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Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Dec 2017Bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient owing to its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study...
OBJECTIVE
Bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient owing to its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the skin safety of BV.
METHODS
For this purpose, skin phototoxicity and sensitization tests were conducted in healthy male Hartley guinea pigs. The animals were divided into three groups (n=5) for the phototoxicity test: G1 (negative control), G2 (BV gel treatment), and G3 (positive control). After specified treatments, the animals were irradiated with ultraviolet A (15 J/cm ). The photosensitivity test was also performed in three groups: G4 (negative control, n=5), G5 (BV gel treatment, n=10), and G6 (positive control, n=5).
RESULTS
Erythema and edema were observed after 24, 48, and 72 hours in the positive control group, but not in the negative control and BV gel groups. Application of BV to the guinea pig skin had no toxic effects on any clinical signs, body weight, or mortality. In addition, it did not evoke a skin reaction in both either the skin phototoxicity and skin photosensitization tests.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, it can be concluded that BV has the potential to be developed as a drug ingredient for topical uses.
Topics: Animals; Bee Venoms; Body Weight; Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Edema; Erythema; Guinea Pigs; Male; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 28509378
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12350 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Nov 2018Photodermatoses represent a heterogeneous collection of disorders unified by the characteristic of being provoked through exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Generally,... (Review)
Review
Photodermatoses represent a heterogeneous collection of disorders unified by the characteristic of being provoked through exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Generally, these conditions are classified into the following categories: immunologically mediated photodermatoses, chemical- and drug-induced photosensitivity, photoaggravated dermatoses and photosensitivity associated with defective DNA repair mechanisms or chromosomal instabilities. The list of photodermatoses is extensive, and each individual photodermatosis is understood to a different extent. Regardless, there exists a paucity of information with regards to the clinical presentation among those with skin of colour. With ever-changing global demographics, recognition of photosensitive disorders in a diverse population is essential for accurate diagnoses and therapeutic guidance. The scope of this article seeks to review the epidemiology and clinical variability in presentation of such photodermatoses in patients with skin of colour.
Topics: Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Female; Humans; Male; Photosensitivity Disorders; Physical Examination; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Skin Pigmentation; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 29888465
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15115 -
Journal of Burn Care & Research :... 2012Ultraviolet (UV) dyes are used as inks in garment printing. Hypersensitivity reactions to these compounds have been reported in the literature. The authors report a case...
Ultraviolet (UV) dyes are used as inks in garment printing. Hypersensitivity reactions to these compounds have been reported in the literature. The authors report a case of reaction to UV ink in a patient already on corticosteroid therapy. The patient's clinical course was reviewed along with images of wounds that subsequently developed. The affected areas were debrided and covered with Vaseline gauze and silver impregnated dressings. Epithelium was salvaged in many areas, and regrowth occurred over several weeks in regions of deeper injury. The concurrent use of steroids and the rapidity of the onset of symptoms were not characteristic of hypersensitivity dermatitis, which has previously been reported. The cause of the wounds was likely phototoxicity from radical subtypes in the ink that catalyze the reaction when exposed to UV light.
Topics: Adult; Bandages; Chemical Industry; Debridement; Dermatitis, Occupational; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Ink; Male; Occupational Health; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 22665133
DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e318254d1df -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Mar 2020
Topics: Antimalarials; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Young Adult
PubMed: 32343652
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0196 -
Toxicology Letters Oct 2021Some chemicals have been reported to cause metabolite-related phototoxicity, and this study aimed to verify the applicability of photosafety assessment based on... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Some chemicals have been reported to cause metabolite-related phototoxicity, and this study aimed to verify the applicability of photosafety assessment based on photochemical and pharmacokinetic properties to evaluate the metabolite-related phototoxicity risk. The phototoxic risk of imipramine (IMI) and its metabolite, desipramine (DMI), was evaluated by photochemical and pharmacokinetic analyses. IMI and DMI were found to have similar photoreactivities based on the generation of reactive oxygen species. The skin concentrations of IMI and DMI reached maximal levels at approximately 1 and 4 h, respectively, after oral administration of IMI (10 mg/kg), and DMI showed high skin deposition compared with IMI. According to the results, DMI was identified as a contributor to phototoxicity induced by orally-taken IMI. In in vivo phototoxicity testing, ultraviolet A irradiation from 3 to 6 h after oral administration of IMI (100 mg/kg) caused more potent phototoxic reactions compared with that from 0 to 3 h, and DMI yielded by metabolism of IMI would be associated with phototoxic reactions caused by orally-administered IMI. In addition to the data on IMI, a parent chemical, photochemical and pharmacokinetic profiling of its metabolite, DMI, led to reliable phototoxicity prediction of orally-administered IMI. Thus, characterization of the photosafety of metabolites would generate reliable information on the phototoxicity risk of parent chemicals, and the proposed strategy may facilitate comprehensive photosafety assessment of drug candidates in pharmaceutical development.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Desipramine; Imipramine; Oxidants, Photochemical; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 34265374
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.007 -
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2000To confirm the occurrence of phototoxicity due to systemic fluorescein in a dose consistent with retinal angiographic testing and to approximate the prevalence of this... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To confirm the occurrence of phototoxicity due to systemic fluorescein in a dose consistent with retinal angiographic testing and to approximate the prevalence of this reaction in a small group of volunteers.
