-
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Aug 2021is an emerging pathogen implicated in adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Although scarce, recent data suggest that vaginally residing becomes pathogenic... (Review)
Review
is an emerging pathogen implicated in adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Although scarce, recent data suggest that vaginally residing becomes pathogenic following its ascension into the upper urogenital tract, amniotic fluid, placenta, and foetal membranes. The role of in women's health and disease is generally underappreciated because the cultivation of these bacteria is limited by their complex nutritional requirements, slow growth patterns, and anaerobic nature. For this reason, molecular methods are typically required for the detection and differential diagnosis of infections. Here, we review the laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of infections, the molecular mechanisms underlying its virulence, and its sensitivity to antibiotics. We further review the evidence of 's contributions to the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis, chorioamnionitis, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, spontaneous preterm labour, stillbirth, maternal and neonatal sepsis, HIV infection, and cervical cancer. Collectively, growing evidence indicates that represents an important yet underappreciated pathogen affecting the development and progression of several adverse clinical conditions diagnosed in pregnant women and their neonates, as well as in non-pregnant women.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fusobacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 33823747
DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2021.1905606 -
Biomolecules Aug 2021Irritable bowel syndrome is not a life-threatening disease, yet it significantly affects the quality of life and contributes to economic loss. It is estimated that even... (Review)
Review
Irritable bowel syndrome is not a life-threatening disease, yet it significantly affects the quality of life and contributes to economic loss. It is estimated that even up to 45% of the world's population can suffer from the disease. The first attempts to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome were made at the end of the 19th century; however, establishing appropriate diagnostic criteria and treatment methods is still ongoing. To date, little is known about the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome; however, growing attention is drawn to the intestinal microbiota as a factor in the disease development. For this reason, researchers have conducted many studies on therapies that modulate the microbiota, among which probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are widely studied. To date, most studies have examined probiotics; however, there are also several studies demonstrating the efficacy of prebiotics and synbiotics. The aim of this review was to summarize findings on the usefulness of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidetes; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dysbiosis; Firmicutes; Fusobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Proteobacteria; Quality of Life; Synbiotics
PubMed: 34439821
DOI: 10.3390/biom11081154 -
Annals of Clinical and Laboratory... 2016Leptotrichia is a pencil-shaped Gram-negative rod and is known as an uncommon pathogen of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. However, because culture and... (Review)
Review
Leptotrichia is a pencil-shaped Gram-negative rod and is known as an uncommon pathogen of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. However, because culture and identification of Leptotrichia species is difficult in clinical laboratories, Leptotrichia goodfellowii is grossly underestimated as a human pathogen. In this study, we report a case of L. goodfellowii bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient and review 5 previously reported cases describing infection with L. goodfellowii.
Topics: Aged; Ceftriaxone; Fusobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Leptotrichia; Male
PubMed: 26927348
DOI: No ID Found -
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology :... 2012To investigate the geographic occurrence of mucosa-invading Fusobacteria in acute appendicitis.
BACKGROUND/AIM
To investigate the geographic occurrence of mucosa-invading Fusobacteria in acute appendicitis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Carnoy- and formalin-fixated appendices from Germany, Russia, and China were comparatively investigated. Bacteria were detected using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Cecal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other conditions were used as disease controls.
RESULTS
Fusobacteria represented mainly by Fusobacterium nucleatum were the major invasive component in bacterial infiltrates in acute appendicitis but were completely absent in controls. The occurrence of invasive Fusobacteria in Germany, Russia, and China was the same. The detection rate in Carnoy-fixated material was 70-71% and in formalin-fixated material was 30-36%.
CONCLUSIONS
Acute appendicitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease in which F. nucleatum and other Fusobacteria play a key role.
Topics: Appendicitis; Biopsy; Case-Control Studies; China; Female; Fusobacteria; Fusobacterium Infections; Germany; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Russia
PubMed: 22249094
DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.91734 -
Archives of Oral Biology Dec 2021The tongue microbiome has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic and tracking prognostic tool in the detection of diseases mainly cancer. This scoping review aimed to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The tongue microbiome has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic and tracking prognostic tool in the detection of diseases mainly cancer. This scoping review aimed to identify the association between tongue microbiome and pre-cancer or cancer lesions.
