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Advances in Physiology Education Mar 2020
Topics: Editorial Policies; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Physiology
PubMed: 31898915
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00138.2019 -
Advances in Physiology Education Mar 2016Shifts in educational research, in how scholarship in higher education is defined, and in how funding is appropriated suggest that educators within basic science fields... (Review)
Review
Shifts in educational research, in how scholarship in higher education is defined, and in how funding is appropriated suggest that educators within basic science fields can benefit from increased understanding of learning theory and how it applies to classroom practice. This article uses a mock curriculum design scenario as a framework for the introduction of five major learning theories. Foundational constructs and principles from each theory and how they apply to the proposed curriculum designs are described. A summative table that includes basic principles, constructs, and classroom applications as well as the role of the teacher and learner is also provided for each theory.
Topics: Humans; Learning; Models, Educational; Physiology; Social Learning
PubMed: 26847253
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00132.2015 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jun 2021August Krogh's 1929 principle is referenced as the cornerstone of comparative physiology (CP). However, there are diverse views as to what type of research falls under...
August Krogh's 1929 principle is referenced as the cornerstone of comparative physiology (CP). However, there are diverse views as to what type of research falls under the CP approach. This study had three aims: ) determine how CP is defined through an online survey (OS) of physiologists and a systematic review (SR), ) put forth an updated definition of CP by summarizing OS and SR results, and ) outline the numerous CP research approaches. Professional physiology societies ( = 54) were invited to share the OS with their members, and a SR was conducted, which yielded 197 and 70 definitions, respectively. The three most common words in descending order in the OS definitions were "different," "animals," and "species" and in the SR definitions, "animals," "species," and "organisms." The three most prevalent themes from the OS and SR definitions were comparing/differences/diversity across species (78% and 51%, respectively), response to the environment/ecology (28% and 43%, respectively), and included evolution or adaptation (24% and 60%, respectively). Ten research approaches were identified, which include broad comparison (i.e., many species generalization), specific comparison (e.g., 2 species; for traits that are different, exaggerated, extreme, missing, or not induced), or comparison while considering evolution (i.e., evolutionary physiology), ecology (i.e., ecophysiology), or human physiology/medicine. Only 5% and 33% of OS and SR definitions described or mentioned Krogh's principle. In conclusion, CP can best be defined as a compilation of research approaches that utilize different types of comparisons to elucidate physiological mechanisms and not simply comparing physiologies as the name implies.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Humans; Physiology, Comparative; Research; Surveys and Questionnaires; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 33882704
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00220.2020 -
Advances in Physiology Education Dec 2016
Review
Topics: Blood Pressure; Humans; Logic; Physiology
PubMed: 28145267
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00074.2016 -
The Journal of Physiology Dec 2017
Topics: Periodicals as Topic; Physiology; Societies, Scientific
PubMed: 29164626
DOI: 10.1113/JP275491 -
Advances in Physiology Education Mar 2018
Review
Topics: Curriculum; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Physiology; United States; Universities
PubMed: 29341817
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00051.2017 -
Advances in Physiology Education Dec 2015Homeostasis is a core concept necessary for understanding the many regulatory mechanisms in physiology. Claude Bernard originally proposed the concept of the constancy...
Homeostasis is a core concept necessary for understanding the many regulatory mechanisms in physiology. Claude Bernard originally proposed the concept of the constancy of the "milieu interieur," but his discussion was rather abstract. Walter Cannon introduced the term "homeostasis" and expanded Bernard's notion of "constancy" of the internal environment in an explicit and concrete way. In the 1960s, homeostatic regulatory mechanisms in physiology began to be described as discrete processes following the application of engineering control system analysis to physiological systems. Unfortunately, many undergraduate texts continue to highlight abstract aspects of the concept rather than emphasizing a general model that can be specifically and comprehensively applied to all homeostatic mechanisms. As a result, students and instructors alike often fail to develop a clear, concise model with which to think about such systems. In this article, we present a standard model for homeostatic mechanisms to be used at the undergraduate level. We discuss common sources of confusion ("sticky points") that arise from inconsistencies in vocabulary and illustrations found in popular undergraduate texts. Finally, we propose a simplified model and vocabulary set for helping undergraduate students build effective mental models of homeostatic regulation in physiological systems.
Topics: Animals; Comprehension; Consensus; Curriculum; Education, Professional; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Homeostasis; Humans; Learning; Models, Biological; Physiology; Teaching; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 26628646
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00107.2015 -
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 1969
Topics: Philosophy; Physiology
PubMed: 5772768
DOI: 10.1353/pbm.1969.0032 -
American Journal of Pharmaceutical... Oct 2007The initial courses in didactic pharmacy curriculum are designed to provide core scientific knowledge and develop learning skills that are the basis for highly competent... (Review)
Review
The initial courses in didactic pharmacy curriculum are designed to provide core scientific knowledge and develop learning skills that are the basis for highly competent application and practice of pharmacy. Commonly, students interpret this scientific base as ancillary to the practice of pharmacy. Physiology courses present a natural opportunity for the instructor to introduce basic pharmaceutical principles that form the foundation of pharmacological application early in the professional curriculum. Human Physiology I is the first of a 2-course physiology sequence that pharmacy students take upon matriculating into Midwestern University College of Pharmacy-Glendale. The endocrine physiology section of this course is designed to emphasize the regulatory and compensatory nature of this system in maintaining homeostasis, but also includes aspects of basic pharmaceutical principles. In this way the dependency of physiology and pharmacy upon one another is accentuated. The lecture format and content described in this manuscript focus on the central endocrine glands and illustrates their vital role in normal body function, compensatory responses to disease states, and their components as pharmacotherapy targets. The integration of these pharmaceutical principles at the introductory level supports an environment that can alleviate any perceived disparity between science foundation and practical application in the profession of pharmacy.
Topics: Education, Pharmacy; Endocrine Glands; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacy; Physiology
PubMed: 17998993
DOI: 10.5688/aj710596 -
Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2018
Topics: Congresses as Topic; Physiology; Research
PubMed: 29212885
DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00027.2017