between the two groups before treatment ( > 0.05). However, compared with the control group after 15 days of treatment and within each group before and after treatment, the differences were significant ( < 0.05). In conclusion, acupuncture combined with drug therapy demonstrated promising effectiveness in treating cerebral infarction (phlegm-blood stasis syndrome) and CAP.
PubMed: 35756871
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5143408 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Community... Jun 1986In 1971-3 data on smoking habits, cigarette brand smoked, morning phlegm production, and lung function were recorded for factory workers as part of the Heart Disease... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
In 1971-3 data on smoking habits, cigarette brand smoked, morning phlegm production, and lung function were recorded for factory workers as part of the Heart Disease Prevention Project. These men were reassessed in 1984 and those who had always smoked cigarettes from the same tar group were compared with those who had dropped one tar group (mean decreases of 6.6 mg tar, 0.1 mg nicotine) and two tar groups (mean decreases of 11.9 mg tar, 0.5 mg nicotine). Over the 13 years, men who had dropped one tar group were significantly more likely (p less than 0.05) to stop producing phlegm, but the effect was less marked for those who had dropped two tar groups. The mean fall in FEV1 was similar in all three groups, but 95% confidence limits showed that although dropping one tar group could be associated with at most a saving of 84 ml over the follow up period, there could be little extra benefit from dropping two tar groups. In 1984, all three groups of smokers excreted similar amounts of nicotine metabolites in the urine, suggesting that men who had dropped two tar groups compensated for the reduced nicotine yield of their cigarettes. This could account for the lack of a dose response relationship between reduction in the tar yield of cigarettes and cessation of phlegm and fall in FEV1.
Topics: Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Mucus; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Tars; Nicotiana; United Kingdom
PubMed: 3746171
DOI: 10.1136/jech.40.2.110 -
Journal of Medical and Biological... 2020The aim of this study was to determine the effective biomechanical technique for suctioning phlegm.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to determine the effective biomechanical technique for suctioning phlegm.
METHODS
A novel tracheal suctioning simulator combined with a motion capture system was used to calculate the amount of simulated phlegm suctioned and the biomechanical parameters of the associated suctioning manoeuvre. A laboratory study, including 12 nurses with > 3 years of suctioning experience and 12 nursing students without any clinical suctioning experience, was conducted. The amount of phlegm suctioned, the maximum length of catheter insertion, and the biomechanical parameters of hand movement were calculated.
RESULTS
The mean amount of phlegm suctioned per second was significantly larger in the experienced group than in the non-experienced group. The amount of phlegm suctioned correlated positively with the length of the vertical path of motion of the wrist and forearm, and with the angular velocity of thumb rotation in both the groups.
CONCLUSION
Greater vertical motion of the wrist and thumb rotation improved the effectiveness of phlegm suctioning and prevented the need for deep suctioning, which is unsafe.
PubMed: 32421097
DOI: 10.1007/s40846-020-00521-y -
Emergency Medicine International 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4295423.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4295423.].
PubMed: 37663082
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9782943