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Free Radical Biology & Medicine 1990Phytic acid is a natural plant antioxidant constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen and spores. By virtue of forming a unique iron chelate it... (Review)
Review
Phytic acid is a natural plant antioxidant constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen and spores. By virtue of forming a unique iron chelate it suppresses iron-catalyzed oxidative reactions and may serve a potent antioxidant function in the preservation of seeds. By the same mechanism dietary phytic acid may lower the incidence of colonic cancer and protect against other inflammatory bowel diseases. Its addition to foods inhibits lipid peroxidation and concomitant oxidative spoilage, such as discoloration, putrefaction, and syneresis. A multitude of other industrial applications are based on the antioxidant function of phytic acid.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chelating Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Colonic Neoplasms; Food Preservation; Humans; Iron; Phytic Acid; Protein Binding
PubMed: 2182395
DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(90)90146-a -
Physiologia Plantarum 2023Rice with a black-colored pericarp (hereafter, black rice) is well-known as an antioxidant-rich food, but a high grain phytic acid (PA) concentration affects its...
Rice with a black-colored pericarp (hereafter, black rice) is well-known as an antioxidant-rich food, but a high grain phytic acid (PA) concentration affects its nutritional quality. However, phytic acid helps improve seedling vigor, which is crucial for enhancing subsequent plant growth. This study investigated the effect of seed phytic acid concentration in black rice on seedling vigor compared to the effects on white rice. In the first experiment, three phytic acid concentrations in the seeds of black rice, low (LPA, 15.5 mg g per seed), medium (MPA, 24.7 mg g per seed), and high (HPA, 35.4 mg g per seed) were tested for seedling vigor in phosphorus-deficient soils. The HPA seedlings showed substantially increased seedling vigor and shoot P uptake due to early root development and enhanced physiological processes. LPA grown seedlings showed increased ethylene production in response to P stress, which is the main physiological mechanism modulating seedling growth under P stress conditions. In the second experiment, the three phytic acid concentrations in black and white rice seeds were tested under low and high soil P conditions. Again, LPA seedlings showed significantly reduced seedling vigor in both rice varieties in P-deficient soils. Interestingly, seed phytic acid and external P application had an additive effect on seedling vigor, suggesting that the combined effect further improved seedling growth. Our results reveal that black rice seeds with a HPA concentration can be used as a seed source for planting in P-deficient ecosystems for rice plants as they can increase seedling vigor and subsequent growth, thus reducing dependence on finite P resources.
Topics: Seedlings; Phytic Acid; Oryza; Phosphorus; Soil; Biological Availability; Ecosystem; Seeds; Germination
PubMed: 37043305
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13913 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Sep 2009The article gives an overview of phytic acid in food and of its significance for human nutrition. It summarises phytate sources in foods and discusses problems of phytic... (Review)
Review
The article gives an overview of phytic acid in food and of its significance for human nutrition. It summarises phytate sources in foods and discusses problems of phytic acid/phytate contents of food tables. Data on phytic acid intake are evaluated and daily phytic acid intake depending on food habits is assessed. Degradation of phytate during gastro-intestinal passage is summarised, the mechanism of phytate interacting with minerals and trace elements in the gastro-intestinal chyme described and the pathway of inositol phosphate hydrolysis in the gut presented. The present knowledge of phytate absorption is summarised and discussed. Effects of phytate on mineral and trace element bioavailability are reported and phytate degradation during processing and storage is described. Beneficial activities of dietary phytate such as its effects on calcification and kidney stone formation and on lowering blood glucose and lipids are reported. The antioxidative property of phytic acid and its potentional anticancerogenic activities are briefly surveyed. Development of the analysis of phytic acid and other inositol phosphates is described, problems of inositol phosphate determination and detection discussed and the need for standardisation of phytic acid analysis in foods argued.
Topics: Animals; Chelating Agents; Diet; Female; Food Analysis; Food Handling; Humans; Male; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 19774556
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900099 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... May 2021Phytic acid (PA) is the primary phosphorus reserve in cereals and legumes which serves the biosynthesis needs of growing tissues during germination. It is generally... (Review)
Review
Phytic acid (PA) is the primary phosphorus reserve in cereals and legumes which serves the biosynthesis needs of growing tissues during germination. It is generally considered to be an anti-nutritional factor found in grains because it can bind to minerals, proteins, and starch, limiting their bioavailability. However, this same mineral binding property can also confer a number of health benefits such as reducing the risk of certain cancers, supporting heart health, and managing renal stones. In addition, the ability of PA to bind minerals allows it to be used in certain food quality applications such as stabilizing the green color of vegetables, preventing lipid peroxidation, and reducing enzymatic browning in fruits/vegetables. These beneficial properties create a potential for added-value applications in the utilization of PA in many new areas. Many possible processing techniques for the preparation of raw materials in the food industry can be used to reduce the concentration of PA in foods to mitigate its anti-nutritional effects. In turn, the recovered PA by-products could be available for novel uses. In this review, a general overview of the beneficial and anti-nutritional effects of PA will be discussed and then dephytinization methods will be explained.
