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Minerva Dental and Oral Science Dec 2022Endodontic failure is due to the persistence of microorganisms, especially Enterococcus faecalis, which have become resistant to disinfection measures. Sodium...
BACKGROUND
Endodontic failure is due to the persistence of microorganisms, especially Enterococcus faecalis, which have become resistant to disinfection measures. Sodium hypochlorite has been traditionally used, whereas phytic acid, a natural irrigant, needs to be further investigated.
METHODS
This ex-vivo study compared the antibacterial effectiveness of 0.9% saline solution, 5% sodium hypochlorite and 5% phytic acid against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 into the apical root canal third of 96 single-rooted extracted teeth, after 1-minute push-and-pull irrigation - a basic irrigation technique. Survived microorganisms were evaluated both through a traditional colony-forming-unit count and introducing the viability PCR, which precisely detects only DNA from intact cells: dead and damaged cells were excluded thanks to a propidium monoazide dye.
RESULTS
The culture methods showed that 5% sodium hypochlorite (median: 0 CFU/mL) has a significant greater antibacterial effectiveness (P<0.001) compared both to 0.9% saline solution (median: 4.76 CFU/mL) and 5% phytic acid (median: 0.25 CFU/mL). However, 5% phytic acid proved to be significantly more effective (P<0.001) than 0.9% saline solution. The viability PCR did not reveal a significant difference between 5% sodium hypochlorite (median: 4.12×10 survived bacteria) and 0.9% saline solution (median: 8.45×10 survived bacteria). Five percent phytic acid (median: 0.83×10 survived bacteria) was significantly more effective than both 0.9% saline solution (P<0.001) and 5% sodium hypochlorite (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that 5% phytic acid works against root canal bacteria even with a basic irrigation technique and viability PCR seems to lead to more reliable and sensitive data rather than the culture methods.
Topics: Sodium Hypochlorite; Dental Pulp Cavity; Enterococcus faecalis; Phytic Acid; Saline Solution; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36760199
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-6329.22.04614-9 -
Bioorganic Chemistry Nov 2019Phytic acid (IP6) is an ingredient in cereals and legumes, and limited amounts of this compound are considered to enter the cell and exert anti-cancer effects. These...
Phytic acid (IP6) is an ingredient in cereals and legumes, and limited amounts of this compound are considered to enter the cell and exert anti-cancer effects. These effects have been seen by studying cells treated with around 1-5 mM IP6. However, such a large amount of IP6 chelates metals and changes the pH in cell culture medium. To overcome this problem, we synthesized a prodrug of IP6 (Pro-IP6) and elucidated generation of IP6 from Pro-IP6 in cells. Cellular experiments using Pro-IP6 demonstrated selective anti-cancer effects including apoptosis and inhibition of Akt activation. Furthermore, an in vivo study using mice with adult T-cell leukemia also showed that Pro-IP6 reduced the size of the cancer. Taken together, Pro-IP6 is a useful biological tool and may lead to development of new anti-cancer drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; HeLa Cells; Humans; Jurkat Cells; K562 Cells; Leukemia, T-Cell; Mice; Molecular Structure; Phytic Acid; Prodrugs; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 31525525
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103240 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Feb 2024Medical device-associated infections (MDAI) caused by planktonic pathogens are of serious concern worldwide due to the emergence of drug resistance resulting from...
Medical device-associated infections (MDAI) caused by planktonic pathogens are of serious concern worldwide due to the emergence of drug resistance resulting from continuous overuse or misuse of antibiotics. Therefore, the design of non-antibiotics-based treatment for MDAI is of crucial importance. Black phosphorus (BP), a novel 2D material, has recently received much attention owing to its remarkable physical, chemical, mechanical, and functional features. However, the intricacy of the fabrication process has severely hampered the development of BP in prospective applications. In this study, a simple and eco-friendly liquid-phase exfoliation method of phytic acid (PA)-promoted exfoliation of BP nanosheets (PA@BP NSs) is developed for their potential application in antibacterial photothermal therapy. To impart the antimicrobial effects, the polydimethylsiloxane surfaces are functionalized with quaternized polymer (polyquaternium-2 or PQ) and PA@BP NSs, leading to the formation of PA-BP-PQ composite coatings. In addition to the contact-killing antibacterial effect of the cationic PQ, the PA-BP-PQ coating exhibits remarkable near-infrared irradiation-triggered bactericidal effects with low cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. This study proposes a simple liquid-phase exfoliation technique for the fabrication of BP NSs and a one-step approach for the construction of PA-BP-PQ composite coatings for bi-modal (contact-killing and photothermal) antimicrobial therapy.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Phosphorus; Phototherapy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Indans
PubMed: 37972607
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302058 -
Journal of Food Protection May 2019This study investigated the antimicrobial mechanism of phytic acid (PA) and its antibacterial effects in combination with ethanol. The MIC of PA on ATCC 11229, ATCC...
