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Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jan 2021Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae), commonly known as Indian jujube, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. A plethora of active phytochemical constituents of... (Review)
Review
Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae), commonly known as Indian jujube, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. A plethora of active phytochemical constituents of this plant has been revealed so far, namely, berberine, quercetin, kaempferol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, diosgenin, and so forth. Several studies demonstrated the exploration of pharmacological potential of various parts such as fruits, leaves, and stems of the plant as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-diarrhoeal, antidepressant, immunomodulator, and hepatoprotective. This review gives a unique summary including phytochemistry, nutritional value, and significant pharmacological importance of Z. mauritiana. The literature search was carried out via search engine PubMed, Science Direct, and so on. The data were heterogeneous in terms of leaves, stem, roots, and fruits which were used for different experimental findings, which made the comparison a lengthy task. Study findings suggested that the extracts from this plant may possess numerous types of pharmacological activities. As the search for novel drugs from botanical sources continues, there is need for future investigations to isolate and characterize pharmacologically active agents that confer medicinal properties on Z. mauritiana, as well as to elucidate the structures of these agents by which they exert their healing properties and to scientifically validate the existing traditional practices concerning its health benefits.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Ziziphus
PubMed: 32633009
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6769 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021The genus (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild... (Review)
Review
The genus (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild vegetable in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan communities. According to the literature analysis, was traditionally used for the prevention or treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, smallpox, asthma, diarrhea, rheumatism, dysentery, headache, fever, wounds, pain, measles, hypertension, constipation, oligospermia, bone fracture, and glandular swellings. Various extracts of were evaluated to elucidate their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. A wide array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, CNS stimulant, and antianaphylactic activities have been recognized in different parts of . The review covers a systematic examination of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of , but scientifically, it is not fully assessed regarding complete therapeutic effects, toxicity, and safety in the human body. The published literature on and its therapeutic properties were collected from different search engines including Wiley online, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ACS publications by using specific terms such as " bioactive compounds, biological activities and health benefits" from 1984 to 2021 (March). Therefore, further studies are required to identify the detailed action mechanism of , and also, more studies should focus on conservation, cultivation, and sustainable utilization of the species.
Topics: Ferns; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 34512863
DOI: 10.1155/2021/1917890 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Apr 2024Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used... (Review)
Review
Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk but may lead to several side effects in some patients. Therefore, the development of a plant-based therapeutic adjuvant with cholesterol-lowering activity is desirable. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis encompasses multiple steps, including biosynthesis and metabolism, uptake and transport, and bile acid metabolism; issues arising in any of these processes could contribute to the etiology of cholesterol-related diseases. An increasing body of evidence strongly indicates the benefits of phytochemicals for cholesterol regulation; traditional Chinese medicines prove beneficial in some disease models, although more scientific investigations are needed to confirm their effectiveness. One of the main functions of cholesterol is bile acid biosynthesis, where most bile acids are recycled back to the liver. The composition of bile acid is partly modulated by gut microbes and could be harmful to the liver. In this regard, the reshaping effect of phytochemicals on gut microbiota has been widely reported in the literature for its significance. Therefore, we reviewed studies conducted over the past 5 years elucidating the regulatory effects of phytochemicals or herbal medicines on cholesterol metabolism. In addition, their effects on the recomposition of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism due to modulation are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the treatment of cholesterol dysregulation and the anticipated development of natural-based compounds in the near and far future.
