-
Journal of Proteome Research Mar 2015Fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion has been proposed as a prenatal intervention to ameliorate congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) prognosis. Tracheal occlusion (TO)...
Fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion has been proposed as a prenatal intervention to ameliorate congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) prognosis. Tracheal occlusion (TO) prevents pulmonary fluid egress, leading to tissue expansion, reversal of lung hypoplasia, and potential maturation. Fetal lung maturity strongly correlates with amniotic fluid (AF) phospholipidic composition. In this preliminary study, we characterized the AF phospholipidic profile in CDH-induced, TO-treated, and healthy fetal lambs to define the prenatal treatment benefits of TO on lung maturity. CDH induction was performed at 70 days of gestation, TO was carried out at 102 days of gestation, and caesarean section was carried out at 136 days of gestation. AF samples, taken at 102-136 days of gestation, were evaluated using mass spectrometry. The analysis focused on phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs). The most abundant phosphatidylcholine species retrieved in healthy AF was POPC [PC(18:1/16:0)], while the level of DPPC [PC(16:0/16:0)] was extremely low at both gestational ages. CDH induction caused a decrease in POPC and many other PCs. A substantial return of some PCs, in particular POPC, PC(34:2) and PC(18:0/16:0), to a more physiological level was prompted by TO. SMs were unaltered. The AF phospholipidic profile could provide prenatal prognostic markers of CDH and possible indices of lung maturation after fetal treatment.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; Phospholipids; Sheep; Trachea
PubMed: 25625961
DOI: 10.1021/pr501120x -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2007This chapter describes the major issues that are involved in the statistical thermodynamics of phospholipid membranes at the atomic level. The ingredients going into... (Review)
Review
This chapter describes the major issues that are involved in the statistical thermodynamics of phospholipid membranes at the atomic level. The ingredients going into models of lipid bilayers are summarized: force fields, representation of long-range interactions, and boundary conditions. Next, the choice of thermodynamic ensembles, and the two main options for the generation of a representative sample of configurations: molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo are discussed. The final issue that is dealt with describes the various ways the generated ensembles can be analyzed.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Computer Simulation; Monte Carlo Method; Phospholipids; Thermodynamics
PubMed: 17951731
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-519-0_9 -
Diabetes/metabolism Reviews Aug 1989
Review
Topics: Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Models, Biological; Phospholipids; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 2667929
DOI: 10.1002/dmr.5610050504 -
The Biochemical Journal Jun 1963
Topics: Animals; Epididymis; Humans; Lecithins; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; Rats; Spermatozoa; Vas Deferens
PubMed: 13992589
DOI: 10.1042/bj0870507 -
Canadian Journal of Physiology and... Jun 2019Over the past decade, there has been intense investigation in trying to understand the pathological role that oxidized phospholipids play in cardiovascular disease.... (Review)
Review
Over the past decade, there has been intense investigation in trying to understand the pathological role that oxidized phospholipids play in cardiovascular disease. Phospholipids are targets for oxidation, particularly during conditions of excess free radical generation. Once oxidized, they acquire novel roles uncharacteristic of their precursors. Oxidized phosphatidylcholines have an important role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological conditions including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, lung disease, inflammation, and chronic alcohol consumption. Circulating oxidized phosphatidylcholine may also serve as a clinical biomarker. The focus of this review, therefore, will be to summarize existing evidence that oxidized phosphatidylcholine molecules play an important role in cardiovascular pathology.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipids
PubMed: 30444647
DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0490 -
Journal of Lipid Research Nov 1967The composition of the phospholipids and of the total phospholipid fatty acids was determined in the plasma of 10 normal subjects. In addition the fatty acid composition...
The composition of the phospholipids and of the total phospholipid fatty acids was determined in the plasma of 10 normal subjects. In addition the fatty acid composition of the plasma phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, lecithin, sphingomyelin, and lysolecithin of 6 of the subjects was measured. A wide array of fatty acids was found in the plasma total phospholipid similar to that found previously in red cell total phospholipid. The fatty acid composition in the plasma phospholipids of a given subject reflected that in his red cell phospholipids. Each individual phospholipid displayed a distinctive fatty acid pattern, which was generally similar to that of the corresponding phospholipid of red cells, although some marked differences in individual fatty acid levels between the corresponding phospholipids of plasma and red cells were evident. The high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids found in plasma lysolecithin suggests that this phospholipid did not arise entirely through the enzymatic cleavage of the -fatty acid of lecithin.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fasting; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Sphingomyelins
PubMed: 6057496
DOI: No ID Found -
Chemosphere Jul 1997Fatty acids derived from phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides were investigated from 33 taxonomically different organisms (bacteria, fungi and plant cells) known a...
