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Plant Foods For Human Nutrition... Sep 1989Four varieties of common bean seeds stored at 4 degrees C, 80% relative humidity, for one to eight years showed no differences in proximal chemical composition, Seeds...
Four varieties of common bean seeds stored at 4 degrees C, 80% relative humidity, for one to eight years showed no differences in proximal chemical composition, Seeds 5-6 years old absorbed more water than 1 to 4 year-old seeds. The cooking time required for five year-old seeds was 6 hours, while the fresh seeds needed 3/4-to-one hour cooking time. The most remarkable difference was in phytic acid content, which decreased 94% to 98% during long storage.
Topics: Fabaceae; Globulins; In Vitro Techniques; Pectins; Phytic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Time Factors
PubMed: 2608633
DOI: 10.1007/BF01091932 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Mar 2018Phytic acid is considered as an antinutrient. Ca addition during germination has been proved to be an effective method for reducing phytic acid content in seeds. In this...
BACKGROUND
Phytic acid is considered as an antinutrient. Ca addition during germination has been proved to be an effective method for reducing phytic acid content in seeds. In this study, mung bean sprouts were treated with LaCl (La), verapamil (VP), ruthenium red (RR), and CaCl to explore the effect of Ca influxes on phytic acid degradation.
RESULTS
CaCl (6 mmol L ) significantly improved extracellular and intracellular calcium precipitates and calcium content, elevated phytase and acid phosphatase activity, and further enhanced phytic acid degradation. Conversely, La, VP, or RR induced the opposite results. Among them, RR exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect. Decreased PA, PAP, MIPP, and ALP gene expression after VP or RR treatment was also observed. Enhanced or weakened extracellular Ca influx or intracellular Ca efflux was detected with increased or decreased calcium precipitates distributed in different compartments. However, CaCl addition differentially reversed the inhibitory effects of all channel blockers.
CONCLUSION
CaCl enhanced Ca influxes and accumulation in cells, which contributed to the regulation of phytic acid degradation. This study demonstrates that calcium channels play an essential role in mediating phytic acid degradation in mung bean sprouts, and both extracellular and intracellular Ca -regulation were involved in phytic acid degradation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Calcium; Cell Membrane; Germination; Phytic Acid; Seeds; Vigna
PubMed: 28926677
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8680 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jan 2014Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation was...
BACKGROUND
Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation was applied to degrade phytic acid in SM. Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol was investigated to increase the degradation rate. The first stage was to maximize phytase production and the second stage was to realize the maximum enzymatic degradation.
RESULTS
In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. The nutritional profile of fermented SM was also studied. Oligosaccharides were totally removed after fermentation and 67% of total non-reducing polysaccharides were decreased. Protein content increased by 9.5%.
CONCLUSION
Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Animal Feed; Animals; Aspergillus oryzae; Enzyme Stability; Fermentation; Nutritive Value; Phytic Acid; Soybean Oil; Glycine max; Temperature
PubMed: 23633040
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6209 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Dec 2020Complementary feeding of breastfed infants with foods high in bioavailable zinc (Zn) can help meet physiological requirements for Zn. Some infant cereals contain high...
BACKGROUND
Complementary feeding of breastfed infants with foods high in bioavailable zinc (Zn) can help meet physiological requirements for Zn. Some infant cereals contain high concentrations of phytic acid (PA) and calcium (Ca) that may reduce absorbable Zn.
OBJECTIVES
This study measured PA, Zn and Ca concentrations in selected infant cereals sold in Canada and investigated the effects of dietary PA and Ca at concentrations present in infant cereals on Zn bioavailability in rats.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (36-day old) were fed a control diet containing normal Zn (29.1 mg/kg) and Ca (4.95 g/kg) or six test diets (n = 12/diet group). Test diets were low in Zn (8.91-9.74 mg/kg) and contained low (2.16-2.17 g/kg), normal (5.00-5.11 g/kg) or high (14.6-14.9 g/kg) Ca without or with added PA (8 g/kg). After 2 weeks, rats were killed and Zn status of the rats was assessed. PA, Zn and Ca concentrations in infant cereals (n = 20) differed widely. PA concentrations ranged from undetectable to 16.0 g/kg. Zn and Ca concentrations ranged from 7.0-29.1 mg/kg and 0.8-13.4 g/kg, respectively. The [PA]/[Zn] and [PA × Ca]/[Zn] molar ratios in infants cereals with detectable PA (16 of 20 cereals) ranged from 22-75 and 0.9-14.9 mol/kg, respectively, predicting low Zn bioavailability. Body weight, body composition (lean and fat mass), right femur weight and length measurements and Zn concentrations in serum and femur indicated that diets higher in Ca had a more pronounced negative effect on Zn status of rats fed a PA-supplemented diet. Addition of PA to the diet had a greater negative effect on Zn status when Ca concentration in the diet was higher.
