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Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jul 2004A high-performance anion exchange chromatographic method was adapted for the quantitative determination of phytic acid and inositol pentakisphosphate isomers (excluding...
A high-performance anion exchange chromatographic method was adapted for the quantitative determination of phytic acid and inositol pentakisphosphate isomers (excluding enantiomers) in foods. Because of the cost and limited availability of inositol phosphate standards, a phytic acid sodium salt standard was used for the calculation of an average relative response factor for the quantification of inositol pentakisphosphate isomers, and the purity of phytic acid sodium salt standard was also accurately established. The detection limits (S/N = 3) for phytic acid and inositol pentakisphosphates were in the range of 1.5-3.4 microM (0.1-0.2 microg/100 microL). This method has been successfully applied to the determination of phytic acid and inositol pentakisphosphates in a variety of beans and nuts after extraction with 0.5 M HCl and cleanup with solid phase extraction cartridges. The results demonstrated that there was a strong correlation between either the phytic acid content or the total content of phytic acid together with inositol pentakisphosphates and the total dietary fiber content in the group of all raw dry beans and in the group of raw dry black beans but not in the group of raw dry red kidney beans, which was probably due to the insufficient number of the raw dry red kidney bean samples.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fabaceae; Food Analysis; Inositol Phosphates; Nuts; Phytic Acid; Quality Control
PubMed: 15264889
DOI: 10.1021/jf035294x -
Electrophoresis Apr 2011Phytic acid (PA) and lower inositolphosphates (InsP(n) ) is the main storage form of phosphorus in grains or seeds. The content of PA and InsP(n) in different varieties...
Phytic acid (PA) and lower inositolphosphates (InsP(n) ) is the main storage form of phosphorus in grains or seeds. The content of PA and InsP(n) in different varieties of barley was analyzed by capillary isotachophoresis and online-coupled capillary isotachophoresis with CZE. The electrolytes (in demineralized water) for the isotachophoretic analysis consisted of 10 mM HCl, 14 mM glycylglycine, and 0.1% 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (leading) and 10 mM citric acid (terminating). The optimized electrolytes for the online coupling isotachophoresis with zone electrophoresis analysis were mixtures of 5 mM HCl, 7 mM glycylglycine, and 0.1% 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (leading), 20 mM citric acid, 10 mM glycylglycine, and 0.1% 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (background) and 10 mM citric acid (terminating). PA and all studied InsP(n) were separated within 25 min and detected by a conductivity detector. Simple sample preparation (acidic extraction), sufficient sensitivity, speed of analysis, and low running cost are important attributes of the electrophoretic methods. The method was used for the determination of PA and InsP(n) in barley varieties within an ongoing research project.
Topics: Electrophoresis, Capillary; Hordeum; Inositol Phosphates; Isotachophoresis; Phytic Acid; Seeds
PubMed: 21455911
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000578 -
Poultry Science May 2006The effect of the ingestion of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) on the digestibility of casein was investigated using growing broiler chickens....
The effect of the ingestion of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) on the digestibility of casein was investigated using growing broiler chickens. A total of 64 female Ross broilers were used in a precision feeding study. One group of 8 birds was fed a solution of glucose to estimate endogenous losses. Seven groups, each of 8 birds, were fed either casein, casein + 1,000 units of phytase activity (FTU), casein + 2,000 FTU, casein + 0.5 g of IP6, casein + 0.5 g of IP6 + 1,000 FTU, casein + 1 g of IP6, or casein + 1 g of IP6 + 1,000 FTU. The excretion of DM, amino acids, nitrogen, minerals, and phytate-phosphorus was determined over a 48-h period and nutrient digestibility coefficients were calculated. Casein was found to be highly digestible, with true coefficients of DM, N, and amino acid digestibility of between 0.85 and 1.0. However, the ingestion of IP6 reduced (P < 0.05) the digestibility coefficients of amino acids, N, and DM of casein compared with birds fed casein alone. Supplementation of the mixture of casein and IP6 with phytase improved (P < 0.05) the digestibility coefficients of amino acids compared with birds fed on casein and IP6 with no supplemental phytase. The excretion of endogenous minerals was increased (P < 0.05) by the ingestion of IP6 and reduced (P < 0.05) by the supplementation of IP6 with phytase. In the absence of exogenous phytase, the recovery of phytate-P in excreta was approximately 80%. However, the recovery of phytate-P was significantly reduced by the addition of exogenous phytase to the IP6/casein mixture. It can be concluded that the ingestion of IP6 reduces the digestibility coefficients of amino acids and the metabolizability of nitrogen of casein. This is likely to be mediated partially through increased endogenous losses. However, the addition of phytase can partially ameliorate the detrimental effects of IP6 on protein utilization.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Caseins; Chickens; Digestion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feces; Female; Nitrogen; Phytic Acid; Random Allocation
PubMed: 16673766
DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.5.878 -
AAPS PharmSciTech May 2024The primary factor underlying the virulence of Candida albicans is its capacity to form biofilms, which in turn leads to recurrent complications. Over-the-counter...