Fatty acids derived from phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides were investigated from 33 taxonomically different organisms (bacteria, fungi and plant cells) known a priori to inhabit soil (except E. coli). The extended extraction procedure used, liberated non-ester-linked fatty acids in addition to ester-linked fatty acids, hydroxy substituted fatty acids in three different fractions. The amount of non-ester-linked fatty acids was as high as 70% of the total phospholipid fatty acids in some fungi and varied considerably in different organisms. The cis vaccenic acid constituted about 50% of phospholipid fatty acids in selected bacteria belonging to the alpha subclass of Proteobacteria. These fatty acids were not found in other selected organisms. A large amounts of branched chain fatty acids were found in various organisms. If the branching are localised on positions other than iso and anteiso they were strong indicators for gram positive bacteria. The cyclopropyl fatty acids are mainly localized in gram negative bacteria. The beta hydroxy fatty acid of the outer membrane are widespread among bacterial taxa and fungi. These fatty acids are not recommended to use as "signature" fatty acids for gram negative bacteria.
Topics: Bacteria; Fatty Acids; Fungi; Phospholipids; Plants; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 9232001
DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00155-0 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jan 1980The pattern of phospholipid synthesis during the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus has been determined. Although the phospholipid composition of swarmer and stalked...
The pattern of phospholipid synthesis during the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus has been determined. Although the phospholipid composition of swarmer and stalked cells was indistinguishable in continuously labeled cultures if the two cell types were pulse-labeled for a short time period, marked differences in the pattern of phospholipid synthesis were detected. Pulse-labeled swarmer cells exhibited a higher proportion of phosphatidic acid and a lower proportion of phosphatidylglycerol. In addition, minor phospholipids were detected in the swarmer cells that were not detected in stalked cells. Stalked cells that developed directly from swarmer cells showed that same phospholipid profile as the swarmer cells. The switch to the second phospholipid profile was observed to occur at the predivisional cell stage. Because cell division then yielded a swarmer cell with a different phospholipid profile than its sibling stalked cell, the cell division process may trigger a mechanism which alters the pattern of phospholipid synthesis.
Topics: Bacteria; Cell Cycle; Membrane Lipids; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phospholipids
PubMed: 7353999
DOI: 10.1128/jb.141.1.262-269.1980 -
Ukrains'kyi Biokhimichnyi Zhurnal (1999... 2001Present day scientific data about the Ca(2+)-phospholipid-dependent protein kinases structure and molecular mechanisms of their activity are summarized and analyzed in... (Review)
Review
Present day scientific data about the Ca(2+)-phospholipid-dependent protein kinases structure and molecular mechanisms of their activity are summarized and analyzed in this review. Ca(2+)-phospholipid-dependent protein kinases family is well known to include a whole series of enzymes which are homologous by their structure. They play an important role in cell differentiation, growth and proliferation as well as signal transduction through the cytoplasmic membrane. They also take part in cell response realization by phosphorylation of target proteins. Now application of modern biochemical and biophysical methods provided for possibility of the clarification of these enzymes structure features. The great lot of experimental data about the molecular mechanisms of Ca(2+)-phospholipid-dependent protein kinases activity regulation by phosphatydyle serine, phorbol ethers, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, calcium iones, autophosphorylation and holoferment phosphorylation by other kinases was obtained. As a model of Ca(2+)-phospholipide-dependent protein kinases regulation was their development on the base of the scientific data about this problem.
Topics: Calcium; Phospholipids; Phosphorylation; Protein Conformation; Protein Kinase C
PubMed: 12035529
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Molecular Biology Feb 1998Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the structure of the staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin (alpha HL) oligomer formed in supported phospholipid bilayers. In...
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the structure of the staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin (alpha HL) oligomer formed in supported phospholipid bilayers. In contrast to the recent X-ray crystallographic demonstration of a heptameric stoichiometry for the oligomer formed in deoxycholate (DOC) micelles, the high-resolution unprocessed AFM images unequivocally revealed a hexamer in these phospholipid bilayers. Independent support of this hexameric stoichiometry was obtained from the measurements of the lattice constant in the AFM images and from gel electrophoresis. Therefore, alpha HL can form two different, energetically stable oligomers, which differ in at least stoichiometry but perhaps subunit structure as well. Furthermore, stable, incomplete oligomers were observed in the AFM images, which may be of relevance to the mechanism by which alpha HL damages the cell.
Topics: Bacterial Toxins; Hemolysin Proteins; Lipid Bilayers; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Phospholipids
PubMed: 9512705
DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1997.1535