Topics: Humans; Cholesterol; Liver; Lipid Metabolism; Phytochemicals; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 38517334
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09924 -
Integrative Cancer Therapies 2021Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) evolves due to genomic instability, dysregulated signaling pathways, and overproduction of inflammatory markers. Reactive oxygen species... (Review)
Review
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) evolves due to genomic instability, dysregulated signaling pathways, and overproduction of inflammatory markers. Reactive oxygen species contribute to the inflammatory response, which causes gene damage, cellular remodeling, and fibrosis. MDS can be a debilitating condition, and management options in patients with MDS aim to improve cytopenias, delay disease progression, and enhance quality of life. High serum ferritin levels, a source of iron for reactive oxygen species production, correlate with a higher risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia, and iron overload is compounded by blood transfusions given to improve anemia. 6-shogaol is a natural phenolic compound formed when ginger is exposed to heat and/or acidic conditions, and it has been shown to possess anti-tumor activity against leukemia cell lines and antioxidant effects. This narrative review assessed the potential benefits of this phytochemical in lower-risk MDS patients through examining the current evidence on the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of ginger and 6-shogaol.
Topics: Catechols; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Phytochemicals; Quality of Life; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 34930049
DOI: 10.1177/15347354211065038 -
PloS One 2023Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels have shown numerous health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These health activities are...
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels have shown numerous health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These health activities are owed to the unique phytochemical components present in pomegranate peels. Variations in the pomegranate cultivar, geographical region, and extraction methods significantly affect the phytochemical composition and concentrations of pomegranate fruits and their peels, hence their health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the phytochemical contents of pomegranate peels of Jordanian origin and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Among the 6 extracts of pomegranate peels tested, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC = 297.70 ± 1.73 mg GAE/g DW), highest total flavonoids content (TFC = 116.08 ± 3.46 mg RE/g DW), highest hydrolyzable tannins (HT) contents (688.50 ± 3.54 mg TE/g DW). Whereas the highest condensed tannins (CT) content was found in both the ethanol (13.87 ± 0.58 mg CE/g DW) and methanol (13.84 ± 0.55 mg CE/g DW) extracts. For the antioxidant activities, the water extract of pomegranate peels displayed the highest inhibitory effect on DPPH radicals (9.43 ± 0.06 μmole TE/g DW), while for the ABTS+ assay the methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited the highest activities of 11.09 ± 0.02 and 11.09 ± 0.06 μmole TE/g DW, respectively. For the FRAP assay, the aqueous methanol extract exhibited the highest reducing activity (1.60 ± 0.09 mmole Fe (II)/g DW). As for the antimicrobial activities of various extracts of pomegranate peels, the highest antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus was achieved by the ethanol extract (MIC = 6.25 mg/mL), whereas the lowest antimicrobial activity was observed against Candida krusei using the methanol extract (MIC = 100 mg/mL). These results indicate that pomegranate peels of Jordanian origin are rich in phytochemical content and exhibited strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities making these agroindustrial by-products potential candidates for various medical applications and possible safe sources for important bioactive components.
Topics: Antioxidants; Fruit; Pomegranate; Plant Extracts; Jordan; Methanol; Phytochemicals; Ethanol; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38032959
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295129 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Hochst. ex. A. DC is widely distributed throughout Africa and around the world. It is utilized ethnobotanically to treat fevers, wounds, malaria, diabetes mellitus, and... (Review)
Review
Hochst. ex. A. DC is widely distributed throughout Africa and around the world. It is utilized ethnobotanically to treat fevers, wounds, malaria, diabetes mellitus, and other diseases. This review aims to provide an exhaustive overview of the traditional uses, pharmacology, and phytochemical analysis of , with the objective of identifying its therapeutic potential for further research. Scientific resources, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Pub Med, and Scopus, were used to find pertinent data on . Secondary metabolites tentatively identified from this species were primarily terpenoids, naphthoquinones, phenolics, and coumarins. has been reported to demonstrate pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-hypersensitivity, and antidiabetic properties. The phytochemicals and extracts from have been reported to have some pharmacological effects in in vivo studies and were not toxic to the animal models that were utilized. The information reported in this review provides researchers with a comprehensive summary of the current research status of this medicinal plant and a guide for further investigation.
