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Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2022The frequent intake of whole foods and dietary food variety is recommended due to their health benefits, such as prevention of multiple chronic diseases, including... (Review)
Review
The frequent intake of whole foods and dietary food variety is recommended due to their health benefits, such as prevention of multiple chronic diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Often, consuming whole fruits or vegetables showed the enhanced effects than consuming the individual dietary supplement from natural products, which is widely explained by the interactive effects of co-existing phytochemicals in whole foods. Although research relevant to interactive effects among the bioactive compounds mounted up, the mechanism of interaction is still not clear. Especially, biological influence factors such as bioavailability are often neglected. The present review summarizes the progress on the synergistic and antagonistic effects of dietary phytochemicals, the evaluating models for antioxidant interactions, and the possible interaction mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, and with an emphasis on biological-related molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals. The research on the interaction mechanism is of value for guiding how to take advantage of synergistic effects and avoid antagonistic effects in daily diets or phytochemical-based treatments for preventing chronic diseases.
Topics: Antioxidants; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fruit; Humans; Phytochemicals; Vegetables
PubMed: 33612011
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1888693 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jul 2020Sauropus androgynus L. Merr is an underexploited perennial shrub traditionally used as a medicinal plant in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The plant is regarded as not... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Sauropus androgynus L. Merr is an underexploited perennial shrub traditionally used as a medicinal plant in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The plant is regarded as not just a green vegetable for diet, but as a traditional herb for certain aliments. For instance, it has traditionally been used to relieve fever, to treat ulcers and diabetes, to promote lactation and eyesight, and to reduce obesity.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This paper aims to review the botany, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacological activities of S. androgynus, and discuss the known chemical constituents at work in S. androgynus-induced bronchiolitis obliterans for providing new ideas to the mechanism of the disease and pharmacology research of the plant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data presented in this review were collected from published literatures as well as the electronic databases of PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, SCI finder, ACS, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor, Google Scholar, and a number of unpublished resources, (e.g. books, and Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations).
RESULTS
The scientific literature indicates that S. androgynus is a valuable and popular herbal medicine whose nutritional value is also higher than that of other commonly used vegetables. Phytochemical analyses identified high content of fatty acids, flavonoids, and polyphenols as the major bioactive components in S. androgynus. Crude extracts and phytochemical compounds isolated from S. androgynus show a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, skin whitening, anti-diabetic, and immunoregulatory activities. The traditional use, such as increasing lactation, treating ulcers and diabetes, and reducing obesity, have been evaluated and studied with various methods. Numerous reports have revealed the unusual link between the consumption of S. androgynus and the induction of a chronic and irreversible obstructive disease (namely, bronchiolitis obliterans), indicating that the toxicity and side effects of this plant that is presently used in health care and medicine are a major area of concern.
CONCLUSION
Though little importance was attached to this green plant, S. androgynus has notable phytochemical constituents and various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Studies have firmly established the association between excessive consumption of the uncooked S. androgynus juice over a period of time and the occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans. It is inadvisable to ingest excessive amounts of S. androgynus before fully understanding the pathogenesis and induction mechanism of this fatal disease. The phytochemistry of S. androgynus, its pharmacology for traditional use, S. androgynus-induced bronchiolitis obliterans still need further investigation.