This study investigated the antimicrobial mechanism of phytic acid (PA) and its antibacterial effects in combination with ethanol. The MIC of PA on ATCC 11229, ATCC 6538P, ATCC 6633, and Typhimurium CICC 27483 were 0.24, 0.20, 0.26, and 0.28% (w/w), respectively. ATCC 11229 and ATCC 6538P were selected to investigate the mechanism of PA by analyzing its effects at 1/2MIC and at MIC on the cell morphology, intracellular ATP, and cell membrane integrity. Environmental scanning electron microscope images revealed that PA was able to change the cell morphology and disrupt the intercellular adhesion. PA retarded bacterial growth and caused cell membrane dysfunction, which was accompanied by decreased intracellular ATP concentrations. Flow cytometry analysis further revealed that almost all the bacterial cells were damaged after treatment with PA at its MIC for 2 h. Moreover, PA has a synergistic antimicrobial ability when used in combination with ethanol. These results suggested that PA is effective in inhibiting growth of foodborne pathogens mainly by the mechanism of cell membrane damage and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of natural antimicrobial agents in the food industry.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Adhesion; Food Microbiology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 31009250
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-418 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Mar 2024Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the...
Phytic Acid Maintains Peripheral Neuron Integrity and Enhances Survivability against Platinum-Induced Degeneration via Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhancing Mitochondrial Membrane Potential.
Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the question of whether PA can effectively protect sensory neurons against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy treatment often characterized by severe and abnormal pain in hands and feet resulting from peripheral nerve degeneration. Currently, there are no effective treatments available that can prevent or cure peripheral neuropathies other than symptomatic management. Herein, we aim to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of PA against the neurodegeneration induced by the chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin. Further aims of this study are to provide the proposed mechanism of PA-mediated neuroprotection. The neuronal protection and survivability against CDDP were characterized by axon length measurements and cell body counting of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. A cellular phenotype study was conducted microscopically. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by fluorogenic probe dichlorofluorescein. Likewise, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by fluorescent MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos. Similarly, the mitochondria-localized superoxide anion radical in response to CDDP with and without PA was evaluated. The culture of primary DRG neurons with CDDP reduced axon length and overall neuronal survival. However, cotreatment with PA demonstrated that axons were completely protected and showed increased stability up to the 45-day test duration, which is comparable to samples treated with PA alone and control. Notably, PA treatment scavenged the mitochondria-specific superoxide radicals and overall intracellular ROS that were largely induced by CDDP and simultaneously restored MMP. These results are credited to the underlying neuroprotection of PA in a platinum-treated condition. The results also exhibited that PA had a synergistic anticancer effect with CDDP in ovarian cancer in vitro models. For the first time, PA's potency against CDDP-induced PN is demonstrated systematically. The overall findings of this study suggest the application of PA in CIPN prevention and therapeutic purposes.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Ganglia, Spinal; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Phytic Acid; Platinum; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sensory Receptor Cells
PubMed: 38445956
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00739 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Here, a novel multifunctional coating containing bio-based phytic acid (PA), L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) is constructed by a simple soaking...
Here, a novel multifunctional coating containing bio-based phytic acid (PA), L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) is constructed by a simple soaking strategy, giving cotton fabrics excellent flame retardancy, washability, and antibacterial properties. The coating layer on the cotton surface was prepared via the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding between PA and L-Glu, accompanied by the interface polymerization between PA, L-Glu, and TMC. Among them, the limiting oxygen index value of the treated cotton fabrics (C and C-TMC) was as high as 40 %. During the vertical flammability test, both C and C-TMC cotton showed self-extinguished behavior with a short damaged length (≤50 mm). Remarkably, the LOI of C-TMC sustained a high value (30 %) even after 300 laundering cycles, maintaining its self-extinguishing behavior in the vertical combustion test. Additionally, in the cone calorimetry test, peak heat release rate and total heat release of treated cotton were lower than control cotton. Surprisingly, after 30 or 60 laundering cycles, the C-TMC cotton exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans due to the continuous exposure of PA and L-Glu. Moreover, the coating layer on the cotton surface had little impact on the mechanical properties and feel of the fabric.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Cotton Fiber; Flame Retardants; Amino Acids; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Textiles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38719000
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132135 -
Chemico-biological Interactions Jan 2024Hyperglycaemia causes impairment of osteogenic differentiation and accelerates stem cell senescence, resulting in weakened osteogenesis and disordered bone metabolism....