CONCLUSION
These results show that, in rats, higher concentrations of dietary Ca and PA interact to potentiate a decrease in bioavailable Zn and may suggest lower Zn bioavailability in infant cereals with higher PA and Ca concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Calcium; Dietary Supplements; Edible Grain; Male; Phytic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Zinc
PubMed: 32950860
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126643 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Oct 2007The effects of phytic acid and microbial phytase on the flow and composition of endogenous protein at the terminal ileum of broiler chickens were investigated using the...
The effects of phytic acid and microbial phytase on the flow and composition of endogenous protein at the terminal ileum of broiler chickens were investigated using the peptide alimentation method. Phytic acid (fed as the sodium salt) was included in a synthetic diet at 8.5, 11.5 and 14.5 g/kg (or 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 g/kg phytate-phosphorus) and each diet was fed without or with an Escherichia coli-derived microbial phytase at 500 phytase units/kg diet. A control containing no phytate was fed as a comparison to estimate basal endogenous flows. Ingestion of phytic acid increased (P < 0.05) the flow of endogenous amino acids and N by an average of 47 % at the lowest phytic acid concentration and 87 % at the highest. The addition of microbial phytase reduced (P < 0.05) the inimical effects of phytic acid on endogenous amino acid flow at all dietary phytic acid levels. The composition of endogenous protein was also influenced (P < 0.10-0.001) by increasing phytic acid concentrations and phytase addition. The effects of phytic acid and phytase on endogenous flow and composition of endogenous protein, however, varied depending on the amino acid. It is concluded that the effects of phytase on amino acid digestibility may be mediated, in part, through a route of reduced endogenous loss.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Ileum; Male; Phytic Acid; Proteins
PubMed: 17524177
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507750894 -
Environmental Toxicology and... Sep 2023The use of in vivo models to assess nephrotoxicity has faced ethical limitations. A viable alternative is the ex vivo model that combines the 3 R principles with the...
The use of in vivo models to assess nephrotoxicity has faced ethical limitations. A viable alternative is the ex vivo model that combines the 3 R principles with the preservation of tissue histology. Here, we established a gentamicin nephrotoxicity model using pigs` kidney explants and investigated the effect of phytic acid (IP6) against gentamicin- induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 360 kidney explants were divided into control, gentamicin (10 mM), IP6 (5 mM), and gentamicin+IP6 groups. The activity of gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine levels, histological assessment, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine expression were analyzed. Exposure to gentamicin induced an increase in GGT activity, creatinine levels, lesion score, lipoperoxidation and IL-8 expression. Explants exposed to IP6 remained like the control. The addition of IP6 to gentamicin prevented tissue damage, increasing the antioxidant status and gene expression of IL-10. This model proved to be an adequate experimental approach for identifying nephrotoxins and potential products to modulate the toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Phytic Acid; Creatinine; Kidney; Antioxidants; Gentamicins; Renal Insufficiency; Oxidative Stress; Kidney Diseases
PubMed: 37562547
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104241 -
Phytochemical Analysis : PCA 2011Phytic acid is a ubiquitous and abundant natural component in many plant seeds, fruits and vegetables. Its biological and pharmaceutical functions are still...
INTRODUCTION
Phytic acid is a ubiquitous and abundant natural component in many plant seeds, fruits and vegetables. Its biological and pharmaceutical functions are still controversial. The examination on the level of phytic acid in foodstuffs and urine can provide valuable information for its dietary intake and metabolism.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a sensitive and reliable synchronous fluorescence protocol for determination of phytic acid in selected foodstuffs and human urine.
METHODOLOGY
Phytic acid efficiently catches Cu²+ ion in previously prepared Cu(II) -2,2'-bipyridine complex in aqueous solution, releasing the fluorescent 2,2'-bipyridine molecule and recovering synchronous fluorescence. The recovered fluorescence is proportional to the added phytic acid, by which the levels of phytic acid in the selected foodstuffs and human urine are quantified.
RESULTS
A calibration curve with a regression equation of I(f) = 37.745 + 39.245c (R² > 0.9988) showed good linearity over the range 0.18-17.50 mg/L phytic acid. The relative standard deviation at 95% confidence degree was less than 2.04% (n = 5), indicating that the procedures are reproducible. The detection and quantification limit of phytic acid were estimated to be 0.12 and 0.18 mg/L, respectively. By the proposed method, phytic acid in the selected foodstuffs and urine was determined to be 3.25-16.76 and 0.43-1.21 mg/L with recoveries of 96.8%-105.6% and 95.1%-104.2%, respectively. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the reported HPLC technique.
