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Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Sep 2021Micromanipulation techniques that are capable of assembling nano/micromaterials into usable structures such as topographical micropatterns (TMPs) have proliferated...
Micromanipulation techniques that are capable of assembling nano/micromaterials into usable structures such as topographical micropatterns (TMPs) have proliferated rapidly in recent years, holding great promise in building artificial electronic and photonic microstructures. Here, a method is reported for forming TMPs based on optoelectronic tweezers in either "bottom-up" or "top-down" modes, combined with in situ photopolymerization to form permanent structures. This work demonstrates that the assembled/cured TMPs can be harvested and transferred to alternate substrates, and illustrates that how permanent conductive traces and capacitive circuits can be formed, paving the way toward applications in microelectronics. The integrated, optical assembly/preservation method described here is accessible, versatile, and applicable for a wide range of materials and structures, suggesting utility for myriad microassembly and microfabrication applications in the future.
Topics: Electronics; Micromanipulation; Optics and Photonics; Photons
PubMed: 34390185
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103702 -
Nature Materials Dec 2021Isolating single molecules in the solid state has allowed fundamental experiments in basic and applied sciences. When cooled down to liquid helium temperature, certain... (Review)
Review
Isolating single molecules in the solid state has allowed fundamental experiments in basic and applied sciences. When cooled down to liquid helium temperature, certain molecules show transition lines that are tens of megahertz wide, limited by only the excited-state lifetime. The extreme flexibility in the synthesis of organic materials provides, at low costs, a wide palette of emission wavelengths and supporting matrices for such single chromophores. In the past few decades, their controlled coupling to photonic structures has led to an optimized interaction efficiency with light. Molecules can hence be operated as single-photon sources and as nonlinear elements with competitive performance in terms of coherence, scalability and compatibility with diverse integrated platforms. Moreover, they can be used as transducers for the optical read-out of fields and material properties, with the promise of single-quanta resolution in the sensing of charges and motion. We show that quantum emitters based on single molecules hold promise to play a key role in the development of quantum science and technologies.
Topics: Optics and Photonics; Photons; Temperature
PubMed: 33972762
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00987-4 -
Proceedings of the Japan Academy.... 2016Recent technological progress in the generation, manipulation and detection of individual single photons has opened a new scientific field of photonic quantum... (Review)
Review
Recent technological progress in the generation, manipulation and detection of individual single photons has opened a new scientific field of photonic quantum information. This progress includes the realization of single photon switches, photonic quantum circuits with specific functions, and the application of novel photonic states to novel optical metrology beyond the limits of standard optics. In this review article, the recent developments and current status of photonic quantum information technology are overviewed based on the author's past and recent works.
Topics: Algorithms; Interferometry; Light; Optics and Photonics; Photons; Physics; Quantum Theory; Technology
PubMed: 26755398
DOI: 10.2183/pjab.92.29 -
Optics Express May 2011Photonic Nanojets are highly localized wave fields emerging directly behind dielectric microspheres; if suitably illuminated. In this contribution we reveal how...
Photonic Nanojets are highly localized wave fields emerging directly behind dielectric microspheres; if suitably illuminated. In this contribution we reveal how different illumination conditions can be used to engineer the photonic Nanojets by measuring them in amplitude and phase with a high resolution interference microscope. We investigate how the wavelength, the amplitude distribution of the illumination, its polarization, or a break in symmetry of the axial-symmetric structure and the illumination affect the position, the localization and the shape of the photonic Nanojets. Various fascinating properties are systematically revealed and their implications for possible applications are discussed.
Topics: Crystallization; Engineering; Equipment Design; Holography; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Lasers; Light; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Interference; Normal Distribution; Optics and Photonics; Photons
PubMed: 21643279
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.010206 -
Optics Express Sep 2011We report on the development of optomechanical "trampoline" resonators composed of a tiny SiO(2)/Ta(2)O(5) dielectric mirror on a silicon nitride micro-resonator. We...
We report on the development of optomechanical "trampoline" resonators composed of a tiny SiO(2)/Ta(2)O(5) dielectric mirror on a silicon nitride micro-resonator. We observe optical finesses of up to 4 × 10(4) and mechanical quality factors as high as 9 × 10(5) in relatively massive (~100 ng) and low frequency (10-200 kHz) devices. This results in a photon-phonon coupling efficiency considerably higher than previous Fabry-Perot-type optomechanical systems. These devices are well suited to ultra-sensitive force detection, ground-state optical cooling experiments, and demonstrations of quantum dynamics for such systems.
Topics: Equipment Design; Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems; Optical Devices; Optics and Photonics; Photons; Refractometry; Transducers
PubMed: 21996913
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.019708 -
Applied Optics Sep 2002We present a simple model to describe epifluorescence collection in two-photon microscopy when one images in a turbid slab with an objective. Bulk and surface scattering...