Hyperglycaemia causes impairment of osteogenic differentiation and accelerates stem cell senescence, resulting in weakened osteogenesis and disordered bone metabolism. Phytic acid (PA) is an antioxidant that is reportedly beneficial to bone homeostasis. The present study aims to clarify how PA affects the osteogenic capacity and cellular senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exposed to high-glucose environments, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms. Our results indicate that osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs cultivated in high-glucose conditions is enhanced by PA, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and staining, Alizarin Red S staining, osteogenic marker in in vitro studies, and increased osteogenesis in animal experiments. PA also prevented high-glucose-induced senescence of BMSCs, as evidenced by the repression of reactive oxygen species production, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and P21 and P53 expression. Furthermore, it was found that PA rescued the high-glucose-inhibited expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK). The inhibition of ERK pathway by the specific inhibitor PD98059 blocked the PA-enhanced osteogenesis of BMSCs and promoted cell senescence. Our results revealed that PA enhances osteogenic differentiation and inhibits BMSC senescence in a high-glucose environment. In addition, the activation of the ERK pathway seems to mediate the beneficial effects of PA. The findings provide novel insights that could facilitate bone regeneration in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Osteogenesis; Phytic Acid; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Cell Differentiation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Bone Marrow Cells
PubMed: 38000455
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110818 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Aug 2020The recovery of algal biomass is one of the critical steps involved in the commercial production of beneficial metabolites from . Efficient and safe harvesting methods...
UNLABELLED
The recovery of algal biomass is one of the critical steps involved in the commercial production of beneficial metabolites from . Efficient and safe harvesting methods that do not sacrifice quality of final product are important for commercial application. Phytic acid (PA) is a natural non-toxic phytochemical widely distributed in plant tissues. Effect of PA from rice bran on the growth, trichome morphology such as spiral number and algal filament length, and harvesting efficiency of were investigated. Cells aggregated into large cell flocs after the addition of PA in the medium, and algal spiral number and filament length increased. UV-vis spectra indicated the interactions between PA and algal cells. Adding PA at stationary growth phase is a good strategy for harvesting, since no adverse effect to biomass growth and harvesting efficiency. Harvesting efficiency of 95.69% at 0.5% (v/v) PA was superior to other conventional harvesting methodologies.
ABBREVIATIONS
PA: Phytic acid; PUFAs: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization; γ-PGA: Poly (γ-glutamic acid); CNF: Cellulose nanofibrils; NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies; SOT: -Ogawa-Terui; CG: Control group; pI: Isoelectric point.
Topics: Biomass; Flocculation; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Oryza; Phytic Acid; Spirulina
PubMed: 32419628
DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1767498 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2017Phytic acid-stabilized FeO-graphene oxide (GOPA@FeO) was assembled by microwave-enhanced hydrothermal synthesis and super-amphipathicity was demonstrated by measurement...
Phytic acid-stabilized FeO-graphene oxide (GOPA@FeO) was assembled by microwave-enhanced hydrothermal synthesis and super-amphipathicity was demonstrated by measurement of dynamic oil and water contact angles. GOPA@FeO was used as a sorbent for enrichment of eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from vegetable oils by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The extraction-desorption factors were systematically investigated and, under optimum conditions, the super-amphiphilic sorbent achieved wide linear ranges (0.2-200ngg), satisfactory precision (3.44-6.64% for intra-day and 5.39-8.41% for inter-day) and low limits of detection (LODs, 0.06-0.15ngg) for PAHs. Excellent recoveries (85.6-102.3%) for spiked PAHs were obtained with genuine vegetable oil samples. These results indicate that MSPE using GOPA@FeO as the sorbent, coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is an efficient and simple method for the detection of low concentrations of PAHs in vegetable oils.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Graphite; Oxides; Phytic Acid; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Solid Phase Extraction
PubMed: 28554613
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.054 -
Analytical Biochemistry Sep 1999The autohydrolysis of phytic acid at 120 degrees C resulted in the formation of most of the phosphate esters of myo-inositol in varying amounts depending upon the...
The autohydrolysis of phytic acid at 120 degrees C resulted in the formation of most of the phosphate esters of myo-inositol in varying amounts depending upon the reaction time. Eighteen of the 39 chromatographically distinct myo-inositol mono-, bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, pentakis-, and hexakisphosphates have been characterized using two different HPLC systems. These myo-inositol phosphates were partially purified by preparative anion-exchange chromatography under acidic and alkaline elution conditions. The combination of these two methods provides a two-tiered chromatographic approach to the rapid and sensitive identification of inositol phosphates in complex mixtures. Identification of the products was confirmed by 1D and 2D (1)H NMR analysis. The analytical procedure was applied to the autohydrolysis of the mixture of inositol phosphates from corn steep water.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Hot Temperature; Hydrolysis; Inositol Phosphates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 10469496
DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4220