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European Journal of Pharmaceutics and... Jul 2005The commercially available reconstructed human epidermis models EpiSkin, SkinEthic and EpiDerm demonstrate reasonable similarities to the native human tissue in terms of... (Review)
Review
The human epidermis models EpiSkin, SkinEthic and EpiDerm: an evaluation of morphology and their suitability for testing phototoxicity, irritancy, corrosivity, and substance transport.
The commercially available reconstructed human epidermis models EpiSkin, SkinEthic and EpiDerm demonstrate reasonable similarities to the native human tissue in terms of morphology, lipid composition and biochemical markers. These models have been identified as useful tools for the testing of phototoxicity, corrosivity and irritancy, and test protocols have been developed for such applications. For acceptance of these tests by the authorities, prevalidation or validation studies are currently in progress. Furthermore, first results also indicate their suitability for transport experiments of drugs and other xenobiotics across skin. Still, however, the barrier function of these reconstructed human epidermis models appears to be much less developed compared to native skin. Further adaptation of the models to the human epidermis, especially concerning the barrier function, therefore remains an important challenge in this area of research.
Topics: Biological Transport; Caustics; Cell Culture Techniques; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Humans; Irritants; Keratins; Lipids; Skin Irritancy Tests; Skin, Artificial; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 15913972
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.03.004 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 1997Phototoxicity is the most significant short-term adverse effect of PUVA therapy.
BACKGROUND
Phototoxicity is the most significant short-term adverse effect of PUVA therapy.
OBJECTIVE
We attempted to determine the incidence and possible causes of phototoxicity of sufficient degree to cause interruption of treatment.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted of 16,506 PUVA treatments given to 414 patients in two treatment centers.
RESULTS
Phototoxicity occurred in 10.9% of patients and was an adverse effect in 0.3% of treatments. Problems with the treatment protocol were the main cause.
CONCLUSION
Phototoxicity is a common adverse effect, and patients should be warned of this potential occurrence. Awareness of the causes may help to reduce the incidence of this problem.
Topics: Clinical Protocols; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Doxycycline; Drug Interactions; Female; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Incidence; Male; Methotrexate; Methoxsalen; Middle Aged; Nausea; PUVA Therapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy Dosage; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 9039165
DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70277-9 -
Photochemistry and Photobiology Jan 2023Curcumin is a plant-derived yellow-orange compound widely used as a spice, dye and food additive. It is also believed to have therapeutic effects against different...
Curcumin is a plant-derived yellow-orange compound widely used as a spice, dye and food additive. It is also believed to have therapeutic effects against different disorders. On the other hand, there are data showing its phototoxicity against bacteria, fungi and various mammalian cells. Since the mechanism of its phototoxic action is not fully understood, we investigated here the phototoxic potential of curcumin in liposomal model membranes and in HaCaT cells. First, detection of singlet oxygen ( O ) luminescence proved that curcumin generates O upon blue light irradiation in organic solvent and in liposomes. Then, HPLC-EC(Hg) measurements revealed that liposomal and cellular cholesterol is oxidized by O photogenerated by curcumin. Enrichment of liposome membranes with curcumin significantly increased the oxygen photo-consumption rate compared to the control liposomes as determined by EPR oximetry. Cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial membrane potential analyses and protein hydroperoxides detection confirmed strong phototoxic effects of curcumin in irradiated HaCaT cells. These data show that since curcumin is advertised as a valuable dietary supplement, or a component of cosmetics for topical use, caution should be recommended especially when skin is exposed to light.
