-
Journal of the Science of Food and... Mar 2020Phytic acid (PA) is an anti-nutrient present in cereals and pulses. It is known to reduce mineral bioavailability and inhibit starch-digesting α-amylase (which requires...
BACKGROUND
Phytic acid (PA) is an anti-nutrient present in cereals and pulses. It is known to reduce mineral bioavailability and inhibit starch-digesting α-amylase (which requires calcium for activity) in the human gut. In principle, the greater the amount of PA, the lower is the rate of starch hydrolysis. It is reflected in the lower glycemic index (GI) value of food. People leading sedentary lifestyles and consuming rice as a staple food are likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Hence, this study was planned to understand how PA content of different rice varieties affects the GI.
RESULTS
Rice Khira and Mugai which had very low PA (0.30 and 0.36 g kg , respectively) had higher GI values and α-amylase activity, while Nua Dhusara and the pigmented rice Manipuri black rice (MBR) which had high PA (2.13 and 2.98 g kg , respectively) showed low α-amylase activity and GI values. This relationship was statistically significant, though a weak relationship was found for the pigmented rice. Expression levels of MIPSI, IPKI and GBSSI markedly increased in the middle stage of grain development in all of the six genotypes having contrasting PA and GI. Maximum expression of MIPSI and IPKI was observed in Nua Dhusara and MBR (which had high PA) while that of GBSSI was observed in Khira and Mugai (with higher GI) at middle stage showing a negative correlation between PA and GI.
CONCLUSIONS
The data indicate that high PA content in rice might have an adverse effect on starch digestibility resulting in slower starch digestion in the human gut and consequently low glycemic response. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Digestion; Gastric Mucosa; Glycemic Index; Humans; Models, Biological; Oryza; Phytic Acid; Starch; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 31773736
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10168 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023In this study, chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA) were employed as raw materials to synthesize a range of chitosan-phytic acid complexes (CP) with different ratios...
In this study, chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA) were employed as raw materials to synthesize a range of chitosan-phytic acid complexes (CP) with different ratios (CS:PA = 12:1, 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:1). The structures and elemental compositions of the compounds were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The thermal stability of the synthesized materials was analyzed using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TG). Electrochemical testing was conducted to explore the corrosion inhibition effect of the modified inhibitors with varying ratios on Q235 steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Additionally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was utilized to investigate the surface morphology of the immersed samples. When the CS:PA ratio was 3:1, CP exhibited an impressive corrosion inhibition efficiency of 94.9 %. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of CP were evaluated using the colony plate counting method. At a CS:PA ratio of 1:1, CP demonstrated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 0.1250 % and 0.5000 %, respectively. This research introduces a novel green corrosion inhibitor capable of simultaneously reducing the electrochemical corrosion of Q235 while inhibiting biocorrosion, avoiding the antagonistic effects arising from the simultaneous use of biocides and corrosion inhibitors in the system.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Chitosan; Corrosion; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37729982
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126905 -
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry Sep 2000This review describes the present state of knowledge about phytic acid (phytate), which is often present in legume seeds. The antinutritional effects of phytic acid... (Review)
Review
This review describes the present state of knowledge about phytic acid (phytate), which is often present in legume seeds. The antinutritional effects of phytic acid primarily relate to the strong chelating associated with its six reactive phosphate groups. Its ability to complex with proteins and particularly with minerals has been a subject of investigation from chemical and nutritional viewpoints. The hydrolysis of phytate into inositol and phosphates or phosphoric acid occurs as a result of phytase or nonenzymatic cleavage. Enzymes capable of hydrolysing phytates are widely distributed in micro-organisms, plants and animals. Phytases act in a stepwise manner to catalyse the hydrolysis of phytic acid. To reduce or eliminate the chelating ability of phytate, dephosphorylation of hexa- and penta-phosphate forms is essential since a high degree of phosphorylation is necessary to bind minerals. There are several methods of decreasing the inhibitory effect of phytic acid on mineral absorption (cooking, germination, fermentation, soaking, autolysis). Nevertheless, inositol hexaphosphate is receiving increased attention owing to its role in cancer prevention and/or therapy and its hypocholesterolaemic effect.
Topics: Fabaceae; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Minerals; Neoplasms; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Phytic Acid; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 11198165
DOI: 10.1007/BF03179796 -
Experimental Dermatology Jun 2021Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a prototype of heritable ectopic calcification disorders, affects the skin, eyes and the cardiovascular system due to inactivating...