DESIGN
A comprehensive electronic database search including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was undertaken up to March 2021, without language or date restrictions. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. All observational studies that compared microbial community on the dorsal surface of the tongue between cancer or precancerous cases and healthy controls using NGS techniques were included.
RESULTS
Of 274 records identified, nine studies were eligible to be included. Despite the inconsistent observations in terms of diversity and richness, most studies reported alteration in bacterial communities between pre-cancer or cancer cases and control groups. The bacterial profile among cases was so far correlated at the phylum level with a noticeable diverse degree at the genus level. The majority of included studies reported a higher abundance of certain kinds of microorganisms as compared to healthy participants including Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria at phyla level as well as Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium at the genus level.
CONCLUSION
The alteration of the tongue microbial community has been associated with several diseases mainly cancer. So, the tongue microbiome may serve as a promising diagnostic tool or as a long-term monitor in precancerous or cancer cases.
Topics: Bacteria; Fusobacterium; Humans; Microbiota; Neoplasms; Tongue
PubMed: 34610507
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105271 -
Journal of Bacteriology May 1984Fusobacteria are commonly isolated from the hindgut of the cockroach Eublaberus posticus . Eleven strains isolated from E. posticus by us were keyed to four species,...
Fusobacteria are commonly isolated from the hindgut of the cockroach Eublaberus posticus . Eleven strains isolated from E. posticus by us were keyed to four species, Fusobacterium necrophorum, F. varium , F. gonidiaformans , and F. prausnitzii , using current taxonomic criteria. With the exception of F. gonidiaformis , all species showed rods with swollen centers and large bodies. The pleomorphism of F. varium was examined by phase microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The pleomorphic process begins with a gradual swelling at the center of the rod until a large round body is formed. Some of these round bodies then fragment, giving rise to rod-shaped cells. When 10% yeast extract was added to growth media, pleomorphism was not induced. A dialyzable factor was found to account for this observation. Fermentation of [1-14C]glutamic acid gives rise to butyrate labeled in the carboxyl carbon, indicating that butyrate is formed by the hydroxyglutarate pathway which may be characteristic for the genus Fusobacterium.
Topics: Animals; Butyrates; Butyric Acid; Cockroaches; Culture Media; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Intestines
PubMed: 6144663
DOI: 10.1128/jb.158.2.474-480.1984 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jul 2016Lumenal obstruction has typically been regarded as the cause of acute appendicitis (AA). Recent evidence including data from "antibiotics first" trials suggests that...
BACKGROUND
Lumenal obstruction has typically been regarded as the cause of acute appendicitis (AA). Recent evidence including data from "antibiotics first" trials suggests that this disease may result from invasion of the appendix by specific pathogens. Small studies have identified an abundance of bacteria from the genus Fusobacterium in appendixes from patients with AA. We aimed to validate these findings in a larger cohort of children with appendicitis in addition to profiling the appendiceal microbiota in a population of children without appendicitis.
METHODS
Appendix swabs were collected from children undergoing appendectomy for AA (n = 60), incidental appendectomy for reasons other than appendicitis (n = 18), or ileocecectomy for inflammatory bowel disease (n = 7), in addition to samples from other sites. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from each sample were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed with the UPARSE and QIIME programs.
RESULTS
We found that the normal human appendix harbors populations of Fusobacteria that are generally absent in fecal samples from healthy adults and children. In patients with AA, Fusobacteria populations proliferate and often persist despite several weeks of broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to surgery. Relative to non-AA samples, AA samples were depleted of sequences from the genus Bacteroides Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data indicates that F. nucleatum, F. necrophorum, and F. varium are the species of Fusobacterium observed in AA samples.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that the appendiceal niche harbors distinct microbial populations that likely contribute to the pathogenesis of appendicitis, which may one day be leveraged to improve the diagnosis and/or treatment of patients with AA.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Appendicitis; Appendix; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Feces; Fusobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans
PubMed: 27056397
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw208 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2019Kwashiorkor and marasmus are considered to be two different clinical diseases resulting from severe malnutrition, but this distinction has been questioned. In a previous...