The primary factor underlying the virulence of Candida albicans is its capacity to form biofilms, which in turn leads to recurrent complications. Over-the-counter antifungal treatments have proven ineffective in eliminating fungal biofilms and the inflammatory cytokines produced during fungal infections. Chitosan nanoparticles offer broad and versatile therapeutic potential as both antifungal agents and carriers for antifungal drugs to combat biofilm-associated Candida infections. In our study, we endeavoured to develop chitosan nanoparticles utilising chitosan and the antifungal crosslinker phytic acid targeting C. albicans. Phytic acid, known for its potent antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, efficiently crosslinks with chitosan. The nanoparticles were synthesised using the ionic gelation technique and subjected to analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analysis. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited dimensions with a diameter (Dh) of 103 ± 3.9 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.33, and zeta potential (ZP) of 37 ± 2.5 mV. These nanoparticles demonstrated an antifungal effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 140 ± 2.2 µg/mL, maintaining cell viability at approximately 90% of the MIC value and reducing cytokine levels. Additionally, the nanoparticles reduced ergosterol content and exhibited a 62% ± 1.2 reduction in biofilm susceptibility, as supported by colony-forming unit (CFU) and XTT assays-furthermore, treatment with nanoparticles reduced exopolysaccharide production and decreased secretion of aspartyl protease by C. albicans. Our findings suggest that the synthesised nanoparticles effectively combat Candida albicans infections. In vivo studies conducted on a mouse model of vaginal candidiasis confirmed the efficacy of the nanoparticles in combating fungal infections in vivo.
Topics: Chitosan; Biofilms; Nanoparticles; Antifungal Agents; Animals; Candida albicans; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytic Acid; Female; Candidiasis; Particle Size; Drug Carriers; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cytokines
PubMed: 38724834
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02829-3 -
Materials Science & Engineering. C,... Oct 2018To improve the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a crack-free magnesium phytic acid/apatite composite coating was synthesized on AZ31...
To improve the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a crack-free magnesium phytic acid/apatite composite coating was synthesized on AZ31 substrate via chemical conversion deposition and followed a rapid microwave assisted treatment. The influences of pH values of the microwave solution on the morphology, composition and corrosion resistance properties of the composite coating were investigated. An apatite coating with bilayer structure was completely covered the magnesium phytic acid conversion coating after microwave radiation in the solution of pH 6.5, which reached the thickness of ~7.0 μm. During the electrochemical and immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF), the samples with composite coating exhibited a remarkably improved corrosion resistance, slower degradation rate and rapid inducing of Ca-P apatite deposition, suggesting that the composite coating could provide a long-time protection for substrates and promote the bioactivity of AZ31 magnesium alloys. Moreover, after 5 days of incubation, the composite coating showed non-cytotoxicity, good osteoblast adhesion and proliferation.
Topics: Alloys; Animals; Apatites; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Corrosion; Magnesium; Materials Testing; Mice; Microwaves; Osteoblasts; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 30033249
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.041 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Apr 1997The use of phytic acid to improve protein analysis by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is becoming more and more popular. Due to its size and number of negative charges...
The use of phytic acid to improve protein analysis by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is becoming more and more popular. Due to its size and number of negative charges (up to 12) it provides a high ionic strength combined with a low conductance resulting in an efficient decrease of wall adsorption for proteins. Because of its twelve acidic groups, phytic acid can be used as a buffer over a wide pH range (pH 2-11). The limited wall adsorption of proteins using phytic acid-containing buffers is observed for buffers with a pH of 5.5 and higher. With a monoprotic buffer, most of the investigated proteins show wall adsorption at the pH values studied. In case of a phytic acid buffer, wall adsorption is reduced by a factor of 2-4. The use of phytic acid both as a modifier and as a pH buffer results in more pronounced differences between the various protein mobilities compared with the use of monoprotic buffers. As a result this feature can be used to improve resolution in protein separations.
Topics: Buffers; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Phytic Acid; Proteins; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
PubMed: 9175279
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)01099-0 -
Analytica Chimica Acta Dec 2007A sensitive fluorimetric method for determination of phytic acid in human urine samples was described. The method was based on a fluorimetric replacement reaction, in...
A sensitive fluorimetric method for determination of phytic acid in human urine samples was described. The method was based on a fluorimetric replacement reaction, in which the added phytic acid replaced the Cu2+ ion from Cu2+-gelatin complex, liberating the fluorescent gelatin molecule. The fluorescence of the solution was accordingly recovered proportionally to the amount of the foreign phytic acid. The excitation wavelength was 273.5 nm and the characteristic emission wavelength was 305.0 nm, respectively. The calibration graph was obtained by plotting the recovered fluorescent intensity at maximum 305.0 nm against the added standard phytic acid, and was divided into two sections. One section was linear over the range of 0.40-2.40 mg L(-1) with a linear regression equation of I(f) = -0.895+15.146c (R2 > 0.9993), and the other over the range of 2.40-9.20 mg L(-1) with a linear regression equation of I(f) = -29.526+26.113c (R2 > 0.9996), respectively. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) at 95% confidence degree for a 2.0 mg L(-1) of standard phytic acid within 1 month was less than 1.26% (n = 5), indicating the procedure is reproducible. The detection and the quantification limits of phytic acid were estimated to be 0.23 and 0.40 mg L(-1), respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of phytic acid in urine samples and the found concentrations of phytic acid in urine were in the range of 0.49-0.75 mg L(-1) with recoveries of 96.2-108.8%. Comparison of the obtained results with the reported HPLC was performed, indicating the proposed method was reliable.
