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The American Journal of Medicine Jul 1982Acyclovir can prevent the establishment of latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) in sensory ganglia by early treatment of the primary infection in experimental animals. A... (Review)
Review
Acyclovir can prevent the establishment of latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) in sensory ganglia by early treatment of the primary infection in experimental animals. A delayed treatment may reduce the number of neurons that eventually become latently infected. Acyclovir can prevent virus reactivation in explant cultures of latently infected ganglia, experimentally induced recurrences of latently infected animals, and immunosuppressed patients. This effect is dependent on the continuous presence of the drug in the explant culture medium or organism. The treatment of recurrent lesions with acyclovir reduces the severity of the episode and may also prevent reinfection of ganglia, if this should be common in the maintenance of latency. It might be possible to eradicate a latent HSV, if conditions were created in which drugs such as acyclovir, activated by the virus-induced thymidine kinase, could interact with the enzyme before the assembly of mature virions.
Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Culture Techniques; Foscarnet; Ganglia; Guanine; Herpes Simplex; Mice; Neurons; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Simplexvirus; Time Factors
PubMed: 6285703
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(82)90079-1 -
Lancet (London, England) Nov 1990
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Foscarnet; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Male; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Zidovudine
PubMed: 1977999
DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92601-d -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Feb 1992
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Foscarnet; Humans; Pancytopenia; Phosphonoacetic Acid
PubMed: 1387130
DOI: 10.1093/jac/29.2.232 -
Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research Apr 1989The effect of a single subcutaneous injection of different dosages of phosphonoformic or phosphonoacetic acid on the developing dental tissues of the rat molar was...
The effect of a single subcutaneous injection of different dosages of phosphonoformic or phosphonoacetic acid on the developing dental tissues of the rat molar was studied. The substances were injected at different rat ages and effects on the developing teeth were analyzed by means of histochemistry of frozen sections and scanning electron microscopy. Molars of rats injected at the age of 10 or 15 days showed no pathologic changes. Administration of phosphonoacetic acid in a dosage of 10 or 20 mg P/kg b.w. had no demonstrable effect on the dental tissues in any of the animals. Phosphonoformic or phosphonoacetic acid in a dosage of 10 or 30 mg P/kg b.w. respectively induced subameloblastic cysts 24 h after injection to 4-7-day-old rats. The cysts were mainly localized on the mesial sides of the cusps under ameloblasts in the late secretory stage. Calcified depositions were seen in the ameloblastic layer lining the cystic cavities. A thin zone, the staining of which indicated a high mineral content, was seen in the outermost enamel layer under the cysts. A few days later, enamel hypoplasias were seen in areas previously occupied by cysts. A lightly stained line was observed in the enamel matrix demarcating the amount of enamel matrix formed before and after the injection. Hypoplastic lesions were also noted in the enamel surface of newly erupted molars. These findings suggest that the two injected monophosphonates can induce pathologic changes in the developing enamel organ and hypoplasias in the enamel.
Topics: Ameloblasts; Amelogenesis; Animals; Calcinosis; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Foscarnet; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molar; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
PubMed: 2523086
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01443.x -
The American Journal of Medicine Aug 1988Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, though several advances in its management have been made. Primary infection can be... (Review)
Review
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, though several advances in its management have been made. Primary infection can be prevented by serologic screening of blood and organ donors, and the use of leukocyte-depleted blood products deserves further study in this context. Immunoglobulin prophylaxis may be effective in reducing the severity of infection in some groups. Virus reactivation can be delayed or prevented by high-dose intravenous acyclovir, and results should be improved by use of newer agents with greater anti-CMV activity, such as ganciclovir and foscarnet. However, the bone marrow toxicity of ganciclovir may reduce its prophylactic potential. Recent results with combined antiviral chemotherapy are encouraging, and other approaches in the future will undoubtedly include use of either recombinant or subunit vaccines or adoptive immunotherapy with effector cells generated in vitro for clinical use.
Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Foscarnet; Ganciclovir; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Pneumonia, Viral
PubMed: 2841853
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Dec 1987CMV infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immune compromised host. Ganciclovir and phosphonoformate have in vitro and in vivo activity against... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Review
CMV infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immune compromised host. Ganciclovir and phosphonoformate have in vitro and in vivo activity against human CMV, and controlled trials of both these drugs in immunocompromised patients have suggested their efficacy. However, drug toxicity, a high rate of relapse, and the high mortality of CMV pneumonia in marrow transplant patients are continued problems in the treatment of CMV infections.
Topics: Acyclovir; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Foscarnet; Ganciclovir; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Interferons; Nucleosides; Phosphonoacetic Acid
PubMed: 2446819
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Optometric... Jan 1992Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common retinal opportunistic infection in people with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ordinarily, CMV causes... (Review)
Review
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common retinal opportunistic infection in people with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ordinarily, CMV causes little morbidity in an immunocompetent person. However, in the immunosuppressed patient this virus is responsible for progressive retinal destruction with necrosis leading to a devastating loss of vision. This paper will provide the practitioner with a clinical approach to the presentation, diagnosis and management of patients with CMV retinitis secondary to AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Infections, Viral; Foscarnet; Ganciclovir; Humans; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Retinitis
PubMed: 1316393
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the Society For... Oct 1978
Comparative Study
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Herpesviridae Infections; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Virus Replication
PubMed: 213781
DOI: 10.3181/00379727-159-40275 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Aug 1990
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Eye Infections, Viral; Female; Fluid Therapy; Foscarnet; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 2165372
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-113-4-332_1 -
Lancet (London, England) Feb 1990
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Foscarnet; Herpes Simplex; Male; Penile Diseases; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Time Factors; Ulcer
PubMed: 1967736
DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90100-j