Topics: Animals; Diospyros; Ebenaceae; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Anti-Infective Agents; Phytochemicals; Ethnopharmacology; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 38067488
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237759 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2018The genus belongs to the family Burseraceae and has been used in traditional Mexican medicine for treating various pathophysiological disorders. The most representative... (Review)
Review
The genus belongs to the family Burseraceae and has been used in traditional Mexican medicine for treating various pathophysiological disorders. The most representative phytochemicals isolated from this genus are terpenoids and lignans. Lignans are phenolic metabolites known for their antioxidant, apoptotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-protozoal properties. Though the genus includes more than 100 species, we have attempted to summarize the biological activities of the 34 lignans isolated from selected Mexican plants.
Topics: Bursera; Ethnopharmacology; Lignans; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 30096772
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081976 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023There are approximately 250 species of L. distributed throughout the world, with North America and South America being centers of diversity on this continent. In the... (Review)
Review
There are approximately 250 species of L. distributed throughout the world, with North America and South America being centers of diversity on this continent. In the central-western region of Mexico there may be around 28 species of this genus. Some species are cultivated as leafy vegetables, ornamental, and medicinal plants. In traditional medicine they are used to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, among others. This review addresses the phytochemistry and biological activities, as well as traditional uses, distribution, and characteristics of the eight species of reported as medicinal in the central-western region of Mexico: , , (or ), , , , , and . The extracts of the different spp. have shown biological activities such as hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, renoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant, among others. is the most studied species, and phytochemical analyses, performed mainly by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), have shown its content of terpenoids, fatty acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sterols, saccharides, polyalcohols, and aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. According to the results of this review on spp., they constitute a relevant alternative as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical, food, and other industries. However, there is a lot of research to be conducted regarding phytochemistry, biological activities, cultivation, and propagation, in those species with few or no reports.
Topics: Ethnobotany; Eryngium; Apiaceae; Mexico; Plant Extracts; Phytochemicals; Ethnopharmacology
PubMed: 37241835
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104094 -
The New Phytologist Jun 2023
Topics: Cues; Plant Growth Regulators; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37010034
DOI: 10.1111/nph.18890 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Apr 2019Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman. (Family: Musaceae), commonly known as "Wild Banana" is well recorded as popular ethnomedicine for medicinal and nutritional uses by... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman. (Family: Musaceae), commonly known as "Wild Banana" is well recorded as popular ethnomedicine for medicinal and nutritional uses by different people and communities native to India, Ethiopia, Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
Despite the wide ethnomedicinal and pharmacological studies on E. superbum, there are no concise elaborated article comprising reviews of published literature. So, herein we designed this review article to discuss the current ethnopharmacology, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology and intellectual property status of E. superbum.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Exhaustive literature searches were performed on E. superbum through various scientific and patent search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, USPTO, Google patents, and Espacenet, using different keywords for screening of relevant information.
RESULTS
E. superbum was recorded in different regions of the world for ailments such as dog bite, calculi, semen production, abortion, leucorrhoea, stomachache, immune response, pain, diabetes, psychosomatic, contraceptive, umbilical cord care, convulsions, pneumonia, cholera, labor and delivery pain, dehydration, appendicitis, chickenpox, measles, urinary problems, food poisoning, snake bites, diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, bone fracture, infections, fever, asthma, hiccups and leucoderma. Major bioactive phytochemicals such as triterpenoid esters, proanthocyanidin, pro-pelargonidin glucosides, pelargonidin, anigorufone, hydroxyanigorufone, β-carboline alkaloids and fractions such as VIDR-2T, VIDR-2GC, VIDR-2GD were reported. Pharmacologically, E. superbum was found to be non-toxic (LD = 3235.9 mg/kg) and has been reported to possesses antiurolithiatic, antidiabetic, antifertility, anti-estrogenic, antiviral, cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory activities.
CONCLUSIONS
E. superbum could be an excellent source of safe and effective medicinal and nutritional herbal remedies for human and animal consumption.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Musa; Patents as Topic; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations
PubMed: 30686574
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.048