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Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2021The family Lecythidaceae has about 25 genera and 400 identified species, which are distributed especially in the pantropical region, mostly found in the tropics of... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The family Lecythidaceae has about 25 genera and 400 identified species, which are distributed especially in the pantropical region, mostly found in the tropics of Central and South America, Southeast Asia and Africa. The third most abundant family in Amazonian forests and the genus Eschweilera, with the large number of species in Lecythidaceae.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
The present review compiles information since the 1934s about of ethnopharmacology, and chemical constituents of species of Lecythidaceae, as well as a summary of the bioactivities shown by the extracts, fractions, and secondary metabolites.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All relevant information on ethnopharmacology, and chemical constituents of species of Lecythidaceae were gathered from electronic databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Information was also obtained from local books, PhD. and MSc. Dissertations.
RESULTS
The phytochemical diversity of the family was demonstrated with 180 different metabolites that have been reported from 25 species, most of them being triterpenes or flavonoids. The pharmacological studies carried out with the extracts, fractions and compounds showed promising antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.
CONCLUSION
The present review provides an insight into ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of species of Lecythidaceae. Based on the pharmacological studies it has been found that different plant species of Lecythidaceae possess a wide range of bioactivities such as anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antileishmanial, antibacterial and antifungal. These activities are due to the presence of bioactive compounds including triterpenoids and their glycosides derivatives, flavonoids, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, and other compounds. However, there are many plants, which have not been assessed pharmacologically and hence warrant further studies.
Topics: Animals; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Lecythidaceae; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations
PubMed: 33766758
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114049 -
Natural Product Research Nov 2021The genus includes about 100 different species. Among them, Forssk. (Orobanchaceae family), commonly known as broomrape, is a holoparasitic plant, noxious to legume... (Review)
Review
The genus includes about 100 different species. Among them, Forssk. (Orobanchaceae family), commonly known as broomrape, is a holoparasitic plant, noxious to legume crops that inhabits mainly in the Mediterranean basin. The aim of this review is to evaluate and organise the available reports on . Our research revealed that the plant is edible, relatively safe to ingest, historically used for the treatment of skin infections, ulcers and bowel disorders. In addition, it represents a rich source of nutrients, antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial compounds. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of twenty-two molecules, identified from different parts of the plant. The Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) analysis allowed predicting the biological activity of each compound. Furthermore, biological properties of extracts were reported. Therefore, here we elucidate the botanic, phytochemical and biological profile of , shedding light on a little characterised plant.
Topics: Antioxidants; Fabaceae; Orobanche; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 32162541
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1739042 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Oct 2021Cissampelos is a significant genus comprising of approximately 21 species of the medicinal plants (Menispermaceae). The plants of this genus are used in traditional... (Review)
Review
Cissampelos is a significant genus comprising of approximately 21 species of the medicinal plants (Menispermaceae). The plants of this genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as asthma, arthritis, dysentery, hyperglycemia, cardiopathy, hypertension and other related problems. These plants are rich in bioactive dibenzylisoquinoline and aborphine as well as small amounts of other ingredients. In recent years, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Cissampelos genus have been paid more and more attention due to their diversity. Herein, we compile the chemical constituents and biological activities on this genus, and summarize the C-NMR data of the main bioactive ingredients. All information comes from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CNKI. It provides valuable data for the future research and development of Cissampelos genus.
Topics: Arthritis; Asthma; Cissampelos; Dysentery; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 34387021
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100358 -
Current Vascular Pharmacology 2017There has been an increasing interest in the usage of natural products for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Regular... (Review)
Review
There has been an increasing interest in the usage of natural products for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Regular consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains has been shown to be negatively correlated with the risk of CVDs. These foods provide a diversity of nutrients and different bioactive compounds including phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals and fibers which play critical roles in the sustainability of optimal cardiovascular health. Plant-based foods or a nutritional cure are gradually being integrated into medical practice for CVD management partly due to the supporting experimental studies, clinical trials and epidemiological studies. These products have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic and hypocholesterolemic effects, depending on the dosage in cell and tissue cultures, animal models as well as in humans. The present review considers some novel ideas on some major phytochemicals which have been suggested to have protective and therapeutic potential in CVD. The data presented in this work have been compiled from studies that have mostly been carried out in recent years.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Food; Fruit; Humans; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Risk; Vegetables
PubMed: 28056757
DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666170105122616 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2022The pecan nutshell contains phytochemicals with various biological activities that are potentially useful in the prevention or treatment of diseases, such as cancer,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The pecan nutshell contains phytochemicals with various biological activities that are potentially useful in the prevention or treatment of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and metabolic imbalances associated with heart diseases.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to update this topic by means of a literature review and include those studies that contribute to the knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activities of pecan nutshell, particularly those related to the therapeutic potential against some chronic degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
METHODS
Exhaustive and detailed review of the existing literature was conducted using electronic databases.
CONCLUSION
The pecan nutshell is a promising natural product with pharmaceutical uses in various diseases. However, additional research related to the assessment of efficient extraction methods and characterization, particularly the evaluation of the mechanisms of action in new in vivo models, is necessary to confirm these findings and development of new drugs with therapeutic use.