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a prototype of heritable ectopic calcification disorders, affects the skin, eyes and the cardiovascular system due to inactivating mutations in the ABCC6 gene. There is no effective treatment for the systemic manifestations of PXE. In this study, the efficacy of INS-3001, an analogue of phytic acid, was tested for inhibition of ectopic calcification in an Abcc6 mouse model of PXE. In prevention study, Abcc6 mice, at 6 weeks of age, the time of onset of ectopic calcification, were treated with INS-3001 with 0.16, 0.8, 4, 20 or 100 mg/kg/day administered by subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pumps, as well as 4 mg/kg/day by subcutaneous injection thrice weekly or 14, 4 and 0.8 mg/kg/day once weekly subcutaneous injection. Mice were necropsied at 12 weeks of age. Histologic examination and quantitative calcium assay revealed that mice receiving 6 weeks of continuous INS-3001 administration via osmotic pumps showed dose-dependent inhibition of muzzle skin calcification with complete response at 4 mg/kg/day and a minimum effective dose at 0.8 mg/kg/day. INS-3001 plasma concentrations were dose-dependent and largely consistent during treatment for each dose. thrice weekly and once weekly subcutaneous injections of INS-3001 also prevented calcification. In established disease study, 12-week-old Abcc6 mice with extensive calcification were continuously administered INS-3001 at 4 mg/kg/day for a follow-up of 12 weeks. INS-3001 treatment was found to stabilize existing calcification that had developed at start of treatment. These results suggest that INS-3001 may provide a promising preventive treatment strategy for PXE, a currently intractable ectopic calcification disorder.
Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Phytic Acid; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
PubMed: 33523493
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14288 -
Journal of Dentistry Jan 2023To study phytic acid (IP6) effect on collagen solubilization by assessing hydroxyproline (HYP) release, evaluate its binding to demineralized (DD) and mineralized dentin...
OBJECTIVES
To study phytic acid (IP6) effect on collagen solubilization by assessing hydroxyproline (HYP) release, evaluate its binding to demineralized (DD) and mineralized dentin (MD) and determine the effect of different media on debinding of IP6.
METHODS
Demineralized dentin beams were incubated in 1%, 2% or 3% IP6 and HYP release was evaluated at 1 or 3 weeks and compared to those obtained in untreated control or phosphoric acid (PA)-treated beams. DD or MD powder was treated with 1%, 2% or 3% IP6 and the decrease in IP6 amount was quantitated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. IP6-treated samples were re-suspended in distilled water, ethanol, urea or sodium chloride and the amount of IP6 displaced was determined.
RESULTS
At 1 week, the control group and IP6 showed lower HYP release when compared to PA (P < 0.05). There was no difference among PA, IP6 and control at 3 weeks (P = 0.22). IP6 binding was concentration dependent. 1% IP6 had higher binding potential with MD compared to DD while 2% IP6 showed the opposite result (P<0.05). 3% IP6 had similar binding values between DD and MD (P = 0.53). The highest debinding in MD occurred with urea for 2%, 3% and 1% IP6 in descending manner. Within each concentration of IP6 in DD, the highest debinding effect was reported with ethanol.
CONCLUSIONS
IP6 bound to DD and MD in a concentration-dependent manner. IP6 was debound from DD mostly by the action of ethanol, while in MD, urea caused the most displacement. Collagen solubilization of IP6-treated DD was comparable to untreated DD.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
These findings add to the potential use of IP6 as an alternative to PA for dentin etching which possibly results in long-term stability of resin-dentin adhesion.
Topics: Dentin; Phytic Acid; Ethanol; Collagen
PubMed: 36379300
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104361 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Dec 2022Vitamins C, E, and A and substances of plant origin, including azelaic acid and phytic acid are frequently used in cosmetic preparations to counteract oxidative stress...
Clinical evaluation of anti-aging effects of combined therapy-Azelaic acid, phytic acid, and vitamin C applied layer by layer in females with Fitzpatrick skin types II and III.
INTRODUCTION
Vitamins C, E, and A and substances of plant origin, including azelaic acid and phytic acid are frequently used in cosmetic preparations to counteract oxidative stress and negative effects of free radicals. The aim of the study was to evaluate a novel combined therapy consisting of azelaic acid, ascorbic acid, and phytic acid applied layer on layer.
METHODS
Twenty study participants received a series of eight treatments performed every 7 days. Twenty percent azelaic acid and then 30% phytic acid were applied to the entire face, while 40% l-ascorbic acid only on the left side. The preparations were applied layer by layer. Skin parameters were measured before the series of treatments (T0), after the series of eight treatments (T1-8 weeks), and 1 month after the end of the treatment (T2-12 weeks).
RESULTS
The application of two and three active compounds resulted in a significant improvement in erythema and hyperpigmentation both on the forehead and the cheeks, however, more pronounced effects were observed when all the three active compounds were used. Both applied types of treatment considerably increased skin moisture. All the participants (100%) were satisfied with the effects of the treatment. A majority of them reported an improvement in skin hydration, firmness, and elasticity, more uniform skin tone and a reduction of skin redness and wrinkles.
