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Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Dec 1987Although therapy is currently available for many of the infections and neoplastic complications of AIDS, there is no effective therapy for the underlying... (Review)
Review
Although therapy is currently available for many of the infections and neoplastic complications of AIDS, there is no effective therapy for the underlying immunodeficiency state. The authors review various attempts at treatment to date, and conclude that a major decrease in HIV-associated morbidity will require a combined approach, making use of our knowledge of the epidemiology, as well as the molecular and cellular biology, of the virus.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiviral Agents; Foscarnet; Humans; Immunotherapy; Interferons; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Ribavirin; Suramin; Thymidine; Zidovudine
PubMed: 2446817
DOI: No ID Found -
AIDS (London, England) 1988
Clinical Trial Review
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dideoxynucleosides; Drug Evaluation; Foscarnet; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Zalcitabine; Zidovudine
PubMed: 2852501
DOI: 10.1097/00002030-198800001-00021 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1979
Review
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Survival; DNA Replication; DNA, Viral; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enzyme Induction; Herpesviridae; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Idoxuridine; Mutation; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Species Specificity; Vidarabine; Vidarabine Phosphate; Virus Replication
PubMed: 88744
DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(79)90021-4 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 1992
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Tolerance; Foscarnet; Ganciclovir; Humans; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Retinitis
PubMed: 1309391
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199201233260409 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 1983A plaque-reduction assay was used to examine the susceptibility of five phosphonoformic acid-resistant variants of herpes simplex virus type 1 to arabinosylnucleosides...
A plaque-reduction assay was used to examine the susceptibility of five phosphonoformic acid-resistant variants of herpes simplex virus type 1 to arabinosylnucleosides and aphidicolin. These viruses were cross-resistant to arabinosylhypoxanthine and to arabinosyladenine when tested in the absence of deoxycoformycin, a deaminase inhibitor. In the presence of deoxycoformycin, no cross-resistance between arabinosyladenine and phosphonoformic acid was observed. The two variants tested were cross-resistant to arabinosylthymine, and all five variants were collaterally susceptible to aphidicolin inhibition.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Aphidicolin; Arabinonucleosides; Coformycin; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Diterpenes; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Foscarnet; Pentostatin; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Simplexvirus; Thymidine; Thymidine Kinase; Vidarabine
PubMed: 6311091
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.23.6.914 -
Drugs Jan 1991The pyrophosphate analogue, foscarnet, selectively inhibits the DNA polymerase of human herpes viruses, including cytomegalovirus, and the reverse transcriptase of HIV.... (Review)
Review
The pyrophosphate analogue, foscarnet, selectively inhibits the DNA polymerase of human herpes viruses, including cytomegalovirus, and the reverse transcriptase of HIV. Viral replication is therefore prevented, but resumes when the drug is cleared from infected cells. In vitro, the combination of foscarnet and zidovudine (azidothymidine) has an additive effect against cytomegalovirus and acts synergistically against HIV. An improvement in cytomegalovirus retinitis is obtained in over 85% of affected AIDS patients during foscarnet induction therapy, but relapse usually occurs within a month of ceasing treatment. There is a similar duration of remission during maintenance therapy given for 5 days each week, but this can be extended 4- to 5-fold with daily administration of higher doses. In allograft recipients, progression of retinitis can be halted by foscarnet until immune function recovers and eradicates the virus. The incidence of acute renal failure, which is common during foscarnet therapy, may be reduced by dosage adjustment and adequate prehydration. Anaemia, phlebitis, nausea and vomiting, and disturbances in serum calcium and phosphate levels, perhaps resulting from uptake of foscarnet into bone or chelation with ionised calcium, have also been associated with administration of the drug. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is difficult to treat, with few therapeutic options available. Although treatment with foscarnet produces some severe adverse effects, with care these can be minimised, and the drug produces clinical improvement in a large proportion of patients; this is a highly encouraging finding at this stage in its development. Preliminary comparative data indicate that foscarnet and ganciclovir are similarly effective, but foscarnet may have some theoretical advantages in AIDS patients since it can be used in combination with zidovudine without potentiating myelosuppression.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anemia; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Foscarnet; Humans; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Retinitis; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 1706982
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199141010-00009 -
Archives of Virology 1980Phosphonoacetic acid and phosphonoformate were examined as inhibitors of Herpesvirus sylvilagus replication in cultured cells. Both drugs produced significant inhibition...
Phosphonoacetic acid and phosphonoformate were examined as inhibitors of Herpesvirus sylvilagus replication in cultured cells. Both drugs produced significant inhibition at a minimum concentration of 25 micrograms per milliliter.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Foscarnet; Herpesviridae; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Virus Replication
PubMed: 6449917
DOI: 10.1007/BF01314739 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Nov 1984
Studies on the biosynthesis of bialaphos (SF-1293). 4. Production of phosphonic acid derivatives, 2-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid, hydroxymethylphosphonic acid and phosphonoformic acid by blocked mutants of Streptomyces hygroscopicus SF-1293 and their roles in the biosynthesis of bialaphos.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Foscarnet; Herbicides; Mutation; Organophosphonates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Streptomyces
PubMed: 6239850
DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.37.1505 -
Die Pharmazie Aug 1982
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Foscarnet; Humans; Organophosphonates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Propionates; Rabbits; Simplexvirus; Viral Plaque Assay
PubMed: 6292963
DOI: No ID Found -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Sep 1986Phosphonoformic acid was a potent competitive inhibitor of Na+/Pi cotransport by brush border membrane vesicles isolated from human renal cortex (Ki 31 microM). The...
Phosphonoformic acid was a potent competitive inhibitor of Na+/Pi cotransport by brush border membrane vesicles isolated from human renal cortex (Ki 31 microM). The Na+/Pi cotransport system in rat renal brush border membrane vesicles was much less sensitive to inhibition (Ki 210 microM). Na+/Pi cotransport by cultured cells derived from human renal cortex also was inhibited by phosphonoformic acid. Both in isolated membranes and cells the inhibition was dose-dependent, competitive, and specific for Pi. The effectiveness of phosphonoformic acid on Na+/Pi cotransport in human kidney suggests that its administration may be a useful maneuver to increase renal Pi excretion.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epithelium; Foscarnet; Humans; Kidney Cortex; Kinetics; Microvilli; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphates; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Rats; Sodium
PubMed: 2945556
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80044-4