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Southern Medical Journal Apr 2009Photobacterium damsela (P damsela) is a common marine bacterium. Rare reports of P damsela causing septicemia and wound infection have been described in children. We...
Photobacterium damsela (P damsela) is a common marine bacterium. Rare reports of P damsela causing septicemia and wound infection have been described in children. We report a case of Photobacterium damsela isolated from a wound culture taken from a 14-year-old male injured after a minor trauma while surfing. We alert physicians to this infection and the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy for wound infection following seawater injury.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Photobacterium; Therapeutic Irrigation; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 19279534
DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31819b9491 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jan 2018Photobacterium damselae species are one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens in mariculture worldwide. Some species of Photobacterium are pathogenic for marine...
Photobacterium damselae species are one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens in mariculture worldwide. Some species of Photobacterium are pathogenic for marine animals and human. They are the causative agents of photobacteriosis, formerly known as pasteurellosis. A total of (202) marine fishes of three different species were represented as: seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), seabream (Sparus aurata) and gray mullet (Mugil capitus) randomly collected from Lake Temsah at Ismailia governorate along the parallel Pelagic road to the lake in the governorate from August 2015 to July 2016. The clinical picture and gross lesions of the diseased fishes were recorded. Isolation and identification of suspected bacteria using traditional and molecular methods. Samples from affected organs were collected for studying the histopathological alterations of these pathogens. Fifty one fishes were found to be infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida. Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the most infected fish species (23), followed by seabream (Sparus aurata) (18) finally gray mullet (Mugil capitus) was (10). 91fishes were found to be infected with P. damselae subsp. damselae, seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the most infected fish sp. (36), followed by seabream (Sparus aurata) (32), then gray mullet (Mugil capitus) (23). The results indicated that, the total prevalence of P. damselae subsp. piscicida in all examined species (25.24%), the highest seasonal prevalence was recorded in summer season (37.09%) followed by autumn (26%) then spring (20.37%) and winter (11.11%). On the other hand, the total prevalence of P. damselae subsp. damselae in all examined species (45.04%), the highest seasonal prevalence was recorded in summer season (67.74%) followed by autumn (52%) then spring (29.62%) and winter (19.44%). Molecular diagnosis with conventional PCR used to confirm the traditional isolation was applied by using specific primers of two genes (polycapsular saccharide gene and urease C gene). The histopathological studies of naturally infected marine fishes showed severe inflammatory reactions in different organs with accumulation of melanomacrophages and necrosis. The results confirm that P. damselae subspecies damsalea is the most prevalent pathogen between marine fishes, and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the highly affected marine fishes in this study.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Capsules; Bacteriological Techniques; Base Sequence; Bass; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Genes, Bacterial; Lakes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pasteurella Infections; Pathology, Molecular; Phenotype; Photobacterium; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sea Bream; Seasons; Urease
PubMed: 29225092
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.006 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2013A specific real-time PCR quantification method combined with a propidium monoazide sample treatment step was developed to determine quantitatively the viable population...
A specific real-time PCR quantification method combined with a propidium monoazide sample treatment step was developed to determine quantitatively the viable population of the Photobacterium phosphoreum species group in raw modified-atmosphere-packed salmon. Primers were designed to amplify a 350-bp fragment of the gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) of P. phosphoreum. The specificity of the two primers was demonstrated by using purified DNA from 81 strains of 52 different bacterial species. When these primers were used for real-time PCR in pure culture, a good correlation (R(2) of 0.99) was obtained between this method and conventional enumeration on marine agar (MA). Quantification was linear over 5 log units as confirmed by using inoculated salmon samples. On naturally contaminated fresh salmon, the new real-time PCR method performed successfully with a quantification limit of 3 log CFU/g. A correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.963 was obtained between the PCR method and classic enumeration on MA, followed by identification of colonies (290 isolates identified by real-time PCR or by 16S rRNA gene sequencing). A good correlation with an R(2) of 0.940 was found between the new PCR method and an available specific conductance method for P. phosphoreum. This study presents a rapid tool for producing reliable quantitative data on viable P. phosphoreum bacteria in fresh salmon in 6 h. This new culture-independent method will be valuable for future fish inspection, the assessment of raw material quality in fish processing plants, and studies on the ecology of this important specific spoilage microorganism.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Base Sequence; Colony Count, Microbial; DNA Gyrase; DNA, Bacterial; Food Handling; Food Inspection; Food Microbiology; Photobacterium; Propidium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Salmo salar; Seafood; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23396343
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03677-12 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2005Six new Vibrio-like isolates originating from different species of bleached and healthy corals around Magnetic Island (Australia) were investigated using a polyphasic...