Topics: Edible Grain; Food Handling; Minerals; Nutritive Value; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 33992384
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110284 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023Root canal infections are associated with biofilms and are treated with chemical irrigants with a high success rate. However, treatment failure does arise, which is...
Root canal infections are associated with biofilms and are treated with chemical irrigants with a high success rate. However, treatment failure does arise, which is attributed primarily to resistance exhibited by biofilms. Currently used irrigants in root canal treatment have disadvantages, and there is therefore a need for more biocompatible alternatives with antibiofilm properties to reduce root canal treatment failure and complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm properties of phytic acid (IP6), which is a potential alternative treatment agent. Single- and dual-species biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were developed on the well surfaces of 12-well plates and on hydroxyapatite (HA) coupons, and then exposed to IP6. In addition, selected HA coupons were preconditioned with IP6 before biofilm development. IP6 demonstrated bactericidal effects and altered the metabolic activity of biofilm cells. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy showed that IP6 caused significant and rapid reduction in live biofilm cells. At sublethal concentrations, IP6 did not alter the expression of tested virulence genes except for C. albicans , the expression of which was upregulated but not reflected by a change in hyphal transformation. IP6-preconditioned HA coupons led to extensive inhibition of dual-species biofilm formation. The results of this study highlight for the first time the antibiofilm inhibitory properties of IP6 and the potential for its exploitation in several clinical applications. Root canal infections are biofilm associated, and despite mechanical and chemical treatment procedures, infection recurrence occurs, and this is likely due to the high tolerance of associated biofilms to antimicrobials. The currently used treatment agents have several disadvantages, which necessitates the search for new improved agents. In this study, the natural chemical phytic acid was found to exhibit antibiofilm activity against established mono and dual mature biofilms over a short contact time. Most importantly, phytic acid was found to cause significant inhibition of dual-species biofilm formation when used as a surface preconditioning agent. The findings of this study identified a novel use of phytic acid as a potential antibiofilm agent that can be used in several clinical applications.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Candida albicans; Biofilms
PubMed: 37191582
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00267-23 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Phytic acid (IP6) is a promising and emerging agent, and because of its unique structure and distinctive properties, it lends itself to several applications in...
BACKGROUND
Phytic acid (IP6) is a promising and emerging agent, and because of its unique structure and distinctive properties, it lends itself to several applications in dentistry. Recently, IP6 was proposed as a potential chelating agent in endodontics. However, there is limited knowledge regarding its antimicrobial and antibiofilm effectiveness. The aims of this study, were therefore to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of IP6 against a range of microbial species and compare these with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The contact time required for IP6 to exert its bactericidal effect on was also determined.
METHODS
The inhibitory and biocidal activities of IP6, EDTA and NaOCl were assessed using a broth microdilution assay against 11 clinical and reference strains of bacteria and a reference strain of . The contact time required for various IP6 concentrations to eliminate planktonic cultures of was determined using a membrane filtration method according to BS-EN-1040:2005. IP6 bactericidal activity was also evaluated using fluorescent microscopy, and the antibiofilm activity of the test agents was also determined.
RESULTS
IP6 was biocidal against all tested microorganisms. At concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%, IP6 required 5 min to exert a bactericidal effect on , while 5% IP6 was bactericidal after 30 s. IP6 also eradicated biofilms of the tested microorganisms. In conclusion, IP6 had notable antimicrobial effects on planktonic and biofilm cultures and exhibited rapid bactericidal effects on . This research highlighted, for the first time the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of IP6, which could be exploited, not only in dental applications, but also other fields where novel strategies to counter antimicrobial resistance are required.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Endodontics; Enterococcus faecalis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 34765567
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753649 -
Bimodal Antimicrobial Surfaces of Phytic Acid-Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Cationic Polymer Networks.Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jun 2023Surface modification plays a pivotal role in tailoring the functionalities of a solid material. Introduction of antimicrobial function on material surfaces can provide...