METHODS
Fourteen volunteers underwent a controlled challenge test by applying a topical sunscreen and exposing skin areas to direct sunlight before and after fluorescein administration.
RESULTS
Two subjects experienced marked cutaneous blanching erythema, mild vesiculation, and pain in sun-exposed areas within 1 hour of exposure. The reaction faded over a period of days without tanning.
CONCLUSIONS
Consistent with its in vitro properties as a photodynamic dye, fluorescein may rarely act as a phototoxic agent in humans at doses employed for fluorescein retinal angiography. It is unclear why this reaction has not been reported more frequently, given the large number of patients undergoing this ophthalmic procedure annually.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Contrast Media; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Fluorescein; Humans; Reference Values; Skin; Sunlight
PubMed: 10950414
DOI: 10.1097/00006982-200007000-00008 -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Aug 2012Nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is among the top five widely used nanomaterials for various applications. In this study, we determine the phototoxicity of TiO(2)...
Nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is among the top five widely used nanomaterials for various applications. In this study, we determine the phototoxicity of TiO(2) nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)) with different molecular sizes and crystal forms (anatase and rutile) in human skin keratinocytes under UVA irradiation. Our results show that all nano-TiO(2) particles caused phototoxicity, as determined by the MTS assay and by cell membrane damage measured by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, both of which were UVA dose- and nano-TiO(2) dose-dependent. The smaller the particle size of the nano-TiO(2) the higher the cell damage. The rutile form of nano-TiO(2) showed less phototoxicity than anatase nano-TiO(2). The level of photocytotoxicity and cell membrane damage is mainly dependent on the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using polyunsaturated lipids in plasma membranes and human serum albumin as model targets, and employing electron spin resonance (ESR) oximetry and immuno-spin trapping as unique probing methods, we demonstrated that UVA irradiation of nano-TiO(2) can induce significant cell damage, mediated by lipid and protein peroxidation. These overall results suggest that nano-TiO(2) is phototoxic to human skin keratinocytes, and that this phototoxicity is mediated by ROS generated during UVA irradiation.
Topics: Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Keratinocytes; Lipid Peroxidation; Metal Nanoparticles; Reactive Oxygen Species; Titanium; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 22705594
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.001 -
Toxicology in Vitro : An International... Oct 2005Bituminous tars (Ichthammol and Ichthyol Pale) are widely used in pharmaceutical, veterinary and cosmetic industries for their anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Bituminous tars (Ichthammol and Ichthyol Pale) are widely used in pharmaceutical, veterinary and cosmetic industries for their anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects. In contrast to coal tar, no phototoxicity of bituminous tars has been reported in man, although both Ichthammol and Ichthyol Pale exhibit UV absorption which is higher and broader for the former. The validated 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test indicated phototoxic potential of both substances. The phototoxicity test in a 3D human skin model (EpiDerm) only confirmed phototoxicity for Ichthammol. Human data on Ichthammol phototoxicity are missing. A photopatch test in human volunteers was performed in order to clarify the discrepancy between the phototoxicity found in the skin model and the absence of reported human phototoxicity. Following 4h exposure to 5% and 10% aqueous solutions of Ichthammol and Ichthyol Pale the test sites were irradiated with a UVA dose of 5 J/cm(2). Early phototoxic reaction (erythema) within 4-6h after irradiation was only elicited by Ichthammol and not by Ichthyol Pale. These data correspond well with those from the 3D skin model test and suggest the necessity to employ several test systems for final phototoxicity assessment. In addition to the results obtained in 3T3 NRU PT, further testing on 3D skin models may better reflect bioavailability of a given chemical in the skin, relevant to the situation in humans.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animal Testing Alternatives; Animals; BALB 3T3 Cells; Cell Survival; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Mice; Middle Aged; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch Tests; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Skin; Tars; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 16061351
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.013 -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... Oct 2012The incidence of phototoxicity as a side effect of ciprofloxacin appears to be increased in patients with cystic fibrosis compared to the general population...
The incidence of phototoxicity as a side effect of ciprofloxacin appears to be increased in patients with cystic fibrosis compared to the general population (approximately 2.4%). We used an interview-based questionnaire to determine the incidence of such phototoxic skin reactions in cystic fibrosis patients. Results from 105 respondents revealed the incidence of ciprofloxacin-induced phototoxicity in the adult cystic fibrosis population in Northern Ireland to be 48.4% with only 66% of the patients recalling being given sun care information beforehand. We concluded that the incidence of phototoxicity is increased in patients with cystic fibrosis and that it is important for all to receive good sun care information prior to taking ciprofloxacin given the high risk of developing phototoxic rash.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Cystic Fibrosis; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Female; Humans; Male; Northern Ireland; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 22971191
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2012.00676.x -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Mar 2016
Topics: Citrus aurantiifolia; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous; Young Adult
PubMed: 26803192
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.11.014