We present a simple model to describe epifluorescence collection in two-photon microscopy when one images in a turbid slab with an objective. Bulk and surface scattering determine the spatial and angular distributions of the outgoing fluorescence photons at the slab surface, and geometrical optics determines how efficiently the photons are collected. The collection optics are parameterized by the objective's numerical aperture and working distance and by an effective collection field of view. We identify the roles of each of these parameters and provide simple rules of thumb for the optimization of the epifluorescence collection efficiency. Analytical results are corroborated by Monte Carlo simulation.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Diffusion; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Models, Theoretical; Monte Carlo Method; Optics and Photonics; Photons; Scattering, Radiation
PubMed: 12211567
DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.005376 -
ACS Sensors Mar 2021Holographic sensors are two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals that diffract narrow-band light in the visible spectrum to quantify analytes in aqueous solutions. Here, a...
Holographic sensors are two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals that diffract narrow-band light in the visible spectrum to quantify analytes in aqueous solutions. Here, a holographic fabrication setup was developed to produce holographic sensors through a doubly polymerization system of a poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogel film using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (λ = 355 nm, 5 ns, 100 mJ). Wavelength shifts of holographic Bragg peak in response to alcohol species (0-100 vol %) were characterized. Diffraction spectra showed that the holographic sensors could be used for short-chain alcohols at concentrations up to 60 vol %. The reversibility of the sensor was demonstrated, exhibiting a response time of 7.5 min for signal saturation. After 30 cycles, the Bragg peak and color remained the same in both 20 and 60 vol %. The fabrication parameters were simulated in MATLAB using a 2D finite-difference time-domain algorithm to model the interference pattern and energy flux profile of laser beam recording in the hydrogel medium. This work demonstrates a particle-free holographic sensor that offers continuous, reversible, and rapid colorimetric readouts for the real-time quantification of alcohols.
Topics: Colorimetry; Holography; Hydrogels; Optics and Photonics; Photons
PubMed: 33557517
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02109 -
Optics Letters Jul 2023Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) combining the advantages of parameterized quantum circuits and classical optimizers, promise practical quantum applications in the...
Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) combining the advantages of parameterized quantum circuits and classical optimizers, promise practical quantum applications in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. The performance of VQAs heavily depends on the optimization method. Compared with gradient-free and ordinary gradient descent methods, the quantum natural gradient (QNG), which mirrors the geometric structure of the parameter space, can achieve faster convergence and avoid local minima more easily, thereby reducing the cost of circuit executions. We utilized a fully programmable photonic chip to experimentally estimate the QNG in photonics for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. We obtained the dissociation curve of the He-H cation and achieved chemical accuracy, verifying the outperformance of QNG optimization on a photonic device. Our work opens up a vista of utilizing QNG in photonics to implement practical near-term quantum applications.
Topics: Optics and Photonics; Algorithms; Photons
PubMed: 37450740
DOI: 10.1364/OL.494560 -
Optics Express Jun 2008We report resonant photon tunneling (RPT) through one-dimensional metamaterials consisting of alternating layers of metal and dielectric. RPT via a surface plasmon...
We report resonant photon tunneling (RPT) through one-dimensional metamaterials consisting of alternating layers of metal and dielectric. RPT via a surface plasmon polariton state permits evanescent light waves with large wavenumbers to be conveyed through the metamaterial. This is the mechanism for sub-wavelength imaging recently demonstrated with a super-lens. Furthermore, we find that the RPT peak is shifted from the reflectance dip with increasing the number of Al layers, indicating that the shift is caused by the losses in the RPT.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Light; Metals; Models, Theoretical; Optics and Photonics; Photons; Scattering, Radiation; Surface Plasmon Resonance
PubMed: 18575564
DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.009942 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Photonic chip-based methods for spectroscopy are of considerable interest due to their applicability to compact, low-power devices for the detection of small molecules.... (Review)
Review
Photonic chip-based methods for spectroscopy are of considerable interest due to their applicability to compact, low-power devices for the detection of small molecules. Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) has emerged over the past decade as a particularly interesting approach. WERS utilizes the evanescent field of a waveguide to generate Raman scattering from nearby analyte molecules, and then collects the scattered photons back into the waveguide. The large interacting area and strong electromagnetic field provided by the waveguide allow for significant enhancements in Raman signal over conventional approaches. The waveguide can also be coated with a molecular class-selective sorbent material to concentrate the analyte, thus further increasing the Raman signal. This review provides an overview of the historical development of WERS and highlights recent theoretical and experimental achievements with the technique.
Topics: Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Optics and Photonics; Photons
PubMed: 36501760
DOI: 10.3390/s22239058