CONCLUSION
The developed method is sensitive, reliable and economical, which permits its practical application in quantitative analyses of trace phytic acid in foodstuffs and urine.
Topics: 2,2'-Dipyridyl; Calibration; Copper; Fluorescent Dyes; Food Analysis; Humans; Iron; Models, Chemical; Phytic Acid; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors
PubMed: 20821808
DOI: 10.1002/pca.1254 -
The Journal of Nutrition Nov 2012Limited data exist on iron absorption from NaFeEDTA and FeSO(4) in legume-based flours. The current study compared iron absorption from NaFeEDTA and FeSO(4) as... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Limited data exist on iron absorption from NaFeEDTA and FeSO(4) in legume-based flours. The current study compared iron absorption from NaFeEDTA and FeSO(4) as fortificants within and between red and white varieties of cowpea with different concentrations of polyphenols (PP) but similar phytic acid (PA)-to-iron molar ratios. We performed a paired crossover study in young women (n = 16). Red-cowpea (high-PP) and white-cowpea (low-PP) test meals (Tubani) were each fortified with ((57)Fe)-labeled NaFeEDTA or ((58)Fe)-labeled FeSO(4) and were randomly administered. Iron absorption was measured as erythrocyte incorporation of stable iron isotopes. Per serving, the mean (±SD) PP concentrations of the white- and red-cowpea-based meals were 74 ± 3.6 and 158 ± 1.8 mg, respectively, and the molar ratio of PA to iron was 3.0 and 3.3. Iron bioavailabilities from red and white cowpeas were 1.4 and 1.7%, respectively, in NaFeEDTA-fortified meals and 0.89 and 1.2%, respectively, in FeSO(4)-fortified meals. Compared with FeSO(4), fortification with NaFeEDTA increased the amount of iron absorbed from either of the cowpea meals by 0.05 to 0.08 mg (P < 0.05). Irrespective of the fortificant used, there was no significant difference in the amount of iron absorbed from the 2 varieties of cowpea. The results suggest that NaFeEDTA is more bioavailable in legume-based flours compared with FeSO(4). In cowpea-based flours, the major determinant of low iron absorption may be the high molar ratio of PA to iron and not variations in PP concentration.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biological Availability; Cross-Over Studies; Edetic Acid; Fabaceae; Female; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Food Analysis; Humans; Iron; Phytic Acid; Polyphenols; Young Adult
PubMed: 22990464
DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.164095 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Hyaline articular cartilage has unique physiological, biological, and biomechanical properties with very limited self-healing ability, which makes the process of...
Hyaline articular cartilage has unique physiological, biological, and biomechanical properties with very limited self-healing ability, which makes the process of cartilage regeneration extremely difficult. Therefore, research is currently focused on finding new and potentially better treatment options. The main objective of this in vivo study was to evaluate a novel biocement CX consisting of tetracalcium phosphate-monetit biocement hardened with a phytic acid-phytase mixture for the regeneration of osteochondral defects in sheep. The results were compared with tetracalcium phosphate-monetit biocement with classic fast-setting cement systems and untreated defects. After 6 months, the animals were sacrificed, and the samples were evaluated using macroscopic and histologic methods as well as X-ray, CT, and MR-imaging techniques. In contrast to the formation of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue on the untreated side, treatment with biocements resulted in the formation of tissue with a dominant hyaline cartilage structure, although fine fibres were present ( < 0.001). There were no signs of pathomorphological changes or inflammation. Continuous formation of subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage layers was present even though residual biocement was observed in the trabecular bone. We consider biocement CX to be highly biocompatible and suitable for the treatment of osteochondral defects.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; 6-Phytase; Phytic Acid; Cartilage, Articular; Wound Healing
PubMed: 37958674
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115690 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Nov 2001Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) is one of the most promising cancer chemopreventive agents. We investigated the mechanism by which phytic acid expresses...
Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) is one of the most promising cancer chemopreventive agents. We investigated the mechanism by which phytic acid expresses preventive action to cancer. Phytic acid inhibited the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in cultured cells treated with an H2O2-generating system, although it did not scavenge H2O2. Site-specific DNA damage by H2O2 and Cu(II) at GG and GGG sequences was inhibited by phytic acid, but not by myo-inositol. Phytic acid alone did not cause DNA damage and thus, it should not act as a prooxidant. We conclude that phytic acid acts as an antioxidant to inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species from H2O2 by chelating metals, resulting in chemoprevention of cancer.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemoprevention; Copper; DNA; DNA Damage; Deoxyadenosines; Drug Interactions; Genes, ras; Glucose Oxidase; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Phytic Acid; Protective Agents; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 11676478
DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5808