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The American Journal of Clinical... Nov 1998Genetically modified, low-phytic acid strains of maize were developed to enhance mineral absorption, but have not been tested previously in humans. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Genetically modified, low-phytic acid strains of maize were developed to enhance mineral absorption, but have not been tested previously in humans.
OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the mineral and phytic acid contents of a low-phytic acid "flint" maize (LPM, the lpa-1-1 mutant) and its parent, wild-type strain (WTM) and measured iron absorption from tortillas prepared with each type of maize and from a reference dose of ferrous ascorbate.
DESIGN
Proximate composition and mineral and phytic acid contents were measured by standard techniques. Iron absorption from tortillas was evaluated by using the extrinsic tag method and was measured as the incorporation of radiolabeled iron into the red blood cells of 14 nonanemic men 2 wk after intake.
RESULTS
The phytic acid content of LPM was 3.48 mg/g, approximately 35% of the phytic acid content of WTM; concentrations of macronutrients and most minerals were not significantly different between strains. Iron absorption results were adjusted to 40% absorption of ferrous ascorbate. Iron absorption was 49% greater from LPM (8.2% of intake) than from WTM (5.5% of intake) tortillas (P < 0.001, repeated-measures analysis of variance).
CONCLUSION
Consumption of genetically modified, low-phytic acid strains of maize may improve iron absorption in human populations that consume maize-based diets.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Food Handling; Humans; Inositol Phosphates; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Phytic Acid; Zea mays
PubMed: 9808232
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.5.1123 -
The Journal of Nutrition May 2003The importance of trace element bioavailability in the etiology of nutritional deficiencies, for example in the etiology of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia,... (Review)
Review
The importance of trace element bioavailability in the etiology of nutritional deficiencies, for example in the etiology of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, can be expected to be most pronounced in individuals with high requirements. Of special concern is the situation in poor communities where infants and young children are consuming monotonous, cereal-based diets. Traditionally, cereal-based gruels are often one of the first semisolid foods to be introduced into the infant's diet. These foods can be expected to have low energy and nutrient density as well as low bioavailability of iron due to the presence of phytic acid. Ascorbic acid is a potent enhancer of non-heme iron absorption that can overcome the inhibiting effect of phytic acid when present in high enough quantities. However, home prepared complementary foods based on cereals and legumes contain negligible amounts of ascorbic acid unless ascorbic acid-rich foods are mixed with the cereal or consumed at the same time. Different approaches to improve iron bioavailability from plant-based complementary foods, e.g., by enzymatic degradation of phytic acid and/or by increased consumption of ascorbic acid-rich foods, should be explored and adapted to local conditions. In addition, there is a need to evaluate efficacy and effectiveness of strategies to increase the dietary intake of bioavailable iron by dietary diversification and food fortification under realistic conditions.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Biological Availability; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 12730466
DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.5.1560S -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... May 2004Lipid oxidation and color stability of meats treated with irradiated phytic acid were investigated during storage for 2 weeks at 4 degrees C. The phytic acid in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Lipid oxidation and color stability of meats treated with irradiated phytic acid were investigated during storage for 2 weeks at 4 degrees C. The phytic acid in deionized distilled water (DDW) was degraded by irradiation at 10 and 20 kGy, and the irradiated phytic acid showed a strong antiradical activity. For measuring the antioxidant effects of irradiated phytic acid in food models, beef and pork were prepared with DDW (control), irradiated (10 and 20 kGy) or non-irradiated phytic acid, and ascorbic acid as a model system. Irradiated phytic acid significantly inhibited the lipid oxidation in meats compared to the control and ascorbic acid treated samples during storage (P < 0.05). The redness of the meats treated with phytic acid had a higher value than did the control and ascorbic acid treated samples, but a significant difference was not observed in the samples treated with phytic acid regardless of irradiation treatment. Irradiated phytic acid was also effective in inhibiting the loss of heme iron and metmyoglobin formation during storage. Results indicated that irradiation might be helpful for improving the antioxidant activity of phytic acid in meats.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Color; Gamma Rays; Lipid Peroxidation; Meat; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 15113159
DOI: 10.1021/jf035203w -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Aug 1994The influence of phytic acid on the properties of zinc phosphate cement was studied by adding 2-13 wt% phytic acid to the liquid. Improved mechanical strength and...
The influence of phytic acid on the properties of zinc phosphate cement was studied by adding 2-13 wt% phytic acid to the liquid. Improved mechanical strength and stability were found for some cements prepared from commercial powders when liquids with increased phytic acid content were used. The results indicate that the formation of increased amounts of zinc phytate has a favorable effect on the properties of zinc phosphate cement.
Topics: Aluminum; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Testing; Phosphoric Acids; Phytic Acid; Stress, Mechanical; Zinc Phosphate Cement
PubMed: 7985505
DOI: 10.3109/00016359409029048 -
Food Chemistry Apr 2015The feasibility of measuring phytic acid content in green gram (Vigna radiata) seeds was investigated by Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopic...
The feasibility of measuring phytic acid content in green gram (Vigna radiata) seeds was investigated by Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopic technique. Pure phytic acid standards of varying concentrations were scanned using FTNIR spectroscopy. The spectra were measured in diffused reflectance mode by keeping 100-1500 mg/100g standard of pure phytic acid in small sample cuvette. A calibration model was developed using pure phytic acid standards of varying concentrations in the near-infrared region (4000-12,000 cm(-1)). FT-NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics, using the first derivative plus vector normalisation method could predict the phytic acid content in green gram seeds samples. The developed model was validated using cross-validation technique. Maximum coefficient of determination (R(2)) value of 0.97 was obtained for the calibration model developed. The developed model was applied to predict phytic acid content in green gram seeds samples within 1-2 min. The developed procedure was further validated by recovery studies by comparing with UV spectroscopic method of phytic acid determination.