CONCLUSIONS
Topical application of these active compounds resulted in improvement of skin elasticity and flexibility, reduction of wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, erythema, and telangiectasia as well as amelioration of skin tone.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ascorbic Acid; Phytic Acid; Vitamins; Skin Aging; Aging; Hyperpigmentation
PubMed: 36056802
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15359 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Jul 2021In order to improve early osseointegration and long-term survival rate of implants, a multifunctional titanium surface that promotes osteogenesis and antibacterial...
In order to improve early osseointegration and long-term survival rate of implants, a multifunctional titanium surface that promotes osteogenesis and antibacterial properties is expected. Incorporation of bioactive trace elements such as magnesium ions was proved a promising method to improve osseointegration of titanium. Phytic acid has strong chelating ability with multivalent cations, which has been used in surface modification. Moreover, phytic acid was proved antibacterial potential. Herein, to improve the osteogenic and antibacterial properties, a phytic acid-magnesium (PA-Mg) layer was introduced on titanium using phytic acid as a cross-linker molecule. No obvious changes of the surface characterization were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the PA-Mg layer covalently bond to the Ti surface, and the thickness of the PA-Mg layer was about 150 nm. Besides, improved hydrophilic and more protein adsorption were observed on Ti-PA-Mg. Notably, a relatively controlled magnesium release was also observed on Ti-PA-Mg. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells showed better adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation on Ti-PA-Mg samples, indicating improved biocompatibility and osteoinductivity. Moreover, Ti-PA-Mg had better antibacterial properties against porphyromonas gingivalis than Ti. Overall, the PA-Mg layer on Ti surface improved the osteogenic and antibacterial properties, which may have promise for use in dental implantation.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Magnesium; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Phytic Acid; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 33872830
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111768 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Feb 2021Phytic acid (PA) is a new type of naturally occurring pharmaceutical for afflictions such as cancer, diabetes, and renal calculi. The efficient, low-cost extraction of...
Phytic acid (PA) is a new type of naturally occurring pharmaceutical for afflictions such as cancer, diabetes, and renal calculi. The efficient, low-cost extraction of PA from biowaste is much sought after. Herein, highly pure PA was obtained from rice bran by adsorption at low pH onto porous chitosan nanofiber hydrogels. Due to the large surface area of the chitosan nanofiber-based porous hydrogels, the adsorption equilibrated within 60 min. Adsorption of PA was influenced by the buffer pH, temperature, and the ratio of chitosan in the hydrogel. PA was recovered by soaking the hydrogel in alkaline solution. After concentrating the solution and washing the residue with ethanol, highly pure sodium phytate was obtained with 32.2%-38.7% yield, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and high-performance liquid chromatography. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the recovery of pure PA in high yield without using toxic solvents.
Topics: Adsorption; Chitosan; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hydrogels; Nanofibers; Oryza; Phytic Acid; Reference Standards; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 33589922
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa087 -
Bioorganic Chemistry May 2021A new myo-inositol pentakisphosphate was synthesized, which featured a dansyl group at position C-5. The fluorescent tag was removed from the inositol by a 6-atom spacer...
A new myo-inositol pentakisphosphate was synthesized, which featured a dansyl group at position C-5. The fluorescent tag was removed from the inositol by a 6-atom spacer to prevent detrimental steric interactions in the catalytic site of phytases. The PEG linker was used in order to enhance hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the new artificial substrate. Computational studies showed a favorable positioning in the catalytic site of phytases. Enzymatic assays demonstrated that the tethered myo-inositol was processed by two recombinant phytases Phy-A and Phy-C, classified respectively as acid and alkaline phytases, with similar rates of phosphate release compared to their natural substrate.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Fluorescent Dyes; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phosphatidylcholines; Phytic Acid; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 33744806
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104810 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jul 2024Soymilk is a high-quality source of protein and minerals, such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). However, phytic acid in soymilk restricts mineral and protein...
BACKGROUND
Soymilk is a high-quality source of protein and minerals, such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). However, phytic acid in soymilk restricts mineral and protein availability. We here investigated the effects of removing phytic acid on the physicochemical properties, mineral (Ca, Fe, and Zn) bioaccessibility, and protein digestibility of soymilk.
RESULTS
Physicochemical property analysis revealed that the removal of phytic acid reduced protein accumulation at the gastric stage, thereby facilitating soymilk matrix digestion. The removal of phytic acid significantly increased Zn bioaccessibility by 18.19% in low-protein soymilk and Ca and Fe bioaccessibility by 31.20% and 30.03%, respectively, in high-protein soymilk.
CONCLUSION
Removing phytic acid was beneficial for the hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight proteins and increased the soluble protein content in soymilk, which was conducive to protein digestion. This study offers a feasible guide for developing plant-based milk with high nutrient bioaccessibility. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Zinc; Soy Milk; Digestion; Iron; Calcium; Biological Availability; Humans; Soybean Proteins
PubMed: 38329463
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13367