Surface modification plays a pivotal role in tailoring the functionalities of a solid material. Introduction of antimicrobial function on material surfaces can provide additional protection against life-threatening bacterial infections. Herein, a simple and universal surface modification method based on surface adhesion and electrostatic interaction of phytic acid (PA) is developed. PA is first functionalized with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) via metal chelation and then conjugates with cationic polymers (CPs) through electrostatic interaction. With the aid of surface adherent PA and gravitation effect, the as-formed PA-PB-CP network aggregates are deposited on the solid materials in a substrate-independent manner. Synergistic bactericidal effects of "contact-killing" induced by the CPs and localized photothermal effect caused by the PB NPs endow the substrates with strong antibacterial performance. Membrane integrity, enzymatic activity, and metabolism function of the bacteria are disturbed in contact with the PA-PB-CP coating under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The PA-PB-CP modified biomedical implant surfaces exhibit good biocompatibility and synergistic antibacterial effect under NIR irradiation, and eliminate the adhered bacteria both in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Polymers; Phytic Acid; Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37026671
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300354 -
Analytica Chimica Acta Aug 2020A rapid, sensitive and low-fouling sensor for application to detect clinical biomarkers directly in biological media is highly desirable. Herein, we report a versatile...
A rapid, sensitive and low-fouling sensor for application to detect clinical biomarkers directly in biological media is highly desirable. Herein, we report a versatile strategy to prepare polyaniline (PANI) based conducting polymer hydrogel through the assembly of PANI and phytic acid (PA) by dynamic boronate bond. PANI/PA, a conductive hydrogel with high specific area and multiple pore structures have demonstrated excellent antifouling ability and electrochemical property. The electrochemical biosensors for microRNA can be developed by the immobilization of DNA probes onto PANI/PA interface (microRNA24 is used as a model case), and redox currents of PANI were utilized as the sensing signals to assay DNA/RNA hybridization reaction. Owing to the typical characteristics of PANI/PA hydrogel, the biosensor has shown excellent sensing performances with wide linear range (1.0 fM-1.0 pM), low sensing limit (0.34 fM) and efficient ability to detect microRNA mismatches. Given the facile processability, excellent stability and good antifouling property of the PANI/PA hydrogel, the proposed hydrogel-based biosensor may find broad applications in clinical diagnostics and biomedical devices.
Topics: Biofouling; Biosensing Techniques; Electrochemical Techniques; Hydrogels; MicroRNAs; Phytic Acid; Polymers
PubMed: 32534662
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.025 -
Nutrition and Cancer 1993Large differences exist between human populations in the frequency of colonic cancer. Epidemiological evidence indicates that these differences are strongly influenced... (Review)
Review
Large differences exist between human populations in the frequency of colonic cancer. Epidemiological evidence indicates that these differences are strongly influenced by country of residence, and a negative correlation has been found between the fiber content of the diet and frequency of colonic cancer. This has prompted the hypothesis that high-fiber diets are in some way protective. However, reanalysis of the dietary data provides equally strong support for the hypothesis that the protective element may be phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate). This heat- and acid-stable substance is present in high concentration in many food items, including cereal grains, nuts, and seeds. Phytic acid forms chelates with various metals and suppresses damaging iron-catalyzed redox reactions. Inasmuch as colonic bacteria have been shown to produce oxygen radicals in appreciable amounts, dietary phytic acid might suppress oxidant damage to intestinal epithelium and neighboring cells. Indeed, rapidly accumulating data from animal models indicate that dietary supplementation with phytic acid may provide substantial protection against experimentally induced colonic cancer. Should further investigations yield additional support for this hypothesis, purposeful amplification of dietary phytic acid content would represent a simple method for reducing the risk of colonic carcinogenesis.
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Dietary Fiber; Free Radicals; Humans; Iron Chelating Agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 8383315
DOI: 10.1080/01635589309514232 -
Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 2020Phytic acid, a constituent of various plants, has been related to health benefits. Phytic acid has been shown to inhibit purine nucleotide metabolism in vitro and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Phytic acid, a constituent of various plants, has been related to health benefits. Phytic acid has been shown to inhibit purine nucleotide metabolism in vitro and suppress elevation of plasma uric acid levels after purine administration in animal models. This study investigated the effect of phytic acid on postprandial serum uric acid (SUA) in humans. This randomized, double-blind, crossover design study included 48 healthy subjects with normal fasting SUA. Subjects consumed a control drink and a phytic acid drink with purine-rich food, and serum and urine uric acid levels were measured for 360 min after purine loading. Phytic acid lowered the incremental area under the curve (0-360 min) and incremental maximum concentration of SUA after purine loading ( < 0.05); tended to lower cumulative urinary uric acid excretion (0-360 min) after purine loading ( < 0.10); and suppressed postprandial SUA in this clinical study. Altogether, our findings suggest that phytic acid may play a beneficial role in controlling postprandial SUA.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phytic Acid; Purines; Uric Acid; Young Adult
PubMed: 31469027
DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1656337