Topics: Animals; Singlet Oxygen; Curcumin; Liposomes; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Light; Mammals
PubMed: 35713484
DOI: 10.1111/php.13666 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2021Phototoxicity is a toxic response elicited by topically applied or systemically administered photoreactive chemicals after exposure to light and can be broadly... (Review)
Review
Phototoxicity is a toxic response elicited by topically applied or systemically administered photoreactive chemicals after exposure to light and can be broadly categorized into photoirritation, photoallergy, photogenotoxicity, and photocarcinogenicity. The need in the 21st century for accurate evaluation of photosafety has led to the publication of a number of guidelines from government agencies in Europe and the U.S.A. as well as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms of phototoxicity and how they can be evaluated. We then discuss the state of the art and challenges now faced in photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Additionally, we describe the latest developments in OECD test guidelines (TG) for assessing photosafety, including revisions to the in vitro 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) phototoxicity test (TG 432) and the newly adopted reactive oxigen species (ROS) assay (TG 495). We will emphasize the importance of selecting the most appropriate means of evaluation with reference to the latest guidelines and other legal criteria for conducting photosafety evaluation.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Humans; Light; Mice; Neutral Red; Reactive Oxygen Species; Safety; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 33390438
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00148 -
Archives of Toxicology. Supplement. =... 1997
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Photochemistry; Photosensitizing Agents; Structure-Activity Relationship; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 9079212
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-60682-3_23 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jun 2022Drug-induced photosensitivity is associated with a wide range of anticancer treatments, including conventional chemotherapeutic agents, targeted anticancer therapies,... (Review)
Review
Drug-induced photosensitivity is associated with a wide range of anticancer treatments, including conventional chemotherapeutic agents, targeted anticancer therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These dermatologic adverse events can have a major impact on the well-being and quality of life of cancer patients, leading to dose modifications and interruption or discontinuation of anticancer treatments in severe cases. However, the heterogeneous nature of the photosensitive reactions induced by these agents, as well as the common concomitant use of other potentially photosensitizing drugs (antibiotics, voriconazole, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.), can make the diagnosis and, therefore the prevention, of these adverse events particularly challenging. The aim of this review is to describe the most characteristic forms of photosensitivity observed in patients being treated with anticancer treatments, including phototoxicity and photoallergy, and other potentially photo-induced manifestations such as UV recall, exaggerated sunburn reactions associated with treatment-related vitiligo, drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and UV-induced hyperpigmentation. We also discuss the photosensitive reactions recently reported with new-generation targeted anticancer therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors and highlight the importance of continued surveillance to identify photosensitizing agents, and of educating patients on the need for preventive UVA/UVB photoprotective measures.
Topics: Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Photosensitivity Disorders; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35738806
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18200 -
Clinics in Dermatology 1997
Review
Topics: Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Humans; Plants, Toxic
PubMed: 9255471
DOI: 10.1016/s0738-081x(97)00062-x -
Toxicology in Vitro : An International... Dec 2010The aim of this study, linked-up with a previous study on bergamot oils, was the evaluation of phototoxic potential of essential oils (orange, lemon and Litsea cubeba),...
The aim of this study, linked-up with a previous study on bergamot oils, was the evaluation of phototoxic potential of essential oils (orange, lemon and Litsea cubeba), used as cosmetic ingredients. The applied tiered testing strategy included chemical analysis of the substances (by means of capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), in vitro 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test and EpiDerm™ skin phototoxicity test. In order to clarify the situation in man, the highest non-phototoxic/non-cytotoxic concentrations and concentrations 10 x lower (safety factor 10) were tested xin vivo by means of human skin photopatch test in a limited group of human volunteers. The study revealed, that phototoxicity of the essential oils was dependent on the content of photoactive components and the solvent used. The highest non-phototoxic concentrations obtained by the skin model assay proved to be a useful starting point for subsequent confirmatory human photopatch test aimed to identify safe concentration for human use. However, the highest non-phototoxic concentration obtained in the skin model assay cannot be applied directly for human practice (3 of 8 tested oils evoked a phototoxic reaction). A safety factor of 10 should be applied for extrapolation of experimental data from the skin model assay to man.
Topics: Adult; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Female; Humans; Litsea; Middle Aged; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Skin Tests
PubMed: 20688147
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.025 -
Dermatology Online Journal Jul 2021
Topics: Aged; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Ruta
PubMed: 34391344
DOI: 10.5070/D327754382 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Dec 2017Bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient owing to its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study...
OBJECTIVE
Bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient owing to its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the skin safety of BV.
METHODS
For this purpose, skin phototoxicity and sensitization tests were conducted in healthy male Hartley guinea pigs. The animals were divided into three groups (n=5) for the phototoxicity test: G1 (negative control), G2 (BV gel treatment), and G3 (positive control). After specified treatments, the animals were irradiated with ultraviolet A (15 J/cm ). The photosensitivity test was also performed in three groups: G4 (negative control, n=5), G5 (BV gel treatment, n=10), and G6 (positive control, n=5).
RESULTS
Erythema and edema were observed after 24, 48, and 72 hours in the positive control group, but not in the negative control and BV gel groups. Application of BV to the guinea pig skin had no toxic effects on any clinical signs, body weight, or mortality. In addition, it did not evoke a skin reaction in both either the skin phototoxicity and skin photosensitization tests.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, it can be concluded that BV has the potential to be developed as a drug ingredient for topical uses.
Topics: Animals; Bee Venoms; Body Weight; Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Edema; Erythema; Guinea Pigs; Male; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 28509378
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12350