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International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2009A Gram-negative and obligately anaerobic marine bacterium, strain HAW-EB21(T), was isolated in a previous study from marine sediment from the Atlantic Ocean, near...
Psychrilyobacter atlanticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine member of the phylum Fusobacteria that produces H2 and degrades nitramine explosives under low temperature conditions.
A Gram-negative and obligately anaerobic marine bacterium, strain HAW-EB21(T), was isolated in a previous study from marine sediment from the Atlantic Ocean, near Halifax Harbor, Canada, and found to have the potential to degrade both hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine. In the present study, phylogenetic analyses showed that strain HAW-EB21(T) was only distantly related to the genera Propionigenium and Ilyobacter with 6.6-7.5 % and 8.2-10.5 % dissimilarity as measured by 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene sequence analyses, respectively. Strain HAW-EB21(T) displayed unique properties in being psychrotrophic (18.5 degrees C optimum) and unable to utilize any of the carbon substrates (succinate, l-tartrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, quinate or shikimate) used for isolating members of the genera Propionigenium and Ilyobacter. Strain HAW-EB21(T) utilized glucose, fructose, maltose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, citrate, pyruvate, fumarate and Casitone as carbon sources and produced H(2) and acetate as the major fermentation products. Cells grown at 10 degrees C produced C(15 : 1) (30 %), C(16 : 1)omega7 (15 %) and C(16 : 0) (16 %) as major membrane fatty acids. The novel strain had a genomic DNA G+C content of 28.1 mol%, lower than the values of the genera Ilyobacter and Propionigenium. Based on the present results, the novel isolate is suggested to be a member of a new genus for which the name Psychrilyobacter atlanticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HAW-EB21(T) (=DSM 19335(T)=JCM 14977(T)).
Topics: Aniline Compounds; Atlantic Ocean; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Canada; Cold Temperature; Explosive Agents; Fusobacteria; Genes, rRNA; Geologic Sediments; Hydrogen; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrobenzenes; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity
PubMed: 19244428
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65263-0 -
Epidemiology and Infection Oct 1987Tropical ulcer is a disease found most commonly in the tropics, although the disease is not confined to those areas. Young children are affected most frequently and the...
Tropical ulcer is a disease found most commonly in the tropics, although the disease is not confined to those areas. Young children are affected most frequently and the disease is thought to be a polymicrobial infection with fusobacteria, aerobic microorganisms and spirochaetes each playing a role. The fusobacteria have been reported on smears but have not been cultured thus far. We report the isolation and culture of these organisms from 46 ulcers and have also demonstrated the same organisms in skin biopsies from these lesions.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cell Wall; Culture Media; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium Infections; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Skin Ulcer; Spirochaetales; Spirochaetales Infections; Tropical Climate
PubMed: 3678397
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268800067844 -
British Journal of Biomedical Science 2000The involvement of fusobacteria in a wide range of human and animal infection has long been recognised. Slow-growing anaerobes, often in polymicrobial culture, they are... (Review)
Review
The involvement of fusobacteria in a wide range of human and animal infection has long been recognised. Slow-growing anaerobes, often in polymicrobial culture, they are not always identified but are present mainly in the oropharynx, from where they are bloodborne to other sites or aspirated into the lung. Fusobacterium nucleatum is commonly found in periodontal disease and produces tissue irritants such as butyric acid, proteases and cytokines. It has strong adhesive properties due to the presence of lectins, and these outer-membrane proteins mediate adhesion to epithelia and tooth surfaces, and coagglutination with other suspected pathogens. F. necrophorum may cause necrotising tonsillitis and septicaemia, leading to the spread of infection and the development of abscesses in the lung and brain--a form of Lemierre's syndrome. Calf diphtheria, foot rot and other infections in animals are well defined, with the pathogenic mechanisms involving leucotoxins, endotoxins and adhesins. A foul smell produced by butyric acid and other metabolic products is common to all fusobacterial infections. Identification using simple tests is within the scope of most laboratories.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium Infections; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 10912293
DOI: No ID Found -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2006
Topics: Adult; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Bites and Stings; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Ontario; Rat-Bite Fever; Rats; Streptobacillus
PubMed: 16972359
DOI: 10.3201/eid1208.060044 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Dec 2008
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium Infections; Humans; Otitis Media
PubMed: 18946362
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318188045e -
Intracellular replication of fusobacteria requires new actin filament formation of epithelial cells.APMIS : Acta Pathologica,... Dec 2008We examined survival and replication of fusobacteria inside epithelial cells. Subconfluent cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes were infected with five bacterial strains...