Six new Vibrio-like isolates originating from different species of bleached and healthy corals around Magnetic Island (Australia) were investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, recA and rpoA gene sequences split the isolates in two new groups. Strains LMG 22223(T), LMG 22224, LMG 22225, LMG 22226 and LMG 22227 were phylogenetic neighbours of Photobacterium leiognathi LMG 4228(T) (95.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), whereas strain LMG 22228(T) was related to Enterovibrio norvegicus LMG 19839(T) (95.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The two new groups can be distinguished from closely related species on the basis of several phenotypic features, including fermentation of d-mannitol, melibiose and sucrose, and utilization of different compounds as carbon sources, arginine dihydrolase activity, nitrate reduction, resistance to the vibriostatic agent O/129 and the presence of fatty acids 15 : 0 iso and 17 : 0 iso. The names Photobacterium rosenbergii sp. nov. (type strain LMG 22223(T)=CBMAI 622(T)=CC1(T)) and Enterovibrio coralii sp. nov. (type strain LMG 22228(T)=CBMAI 623(T)=CC17(T)) are proposed to accommodate these new isolates. The G+C contents of the DNA of the two type strains are respectively 47.6 and 48.2 mol%.
Topics: Animals; Anthozoa; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Genes, rRNA; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rec A Recombinases; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 15774685
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63370-0 -
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Oct 2010The in vivo and in vitro toxicity of bacterial cells and their extracellular products (ECPs) from 16 strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from 7...
The in vivo and in vitro toxicity of bacterial cells and their extracellular products (ECPs) from 16 strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from 7 epizootic outbreaks were evaluated. On the basis of their 50% lethal dose (LD50) values (about 1 x 10(50 CFU), these strains may be considered as moderately virulent. However, their ECPs were strongly lethal for redbanded seabream Pagrus auriga causing fish death within 2 h post-inoculation (protein concentration ranged between 2.1 and 6.41 microg g(-1) fish). The bacterial ECPs tested exhibited several enzymatic activities, such as amylase, lipase, phospholipase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase-lipase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucosaminidase. These ECPs displayed a strong cytotoxic effect on 4 fish and 2 mammalian cell lines, although this activity disappeared when ECPs were heated at 100 degrees C. The virulence of the strains tested could not be related to the hemolytic activity or to the production of the toxin damselysin. Therefore, another unknown type of toxin could play an important role in the virulence mechanisms of this bacterial pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Disease Outbreaks; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Humans; Mice; Photobacterium
PubMed: 21166312
DOI: 10.3354/dao02275 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jan 2019A high-efficiency pyrethroid-degrading bacterium, Photobacterium ganghwense strain 6046 (PGS6046), was first isolated from an offshore seawater environment. Metabolomics...
A high-efficiency pyrethroid-degrading bacterium, Photobacterium ganghwense strain 6046 (PGS6046), was first isolated from an offshore seawater environment. Metabolomics method was used to investigate the biotransformation pathway of PGS6046 to cyfluthrin wherein 156 metabolites were identified. The growth rates of the PGS6046 cultivated in nourishing media were much higher than those cultivated in seawater, regardless of the presence of cyfluthrin. Statistical analyses revealed that the metabolic profile of PGS6046 was associated with the culture medium, the presence of cyfluthrin, and culture time. The PGS6046 cultivated in a nourishing medium was characterized by higher levels of amino acids, a lower abundance of intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the presence of some fatty acids than those cultivated in seawater. The effects of cyfluthrin on PGS6046 metabolism varied based on the culture medium, whereas the cyanoalanine levels increased under both culture conditions. Culture time significantly affected the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates in PGS6046. The present study revealed the metabolic characteristics of PGS6046 under different culture conditions and will further facilitate the exploration of the fundamental questions regarding PGS6046 and its potential applications in environmental bioremediation.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; China; Culture Media; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Insecticides; Metabolomics; Nitriles; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; Pyrethrins; Seawater; Time Factors
PubMed: 30374672
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9458-7 -
Genes Oct 2020The ability to metabolize sucrose is a variable trait within the family Vibrionaceae. The marine bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd), pathogenic for...