Kwashiorkor and marasmus are considered to be two different clinical diseases resulting from severe malnutrition, but this distinction has been questioned. In a previous study comparing children with kwashiorkor and healthy children from Niger and Senegal, we found a dramatic gut microbiota alteration with a predominant depletion of anaerobes and enrichment in Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in kwashiorkor. However, it remained unknown whether this association was related to malnutrition or was a specific feature of kwashiorkor. In this continuation study, we added 7 new marasmus subjects and 71,162 new colonies from the same countries. Our results showed that, compared to marasmus, the kwashiorkor gut microbiota was characterized by an increased proportion of Proteobacteria (culturomics, Marasmus 5.0%, Kwashiorkor 16.7%, p < 0.0001; metagenomics, Marasmus 14.7%, Kwashiorkor 22.0%, p = 0.001), but there was a decreased proportion of Bacteroidetes in marasmus (culturomics, Marasmus 0.8%, Kwashiorkor 6.5%, p = 0.001; metagenomics, Marasmus 5.4%, Kwashiorkor 7.0%, p = 0.03). Fusobacterium was more frequently cultured from kwashiorkor. All detected potential pathogenic species were enriched in the kwashiorkor gut microbiota. These results provide a biological basis to support the usage of an antibiotic therapy more effective in suppressing the overgrowth of bacterial communities resistant to penicillin, combined with antioxidants and probiotics for nutritional recovery therapies, particularly for kwashiorkor.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Biodiversity; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fusobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Kwashiorkor; Male; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Proteobacteria
PubMed: 31235833
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45611-3 -
Archives of Oral Biology Oct 2023The present study aims to investigate the variations in dental caries (DC) related microbiome abnormality and metabolomics shift in children.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aims to investigate the variations in dental caries (DC) related microbiome abnormality and metabolomics shift in children.
DESIGN
The patients were divided into two groups healthy control (C) and highly affected DC children based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Saliva samples were collected and used for the taxonomic and functional characterization of oral microbiota.
RESULTS
Metatranscriptomics analysis revealed the alterations and composition of oral microbiota in the C and DC groups. Relative abundance in the C group was associated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Whereas, the microbial composition in the DC group was found to be considerably altered with increases in the abundance of the Proteobacteria (25%), Fusobacteria (15%), and Cyanobacteria (8%) while decreases in the abundance of Firmicutes (10%) and Bacteroidetes (23%). Alterations in the phylum composition were positively and negatively correlated with several metabolites of sugars (such as fructose, sorbose, ribose, allose, and mannose) and amino acids (such as arginine, lysine, tryptophan, and proline). Moreover, in comparison with the C group, the metabolic shift of the DC group was different with an increase in certain tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates levels, and a decrease in fatty acid. Such alterations can enhance the growth of oral pathogens and contribute to DC development.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest that an altered abundance of Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, and Shuttleworthia can serve as biomarkers of DC in children.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dental Caries; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Microbiota; Actinobacteria; Fusobacterium
PubMed: 37540967
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105776 -
Proteomics. Clinical Applications Sep 2023In this work, we identified human and bacterial proteomes in the saliva from volunteers with gingivitis or healthy.
PURPOSE
In this work, we identified human and bacterial proteomes in the saliva from volunteers with gingivitis or healthy.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
The reported population consisted of 18 volunteers (six with gingivitis and 12 healthy controls). Proteomics characterization was performed using a quantitative mass spectrometry method.
RESULTS
A total of 74 human and 116 bacterial proteins were identified in saliva. The major functional category that was modified in the human proteome was the immune response, followed by transport and protease inhibition. In the bacterial proteome, most of the proteins identified were from the Fusobacteria phylum, followed by Chlamydiae and Spirochaetes.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
We observed statistically relevant differences in the data between the groups. The 15 most important human proteins affecting the variation between case and control groups included cystatin S, alpha amylase, lactotransferrin, and negative elongation factor E. We found that bacterial proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum related to the red and orange complexes were closely correlated with the occurrence of periodontal diseases.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Proteome; Proteomics; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Brazil; Gingivitis; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 36764829
DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200098