We examined survival and replication of fusobacteria inside epithelial cells. Subconfluent cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes were infected with five bacterial strains representing three Fusobacterium species: F. nucleatum, F. necrophorum, and F. mortiferum. Adhesion and invasion of the bacteria were assayed before and after antibiotic treatment that killed the adhered and extracellular bacteria. The number of live fusobacteria was examined by bacterial culturing after sonication of the epithelial cells. The role of host cell cytoskeleton functions was examined by treating the epithelial cells with cell function inhibitors. Number of viable epithelial cells was measured with the CellTiter96 kit. The tested Fusobacterium species adhered to and invaded the epithelial cells, and multiplied intracellularly for several hours. Thereafter, the intracellular number of bacteria rapidly declined. Concomitantly, viable fusobacteria were detected in the culture medium. Treatment of the infected epithelial cells with an actin formation inhibitor markedly reduced the number of living intracellular fusobacteria. Newly formed actin filaments were seen by confocal microscopy in the epithelial cells associated with the invaded bacteria. Fusobacteria infection did not reduce the number of viable epithelial cells in culture. Thus, fusobacteria are able to adhere to and invade epithelial cells, and survive under aerobic conditions. This property may enable them to survive in mucosa and participate in various disease processes of oral and pharyngeal tissues.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Bacterial Adhesion; Cell Line; Epithelial Cells; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium Infections; Humans; Virulence
PubMed: 19133009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00868.x -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral... Oct 1952
Topics: Bacteriology; Fusobacteria; Fusobacterium
PubMed: 13003143
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(52)90211-9 -
The Journal of Applied Bacteriology Aug 1985A scheme for differentiating Fusobacterium spp. and Leptotrichia spp. from Bacteroides spp. was devised after examining 114 strains of fusobacteria and asaccharolytic...
A scheme for differentiating Fusobacterium spp. and Leptotrichia spp. from Bacteroides spp. was devised after examining 114 strains of fusobacteria and asaccharolytic bacteroides (17 reference strains and 97 clinical isolates). Sensitivity to a 300 micrograms/ml plate of phosphomycin and an acid reaction on a lysine plate were found to be reliable for differentiating Fusobacterium spp. and L. buccalis from Bacteroides. Using a short set of simple cultural and biochemical tests, isolates could be identified as F. necrophorum, F. necrogenes, F. nucleatum, F. varium or L. buccalis. These tests were: indole, lecithinase, phosphatase, DNase and gas production, aesculin and casein hydrolysis, greening of casein/methylene blue agar, nitrite reduction, bile tolerance and haemolysis on horse blood agar.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteroidaceae; Bacteroides; Fosfomycin; Fusobacterium
PubMed: 3900021
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1985.tb03318.x -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Aug 2000Lemierre's syndrome is the classical presentation of human necrobacillosis. It is characterized by a primary infection in the head in a young, previously healthy person... (Review)
Review
Lemierre's syndrome is the classical presentation of human necrobacillosis. It is characterized by a primary infection in the head in a young, previously healthy person who subsequently develops persistent high fever and disseminated metastatic abscesses, frequently including a septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. The main pathogen is Fusobacterium necrophorum, an obligate anaerobic, pleomorphic, gram-negative rod. Clinical microbiologists have a key role in alerting clinicians and advising proper antibiotic treatment when the characteristic microscopic morphology of the pleomorphic F. necrophorum is seen in Gram stains from positive anaerobic cultures of blood and pus. Early diagnosis and prolonged appropriate antibiotic treatment with good anaerobic coverage are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. F. necrophorum also causes human necrobacillosis with foci caudal to the head, mainly in elderly patients with high mortality related to age and predisposing diseases, such as cancers of the primary focus.
Topics: Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Jugular Veins; Syndrome; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 10987717
DOI: 10.1086/313970 -
Anaerobe Feb 2018Very long fusiform gram-negative bacilli were observed after Gram staining of amniotic fluid from a 36-year-old multigravida woman. At 24 hours, pure, abundant growth of...
Very long fusiform gram-negative bacilli were observed after Gram staining of amniotic fluid from a 36-year-old multigravida woman. At 24 hours, pure, abundant growth of smooth, gray, only slightly convex catalase-positive and oxidase-negative colonies measuring about 2 mm were observed. Growth was greater in anaerobic than in aerobic conditions. The bacterium was identified as Leptotrichia trevisanii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Ampicillin and gentamicin were prescribed for chorioamnionitis, and vaginal prostaglandins were administered to terminate the pregnancy. The patient remained afebrile throughout 48 hours and was discharged. Microscopic examination of the placenta revealed severe acute chorioamnionitis with a maternal inflammatory response and abundant bacillary-shaped microorganisms. To our knowledge, this isolate constitutes the first reported case of chorioamnionitis caused by L. trevisanii.
Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chorioamnionitis; Female; Fusobacteriaceae Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Leptotrichia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 29155162
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.11.001