Topics: Animals; Asia; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 32205260
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112778 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Traditionally, species are widely used in traditional medicine, human food, and animal feed. Recently, special attention has been dedicated to seeds as source of... (Review)
Review
Traditionally, species are widely used in traditional medicine, human food, and animal feed. Recently, special attention has been dedicated to seeds as source of health-promoting phytochemicals. This review provides a summary of recent research on the seed phytochemistry, bioactivity, dietary importance, and toxicity by screening the major online scientific database sources and papers published in recent decades by Elsevier, Springer, and John Wiley. The search was conducted covering the period from January 1964 to July 2022. Phytochemically, polyphenols, glucosinolates, and their degradation products were the predominant secondary metabolites in seeds. Different extracts and their purified constituents from seeds of species have been found to possess a wide range of biological properties including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities. These valuable functional properties of seeds are related to their richness in active compounds responsible for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and COVID-19. Currently, the potential properties of seeds and their components are the main focus of research, but their toxicity and health risks must also be accounted for.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Brassica; COVID-19; Ethnopharmacology; Glucosinolates; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Seeds
PubMed: 36144744
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186008 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022, a small bush of the Rhamnaceae family, has been widely used in traditional folk medicine, is rich in bioactive molecules, and has many reported pharmacological and... (Review)
Review
, a small bush of the Rhamnaceae family, has been widely used in traditional folk medicine, is rich in bioactive molecules, and has many reported pharmacological and therapeutic properties. : To gather the current knowledge related to the medicinal characteristics of . Specifically, its phytochemical contents and pharmacological activities in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, are discussed. : Major scientific literature databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Chemical Abstracts, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts, Henriette's Herbal Homepage, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, were searched to retrieve articles related to the review subject. General web searches using Google and Google scholar were also utilized. The search period covered articles published between 1980 and the end of October 2021.The search used the keywords '', AND ('phytochemical content', 'pharmacological properties, or activities, or effects, or roles', 'anti-inflammatory', 'anti-drought', 'anti-thermal', 'anthelmintic', 'antidiabetic',' anticancer', 'anticholinesterase', 'antimicrobial', 'sedative', 'antipyretic', 'analgesic', or 'gastrointestinal'). : This plant is rich in characteristic alkaloids, especially cyclopeptide alkaloids such as nummularine-M. Other phytochemicals, including flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, and phenolic compounds, are also present. These phytochemicals are responsible for the reported pharmacological properties of , including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anticancer, analgesic, and gastrointestinal activities. In addition, has anti-drought and anti-thermal characteristics. : Research into the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of has demonstrated that this plant is a rich source of novel bioactive compounds. So far, has shown a varied pharmacological profile (antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective), warranting further research to uncover the therapeutic potential of the bioactives of this plant. Taken together, may represent a new potential target for the discovery of new drug leads.
Topics: Alkaloids; Antioxidants; Ethnopharmacology; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Ziziphus
PubMed: 35807485
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134240 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Shionone is a triterpenoid that is the primary constituent of an important ancient Chinese medicine named Radix Asteris. It has emerged as an attractive candidate... (Review)
Review
Shionone is a triterpenoid that is the primary constituent of an important ancient Chinese medicine named Radix Asteris. It has emerged as an attractive candidate against different important diseases, including interstitial cystitis, colitis, cancer, Parkinson's disease, and urinary tract infections, and was found to have a protective effect on multiple organs, including the colon, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bladder. The anti-inflammation activity of shionone may be considered an important property that imparts the positive health outcomes of shionone. Important molecular targets and markers such as TNF-α, STAT3, NLRP3, and NF-κB were also found to be targeted by shionone and were verified in different diseases. This suggests the possible potential of shionone against other diseases associated with these targets. Pharmacokinetic studies also support the therapeutic potential of shionone and provide the initial track that may be pursued for its development. Yet, the compilation of the pharmacological activities of shionone and its important genes and pathway targets are absent in the existing literature, which would direct its development as a therapeutic and/or supplement. Hence, the present review provides a compilation of information concerning pharmacological activities, highlights the existing holes, and proposes a specific direction for the expansion of shionone as a therapeutic against different diseases and conditions.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Triterpenes; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38202771
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010189 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Oct 2013Herbal tea is a commonly consumed beverage brewed from the leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, stems and roots of plants species rather than Camellia sinensis L., which has... (Review)
Review
Herbal tea is a commonly consumed beverage brewed from the leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, stems and roots of plants species rather than Camellia sinensis L., which has been widely used for health care and diseases prevention for centuries. With the increasing consumption of herbal tea, a number of public health issues e.g., efficacy, safety and quality assurance have attracted concern. However, to date, there is no a review focus on herbal tea. Phytochemical analysis, as a key step to investigate the chemical composition of herbal tea and ensure the quality, is very important. In this review, we summarized and discussed the recent development (2005-2012) in phytochemical analysis of herbal tea commonly used in China.
Topics: Beverages; Chemical Fractionation; China; Chromatography; Mass Spectrometry; Phytochemicals; Tea
PubMed: 23906802
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.039 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2021Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (family Polygonacea), commonly known as Polygonum hydropiper, is a popular medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The plant is... (Review)
Review
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (family Polygonacea), commonly known as Polygonum hydropiper, is a popular medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The plant is indigenous to the tropical northern hemisphere and temperate zone, including China, Bangladesh, India, and Japan. The plant is used in folk medicine for numerous ailments such as hemorrhoids, antifertility, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Its medicinal usage in Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, and other traditional medicine is well-recognized. So far, a wide range of active phytochemicals of this plant has been identified, such as flavonoids, sulphated flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, steroids, coumarin, simple phenolics, and others. Pharmacological data reported in the literature suggest that various parts of P. hydropiper exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and antifertility effects. The present review aims to compile the coherently document research on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and biological activities of P. hydropiper from different parts of the globe.