Topics: Calibration; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Copper; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluorometry; Gelatin; Humans; Ions; Models, Chemical; Phytic Acid; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Time Factors; Urinalysis
PubMed: 18036382
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.10.041 -
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Jan 2021The release of phosphorus from phytates occurs via sequential cleavage of phosphate groups. It was believed that, regardless of the properties of phytases, the rate of... (Review)
Review
The release of phosphorus from phytates occurs via sequential cleavage of phosphate groups. It was believed that, regardless of the properties of phytases, the rate of phytate dephosphorylation is limited by the first cleavage of any phosphate group. The position of the first cleaved-off phosphate group depending on the specificity of phytase. The inhibition of dephosphorylation initiation is not associated with the action mechanism of the enzyme and can be rather due to the insufficient phytase activity or low availability of phytates. The analysis of the transformations in the inositol hexakisphosphate (IP)→inositol (I) reaction chain shows that IP dephosphorylation as a whole limits the phosphate group removal from I(1,2,5,6)P (third reaction from the beginning of hydrolysis of phosphate bonds in PA). The lower availability of nutrients in the presence of phytates is not due to action of phytates, but is caused by PA anions (IP), which bind positively charged metal ions, amino acids, and proteins. The availability of nutrients increases as a result of the decrease in their binding caused by the decrease in the concentration of IP anions under the action of phytases. Phytases added to feeds play a lesser role in the digestion of phytates compared to natural enzymes and complement their action. The concept of extra-phosphoric effect has no scientific justification, since phytases exhibit only the phosphohydrolase activity and are not able to catalyze other reactions.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 33827406
DOI: 10.1134/S000629792114011X -
Biometals : An International Journal on... Apr 2008Phytic acid was extracted from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and fed to Wistar rats with or without zinc for 3 weeks. Animals were then sacrificed and bone and faecal...
Phytic acid was extracted from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and fed to Wistar rats with or without zinc for 3 weeks. Animals were then sacrificed and bone and faecal minerals were assessed. The ultra-structure of the bones was examined via scanning electron microscopy. Phytic acid extract or commercial phytic acid supplemented diets (D + Zn + PE or D + PE) displayed reduced bone calcium levels (101.27 +/- 59.11 and 119.27 +/- 45.36 g/kg) compared to the other test groups. Similarly, reduced calcium were observed in the control groups (D + Zn and D) fed formulated diets with or without zinc supplementation (213.14 +/- 15.31 and 210 +/- 6.88 g/kg) compared to the other test groups. The group fed supplemented commercial phytic acid diet (D + CP) demonstrated the lowest femur magnesium (3.72 +/- 0.13 g/kg) while the group fed phytic acid extract supplementation (D + PE) recorded the highest level (4.84 +/- 0.26 g/kg) amongst the groups. Femur iron was highest in the group fed commercial phytic acid supplemented diet (D + CP -115.74 +/- 2.41 g/kg) compared to the other groups. Faecal magnesium levels were significantly higher in the two test groups fed phytic acid extract with or without zinc (D + Zn + PE or D + PE) compared to all other groups. All the groups which had phytic acid supplemented diets had significantly thinner bone in the trabecular region, compared to the groups fed formulated diet or zinc supplemented formulated diet (D or D + Zn). These observations suggest that the consumption of foods high in phytic acid may contribute to a reduction in the minerals available for essential metabolic processes in rats.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Feces; Femur; Ipomoea batatas; Magnesium; Minerals; Phytic Acid; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Zinc
PubMed: 17562130
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9101-z -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Sep 2014In this work, three kinds of nanostructured silica-phytic acid (SiO2-PA) materials with diverse morphologies including spherical SiO2-PA (s-SiO2-PA), rod-like...
In this work, three kinds of nanostructured silica-phytic acid (SiO2-PA) materials with diverse morphologies including spherical SiO2-PA (s-SiO2-PA), rod-like (r-SiO2-PA), and helical SiO2-PA (h-SiO2-PA) were prepared with the help of electrostatic interaction. The SiO2-PA nanomaterials with different morphologies were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and circular dichroism spectrum (CD). Diverse morphologies of SiO2-PA were used as electrode decorated materials to achieve a high efficiency for electrochemical dopamine (DA) detection. The laccase biosensors were fabricated by immobilizing different morphologies of SiO2-PA nanomaterials and laccase onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, successively. Then the electrochemical responses of the different morphologies of nanostructured SiO2-PA nanomaterials to laccase were discussed. Results indicated that compared to laccase/s-SiO2-PA and laccase/r-SiO2-PA, the laccase/h-SiO2-PA-modified electrode showed the best electrochemical performances.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Dopamine; Laccase; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Phytic Acid; Silicon Dioxide; Surface Properties
PubMed: 25110941
DOI: 10.1021/la503104x