The ability to metabolize sucrose is a variable trait within the family Vibrionaceae. The marine bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd), pathogenic for marine animals and humans, is generally described as negative for sucrose utilization (Scr). Previous studies have reported sucrose-utilizing isolates (Scr), but the genetic basis of this variable phenotype remains uncharacterized. Here, we carried out the genome sequencing of five Scr and two Scr Pdd isolates and conducted a comparative genomics analysis with sixteen additional Pdd genomes sequenced in previous studies. We identified two different versions of a four-gene cluster (scr cluster) exclusive of Scr isolates encoding a PTS system sucrose-specific IIBC component (scrA), a fructokinase (scrK), a sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase (scrB), and a sucrose operon repressor (scrR). A scrA deletion mutant did not ferment sucrose and was impaired for growth with sucrose as carbon source. Comparative genomics analyses suggested that scr clusters were acquired by horizontal transfer by different lineages of Pdd and were inserted into a recombination hot-spot in the Pdd genome. The incongruence of phylogenies based on housekeeping genes and on scr genes revealed that phylogenetically diverse gene clusters for sucrose utilization have undergone extensive horizontal transfer among species of Vibrio and Photobacterium.
Topics: Fructokinases; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Essential; Genome, Bacterial; Multigene Family; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; Photobacterium; Sucrose; beta-Fructofuranosidase
PubMed: 33105683
DOI: 10.3390/genes11111244 -
International Journal of Systematic... Oct 1998The taxonomic position of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, is controversial as this organism has also been described...
The taxonomic position of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, is controversial as this organism has also been described as 'Pasteurella piscicida'. To clarify the taxonomic position of the pathogen, a total of 113 P. damselae subsp. piscicida strains and 20 P. damselae subsp. damselae strains, isolated from different geographical areas and from the main affected fish species, were analysed using 129 morphological and biochemical tests, including the commercial API 20E and API CH50 test systems. For comparison, the type strains of other Photobacterium species (i.e. Photobacterium leiognathi and Photobacterium angustum) were included in the analyses. The results were statistically analysed by unweighted pair group average clustering and the distance between the different clusters was expressed as the percentage disagreement. The analyses showed that, based on morphological and biochemical identification tests, P. damselae subsp. piscicida is related to other Photobacterium species. However, it is clearly distinguishable from P. damselae subsp. damselae and no phenotypic evidence was found to include P. damselae subsp. piscicida as a subspecies in the species P. damselae.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Pasteurella Infections; Phenotype; Photobacterium; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
PubMed: 9828416
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-48-4-1145 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2005Deep-sea life requires adaptation to high pressure, an extreme yet common condition given that oceans cover 70% of Earth's surface and have an average depth of 3800...
Deep-sea life requires adaptation to high pressure, an extreme yet common condition given that oceans cover 70% of Earth's surface and have an average depth of 3800 meters. Survival at such depths requires specific adaptation but, compared with other extreme conditions, high pressure has received little attention. Recently, Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 has been adopted as a model for piezophily. Here we report its genome sequence (6.4 megabase pairs) and transcriptome analysis. The results provide a first glimpse into the molecular basis for life in the largest portion of the biosphere, revealing high metabolic versatility.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Atmospheric Pressure; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Hydrostatic Pressure; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Open Reading Frames; Photobacterium; Polysaccharides; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Transcription, Genetic; rRNA Operon
PubMed: 15746425
DOI: 10.1126/science.1103341 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Jul 2007To characterize and identify Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae present in black gill diseased Penaeus monodon collected from east coast of India.
AIM
To characterize and identify Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae present in black gill diseased Penaeus monodon collected from east coast of India.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae was isolated from hepatopancreas, muscles and gills by using the thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar supplemented with 1.5% NaCl (TCBS-1) medium. A total of 32 Ph. damselae ssp. damselae isolates were studied together with two reference strains. The biochemical tests and analysis of ureC and 16S rRNA genes confirmed the phenotypic characterization of the isolates as Ph damselae ssp. damselae. Experimental infection studies revealed that the LD50 values of P. monodon and P. indicus ranged from 2x10(3) to 5x10(5) CFU per shrimp and from 4x10(2) to 2x10(4) CFU per shrimp, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae was found in the internal organs of P. monodon and it showed pathogenic to shrimp.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This is the first study on the Ph. damselae ssp. damselae present in the black gill diseased P. monodon in India and therefore might serve as a basis for future studies and diagnosis purpose to shrimp culturists.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Ribosomal; Gills; India; Lethal Dose 50; Penaeidae; Phenotype; Photobacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 17594465
DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02139.x