Topics: Medicine, Traditional; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Polygonaceae
PubMed: 33655861
DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210303145045 -
Combinatorial Chemistry & High... 2021Genus Erythrina belongs to family Fabaceae, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used in both traditional herbal medicines and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Genus Erythrina belongs to family Fabaceae, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used in both traditional herbal medicines and pharmacological applications. Original research articles and publications on the overview of alkaloids related to this genus are available, but a supportive systematic review account which highlighted phytochemical aspects of other types of secondary metabolites is currently insufficient.
OBJECTIVE
With the utilization of data and information from SCI-Finder, Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts, ACS journals, Springer, Taylor Francis, Bentham Science and IOP Science, the reliable material sources of this systematic review paper were obtained from the literature published from the 1980s to now.
CONCLUSION
A vast amount of data showed that the non-alkaloidal secondary metabolites were obtained from genus Erythrina with various classes of chemical structures. Herein, approximately five hundred constituents were isolated, comprising flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols, phenols, arylbenzofurans, coumarins, alcohols, ceramides, mono-sugars and fatty acid derivatives. In agreement with the previous phytochemical reports on the plants of the family Fabaceae, flavonoids reached a high amount in the plants of genus Erythrina. Numerous biological activity investigations such as anti-bacteria, anti-cancer, anti-virus using isolated compounds from Erythrina species suggested that secondary metabolites of Erythrina plants are now becoming the promising agents for drug developments.
Topics: Erythrina; Fatty Acids; Flavonoids; Humans; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals; Phytosterols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Saponins; Secondary Metabolism; Terpenes
PubMed: 32516097
DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200609141517 -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2020Licorice is extensively applied in food as well as herbal medicine across the world, possessing a substantial share in the global market. It has made great progress in... (Review)
Review
Licorice is extensively applied in food as well as herbal medicine across the world, possessing a substantial share in the global market. It has made great progress in chemical and pharmacological research in recent years. Currently, Fisch., Bat., and L. were officially used as Gan-Cao according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Accumulating evidence demonstrated three varieties of licorice have their own special compounds except for two quality markers set by Pharmacopoeia, providing great possibility for better understanding their characteristics, evaluating quality of each species and studying biosynthesis mechanisms of species-specific compounds. As a special "guide drug" in clinic, licorice plays an important role in Chinese herbal formulas. The interaction between licorice with other ingredients and their metabolism should also be taken into consideration. In addition, draft genome annotation, and success of the final step of glycyrrhizin biosynthesis have paved the way for biosynthesis of other active constituents in licorice, a promising beginning of solving source shortage. Accordingly, we comprehensively explored the nearly 400 chemical compounds found in the three varieties of licorice so far, systematically excavated various pharmacological activities, including metabolism via CYP450 system , and introduced the complete biosynthesis pathway of glycyrrhizin in licorice. The review will facilitate the further research toward this herbal medicine.
Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 31931596
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X20500020 -
Food & Function Oct 2023Research on the nutritional and medicinal properties of wild edible mushrooms has witnessed a significant surge in recent years. Among these mushrooms, (AM) stands out... (Review)
Review
Research on the nutritional and medicinal properties of wild edible mushrooms has witnessed a significant surge in recent years. Among these mushrooms, (AM) stands out due to its abundant biologically active components. The presence of biological compounds in AM, including carbohydrates, sterols, fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, non-hallucinogenic indole compounds and adenosine derivatives, has been demonstrated in previous studies. Notably, specific bioactive substances isolated from AM, such as armillarikin, have exhibited promising anticancer effects. studies have elucidated the mechanisms behind these effects, further emphasizing the potential of AM in cancer treatment. Consequently, the objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical profiles of AM while thoroughly investigating its therapeutic benefits. Moreover, this research has uncovered novel and effective treatments, including the utilization of ultrasonic disruption extraction in food processing. These findings highlight the potential of AM as a functional food with possible medical applications. By exploring AM's phytochemical composition and therapeutic effects, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of its potential as a valuable natural resource.
Topics: Agaricales; Armillaria; Carbohydrates; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37850245
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02334f