-
International Journal of Clinical... Dec 1980Most poisonings with anticholinergics deal with simple cases without diagnostic or therapeutic difficulties; however, in difficult or unclarified cases a new method for...
Most poisonings with anticholinergics deal with simple cases without diagnostic or therapeutic difficulties; however, in difficult or unclarified cases a new method for diagnosis and treatment is the antidote physostigmine salicylate. Within 15 minutes after application of 2 mg of the antidote the central anticholinergic symptoms disappear, such as respiratory depression, coma, cramps and hallucinations as do the peripheral anticholinergic symptoms as cardiac rhythm disturbance, dry mouth and red dry skin. No fatal overdose with anticholinergic drugs occurs if the antidote is given in time.
Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Antidotes; Humans; Parasympatholytics; Physostigmine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
PubMed: 7228447
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jun 1981
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Physostigmine
PubMed: 7246817
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.138.6.829 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Sep 1990
Review
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Colchicine; Humans; Physostigmine
PubMed: 2202827
DOI: 10.1021/jm00171a001 -
Tetrahedron Mar 1969
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Indoles; Physostigmine
PubMed: 5346203
DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)82698-3 -
Archives of Neurology Jan 1989
Comparative Study
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alzheimer Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Male; Physostigmine
PubMed: 2910256
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520370015007 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Nov 1979The effect of physostigmine on recent memory was evaluated in young and aged rhesus monkeys. All aged monkeys had previously shown impaired memory. The performance of...
The effect of physostigmine on recent memory was evaluated in young and aged rhesus monkeys. All aged monkeys had previously shown impaired memory. The performance of the young monkeys treated with physostigmine was similar to that recently reported for young humans--no effects at low doses, some improvement at a restricted range of doses, and deficits at the highest dose. Although the aged subjects also improved at the same general doses, their overall response as a group was much more variable than that of the younger subjects. The performance of some aged monkeys was impaired by low doses that did not affect young monkeys. Continued improvement was observed in some aged monkeys at the highest dose, which typically impaired young monkeys. These variable effects across aged subjects suggest that physostigmine cannot easily or reliably be used as an agent for treating geriatric cognition. Nevertheless, the differential age-related effects suggest that appropriate manipulation of the cholinergic system may eventually be developed to alleviate some of the cognitive impairments suffered by aged subjects.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aging; Animals; Cognition; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Physostigmine; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 227061
DOI: 10.1126/science.227061 -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 1983
Topics: Azepines; Humans; Meptazinol; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Physostigmine; Respiratory System
PubMed: 6138571
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91012-7 -
Annals of Neurology Sep 1979Because there is evidence that central cholinergic mechanisms are depleted in dementia, we studied the effects of central cholinergic augmentation on the memory of 5... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Because there is evidence that central cholinergic mechanisms are depleted in dementia, we studied the effects of central cholinergic augmentation on the memory of 5 patients with Alzheimer disease. Patients received placebo, lecithin, physostigmine, or lecithin plus physostigmine in a double-blind study using titrated doses of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine. Memory was evaluated with alternate forms of the selective reminding procedure. Compared with lecithin alone, the combination of physostigmine and lecithin consistently enhanced memory storage and retrieval; physostigmine without lecithin produced no memory facilitation. The strategy of combining a cholinergic agonist and precursor holds promise, although a larger clinical trial is needed.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Physostigmine
PubMed: 534419
DOI: 10.1002/ana.410060307 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Oct 1978
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Humans; Physostigmine
PubMed: 697254
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-579_2 -
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Feb 1986The pharmacokinetics of physostigmine after intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration as well as its arousal effect after anaesthesia have been studied... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The pharmacokinetics of physostigmine after intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration as well as its arousal effect after anaesthesia have been studied in surgical patients in the early postoperative period. After intravenous administration physostigmine had a very rapid plasma elimination with a plasma clearance ranging from 47 to 163 l/h with a mean +/- s.d. of 92.5 +/- 37.7 l/h. The volume of distribution was 46.5 +/- 19.2 l, while distribution and plasma elimination half-lives were 2.3 and 22 min, respectively. A fraction of the dose was probably hydrolyzed in blood since its blood elimination half-life in vitro was approximately 190 min. After both intramuscular and subcutaneous administration the systemic availability was almost complete, the plasma terminal half-lives only being somewhat longer than after intravenous administration. Plasma clearance, volume of distribution and elimination half-life of physostigmine were not correlated to age or body weight of the patients. The rapid plasma clearance of physostigmine resulted in a short duration of antisedative effect. After administration of 1 mg physostigmine salicylate i.v., drug-induced sedation was rapidly reversed with a duration of 30-60 min. The duration of action was similar after intramuscular injection but onset was delayed by 20-30 min. It was concluded that a plasma concentration of 3-5 ng/ml of physostigmine should be exceeded if an adequate analeptic effect is to be achieved, meaning that 2 mg of physostigmine had to be administered subcutaneously in order to achieve a satisfactory reversal of sedation. The short duration of action may hamper the use of physostigmine as an agent for reversal of drug-induced sedation and anticholinergic effects after surgery.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Arousal; Biological Availability; Female; Half-Life; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Physostigmine; Postoperative Period
PubMed: 3705906
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1986.tb02392.x