Topics: Carya; Nuts; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 34986772
DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220105104355 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020Mushrooms have a long history of uses for their medicinal and nutritional properties. They have been consumed by people for thousands of years. Edible mushrooms are... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms have a long history of uses for their medicinal and nutritional properties. They have been consumed by people for thousands of years. Edible mushrooms are collected in the wild or cultivated worldwide. Recently, mushroom extracts and their secondary metabolites have acquired considerable attention due to their biological effects, which include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. Thus, in addition to phytochemists, nutritionists and consumers are now deeply interested in the phytochemical constituents of mushrooms, which provide beneficial effects to humans in terms of health promotion and reduction of disease-related risks. In recent years, scientific reports on the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of mushroom have been overwhelming. However, the bioactive compounds and biological properties of wild edible mushrooms growing in Southeast Asian countries have been rarely described. In this review, the bioactive compounds isolated from 25 selected wild edible mushrooms growing in Southeast Asia have been reviewed, together with their biological activities. Phytoconstituents with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities have been highlighted. Several evidences indicate that mushrooms are good sources for natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Agaricales; Antioxidants; Asia, Southeastern; Biological Products; Humans; Molecular Structure; Phenotype; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 32340227
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081972 -
African Journal of Traditional,... 2017Tragia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which contains about 152 species. Interestingly, most of the earlier investigations have been done using only five Tragia... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tragia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which contains about 152 species. Interestingly, most of the earlier investigations have been done using only five Tragia species, namely, , , , , and . The objective of the present review is to compile the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological studies of the selected five Tragia species reported in the literature.
METHODS
The reported data/information was retrieved mainly from the online databases of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Botanical Survey of India.
RESULTS
The present review elaborated the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological properties of the selected five Tragia species obtained from recent literature.
CONCLUSION
This review provides a basis for future investigation of Tragia species and, especially for those species that have not been explored for biological and pharmacological activities.
Topics: Euphorbiaceae; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 28480421
DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.11 -
Journal of Food Science Apr 2022Coriandrum sativum (coriander) is an edible herb in the family Apiaceae. The leaves, fruits, and stems of C. sativum have long been used as culinary spice due to their... (Review)
Review
Coriandrum sativum (coriander) is an edible herb in the family Apiaceae. The leaves, fruits, and stems of C. sativum have long been used as culinary spice due to their favorable odor. Traditional practitioners used this plant for treating different diseases like blepharitis, scabies, aphthous stomatitis, laryngitis, headache, and palpitation. In modern researches, coriander has demonstrated anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antimigraine, neuroprotective, analgesic, diuretic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Coriander contains a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals among which phenylpropenes, terpenoids, isocoumarins, phytosterols, and fatty acids are the most important. This review provides information about the botanical and ethnobotanical aspects, chemical profile, therapeutic uses in Islamic traditional medicine (ITM), and recent pharmacological studies of coriander effects. The results have shown that coriander and its monoterpenoid compound, linalool, can be considered as potential drug candidates for treating metabolic syndrome and different inflammatory conditions especially neural and CNS diseases.
Topics: Antioxidants; Coriandrum; Monoterpenes; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35279837
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16085 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Aug 2021Centaurium erythraea is an important medicinal plant in many countries, e.g. Morocco, Algeria, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and countries of Balkan Peninsula. It is used in... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Centaurium erythraea is an important medicinal plant in many countries, e.g. Morocco, Algeria, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and countries of Balkan Peninsula. It is used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. It is also used as an antiapoplectic, anticoagulant, anticholagogue, antipneumonic, hematocathartic, and as a hypotensive agent.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
In this review, previous reports on the taxonomy, botanical description, geographic distribution, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and toxicity of Centaurium erythraea were critically summarized.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Scientific search engines including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online, SciFinder, and Google Scholar were consulted to collect data on C. erythraea. The data presented in this work summarized the main reports on C. erythraea phytochemical compounds, ethnomedicinal uses, and pharmacological activities.
RESULTS
C. erythraea is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases such as diabetes, fever, rhinitis, stomach ailments, urinary tract infections, dyspeptic complaints, loss of appetite, and hemorrhoids, and as diuretic. The essential oils and extracts of C. erythraea exhibited numerous biological properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antileishmanial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, diuretic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, dermatoprotective, neuroprotective, and inhibitory agent for larval development. Phytochemical characterization of C. erythraea revealed the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites such as xanthonoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and fatty acids.
CONCLUSIONS
Ethnomedicinal studies demonstrated the use of C. erythraea for the treatment of various disorders. Pharmacological reports showed that C. erythraea especially its aerial parts and roots exhibited potent, and beneficial activities. These findings confirmed the link between the traditional medicinal use and the results of the scientific biological experiments. Considering these results, further investigation using diverse in vivo pharmacological assays are strongly recommended to validate the results of its traditional use. Toxicological tests and pharmacokinetic studies are also required to validate the safety and efficacy of C. erythraea and its bioactive contents.
Topics: Animals; Centaurium; Ethnobotany; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 33940085
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114171 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves... (Review)
Review
Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves with polar and nonpolar solvents has yielded many C-glycosyl flavones, including schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin. Aside from studies with different extracts, there is increasing interest to understand the properties of these components, especially regarding their ability to exert anti-inflammatory effects on cells and tissues. A major focus for this review is to obtain information on the effects of extracts and its phytochemical components on inflammatory signaling pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system. Particular emphasis is placed on their role to target the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the antioxidant defense pathway involving nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); and the phospholipase A (PLA) pathway linking to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of eicosanoids. The ability to provide a better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanism of action of extracts and their phytochemical components should encourage future studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for better use of this herb to combat inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Acanthaceae; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 35684542
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113607