Topics: Fabaceae; Phytic Acid; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 25442633
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.049 -
World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 1987
Review
Topics: Biological Availability; Food; Food Analysis; Humans; Minerals; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 3327233
DOI: 10.1159/000415199 -
Biomolecules May 2023Phosphorylated inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring carbohydrate, and its parent compound, myoinositol (Ins), is abundantly present in plants,... (Review)
Review
Phosphorylated inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring carbohydrate, and its parent compound, myoinositol (Ins), is abundantly present in plants, particularly in certain high-fiber diets, but also in mammalian cells, where they regulate essential cellular functions. IP6 has profound modulation effects on macrophages, which warrants further research on the therapeutic benefits of IP6 for inflammatory diseases. Here, we review IP6 as a promising compound that has the potential to be used in various areas of dentistry, including endodontics, restorative dentistry, implantology, and oral hygiene products, due to its unique structure and characteristic properties. Available as a dietary supplement, IP6 + Ins has been shown to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect associated with preventing and suppressing the progression of chronic dental inflammatory diseases. IP6 in dentistry is now substantial, and this narrative review presents and discusses the different applications proposed in the literature and gives insights into future use of IP6 in the fields of orthodontics, periodontics, implants, and pediatric dentistry.
Topics: Child; Humans; Inositol; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 37371493
DOI: 10.3390/biom13060913 -
Biosensors & Bioelectronics Apr 2004Phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) and phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) play an important environmental role in poultry industry and have a health aspect in food industry....
Phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) and phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) play an important environmental role in poultry industry and have a health aspect in food industry. Novel biosensors have been developed for simple, one step quantitative phytic acid and phytase detection. A system based on the sequentially acting enzyme phytase and pyruvate oxidase (POD) was employed for the development of phytase and phytic acid biosensors. Poly(carbamoylsulphonate) (PCS) hydrogel immobilized POD electrode was applied for the detection of phytase. It was based on the indication of phosphate ions produced by the hydrolysis of phytic acid. The phytase biosensor showed a linear response ranging from 0.5 to 6.0 units/ml. A bi-enzyme sensor based on co-immobilization of phytase and POD was developed for the detection of phytic acid on the basis of amperometric detection of the enzymatically-generated hydrogen peroxide at 0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl. It showed a linear response ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 mM with a detection limit of 0.002 mM.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Biosensing Techniques; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Phytic Acid; Pyruvate Oxidase; Temperature; Time Factors
PubMed: 15018958
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.10.005 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2017Phytases are phosphatases which stepwise remove phosphates from phytic acid or its salts. β-Propeller phytase (BPPhy) belongs to a special class of microbial phytases... (Review)
Review
Phytases are phosphatases which stepwise remove phosphates from phytic acid or its salts. β-Propeller phytase (BPPhy) belongs to a special class of microbial phytases that is regarded as most diverse, isolated and characterized from different microbes, mainly from Bacillus spp. BPPhy class is unique for its Ca-dependent catalytic activity, strict substrate specificity, active at neutral to alkaline pH and high thermostability. Numerous sequence and structure based studies have revealed unique attributes and catalytic properties of this class, as compared to other classes of phytases. Recent studies including cloning and expression and genetic engineering approaches have led to improvements in BPPhy which provide an opportunity for extended utilization of this class of phytases in improving animal nutrition, human health, plant growth promotion, and environmental protection, etc. This review describes the sources and diversity of BPPhy genes, biochemical properties, Ca dependence, current developments in structural elucidation, heterogeneous expression and catalytic improvements, and multifarious applications of BPPhy.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Bacillus; Biotechnology; Calcium; Catalysis; Enzyme Stability; Genetic Variation; Humans; Kinetics; Phytic Acid; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 28174082
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.134 -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Oct 2023Phosphorous actively participates in numerous metabolic and regulatory activities of almost all living organisms including animals and humans. Therefore, it is... (Review)
Review
Phosphorous actively participates in numerous metabolic and regulatory activities of almost all living organisms including animals and humans. Therefore, it is considered as an essential macronutrient required supporting their proper growth. On contrary, phytic acid (PA), an antinutritional substance, is widely known for its strong affinity to chelate essential mineral ions including PO , Ca , Fe , Mg , and Zn . Being one the major reservoir of PO ions, PA has great potential to bind PO ions in diverse range of foods. Once combined with P, PA transforms into an undigested and insoluble complex namely phytate. Produced phytate leads to a notable reduction in the bioavailability of P due to negligible activity of phytases in monogastric animals and humans. This highlights the importance and consequent need of enhancement of phytase level in these life forms. Interestingly, phytases, catalyzing the breakdown of phytate complex and recycling the phosphate into ecosystem to its available form, have naturally been reported in a variety of plants and microorganisms over past few decades. In pursuit of a reliable solution, the focus of this review is to explore the keynote potential of bacterial phytases for sustainable management of phosphorous via efficient utilization of soil phytate. The core of the review covers detailed discussion on bacterial phytases along with their widely reported applications viz. biofertilizers, phosphorus acquisition, and plant growth promotion. Moreover, meticulous description on fermentation-based strategies and future trends on bacterial phytases have also been included.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Phytic Acid; 6-Phytase; Ecosystem; Phosphorus; Phosphates
PubMed: 37042496
DOI: 10.1002/bab.2466