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Food & Function Apr 2023Postbiotics are attractive as alternatives to antibiotics for use against post-weaning diarrhea. However, their beneficial mechanisms are largely unknown. In the current...
Postbiotics are attractive as alternatives to antibiotics for use against post-weaning diarrhea. However, their beneficial mechanisms are largely unknown. In the current study, we first demonstrated that supplementation with 0.5% FZ12 postbiotics in the diet significantly reduced diarrhea incidence, promoted growth performance, improved gut health performance, and significantly enriched beneficial bacteria, particularly spp., in the intestines of weaned piglets. Importantly, we identified a heat- and proteinase K-sensitive component, cytochrome , of the postbiotics that significantly promoted the growth and biofilm formation of FP13. We demonstrated the importance of FZ12 postbiotics in improving the intestinal health of a model animal and revealed that cytochrome is one of the important components of yeast postbiotics. These findings may provide new insights into microbe-postbiotics interplay that can be applied to guidelines for dietary modulation to alleviate weaning-induced diarrhea.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Intestines; Dietary Supplements; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Weaning; Cytochromes c; Diet; Diarrhea; Animal Feed
PubMed: 36912248
DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03695a -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022plays an important role in fermented foods and beverages. In the long domestication process of traditional fermentation, the mechanism of response to lactic acid, a...
plays an important role in fermented foods and beverages. In the long domestication process of traditional fermentation, the mechanism of response to lactic acid, a common metabolite and growth inhibitor, is currently unclear in . In this study, the tolerance to lactic acid of C-16, isolated from fermented grains, was compared with its type strain ATCC 24210. Under lactic acid stress, C-16 showed increased biomass yields and lactic acid consumption rates. Then, mRNA sequencing was used to analyze the response to lactic acid in C-16. Results showed that 92 and 96 genes were significantly upregulated, 52 and 58 genes were significantly downregulated, respectively, in C-16 cultured for 12 h and 24 h. The genes, which involved in pyruvate metabolic pathway, ABC transporter proteins, glutamate metabolic pathway, and the biosynthetic pathway of leucine and valine, were observed to be differentially expressed between the C-16 and its type strain ATCC 24210. By analyzing the production of higher alcohols, the concentrations of isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol produced by C-16 increased significantly. It was consistent with the up-regulation of genes that biosynthesized related amino acids.
PubMed: 36140854
DOI: 10.3390/foods11182725 -
Food Science and Biotechnology 2017Thermotolerant yeast strains were isolated from , a traditional Korean fermentation starter in which variety of microorganisms are present. Among the isolates, the...
Thermotolerant yeast strains were isolated from , a traditional Korean fermentation starter in which variety of microorganisms are present. Among the isolates, the MBY1358 identified as yeast showed significantly higher growth rate (0.59 ± 0.00 1/h) at 44 °C than other strains. Maximum ethanol concentration of 8.35 ± 0.03 g/L was obtained from 20 g/L glucose with yield of 0.44 ± 0.01 g/g at 44 °C, which is 1.14 times ethanol production of the control strain of . The MBY1358, which was significantly more thermotolerant than the control strain and fermented 200 g/L glucose to 107.33 ± 5.03 g/L ethanol at 44 °C, was deposited to Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) under the accession number 27654.
PubMed: 30263670
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0155-6 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2021This study investigated the effect of Ca ascorbate on the biocontrol efficacy of Pichia kudriavzevii and the possible mechanisms. The results indicated that the...
This study investigated the effect of Ca ascorbate on the biocontrol efficacy of Pichia kudriavzevii and the possible mechanisms. The results indicated that the biocontrol activity of was significantly enhanced by 0.15 g L of Ca ascorbate, with higher growth rates of yeast cells and . The antioxidant enzyme activity in , including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), were improved by Ca ascorbate and reached the maximum at 96 h, 96 h, and 72 h, respectively. The expression of the antioxidant enzyme-related genes (8.55-fold) and (7.26-fold) peaked at 96 h, while (2.8-fold) peaked at 48 h, which were similar to the trends of enzyme activities. Compared with the control, 0.15 g L of Ca ascorbate and CaCl increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in , thereby enhancing the utilization of nutrients by yeast cells, and calcium ascorbate had the strongest effect. The expressions of , , , and were significantly higher in the Ca ascorbate treatment than the other groups, and the CaCl treatment was also significantly higher than the control. These results indicated that Ca ascorbate can effectively improve the energy metabolism and cell wall synthesis and slow down the senescence of yeast cells. In general, Ca ascorbate can improve the environmental adaptability of and thus improve the biocontrol effect, which is associated with inducing antioxidant enzymes in yeast cells and enhancing energy metabolism and nutrient utilization efficiency to increase nutrient competition with pathogens. Antagonistic yeast is a promising way to control postharvest fruit decay because of its safety and broad-spectrum resistance. However, the biocontrol efficacy of yeast is limited by environmental stress, such as oxidative stress. Therefore, the improvement of antioxidant capacity has become a research hot spot in improving the biocontrol efficacy of yeast. The induction of Ca ascorbate on the antioxidant capacity and physiological activity of yeast was studied. The results showed better induction of antioxidant enzyme and physiological activity in yeast by Ca ascorbate for better antioxidant capacity, and Ca also played a synergistic promotion effect, which improved the biocontrol efficacy. These results provide an approach for the research and application of improving the environmental adaptability and biocontrol effectiveness of yeast.
Topics: Antibiosis; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Control Agents; Botrytis; Catalase; Fruit; Solanum lycopersicum; Oxidative Stress; Pichia; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 34937188
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01507-21 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2023Plant fungal pathogens cause substantial economic losses through crop yield reduction and post-harvest storage losses. The utilization of biocontrol agents presents a...
BACKGROUND
Plant fungal pathogens cause substantial economic losses through crop yield reduction and post-harvest storage losses. The utilization of biocontrol agents presents a sustainable strategy to manage plant diseases, reducing the reliance on hazardous chemical. Recently, Pichia kudriavzevii has emerged as a promising biocontrol agent because of its capacity to inhibit fungal growth, offering a potential solution for plant disease management.
RESULTS
Two novel Pichia kudriavzevii strains, Pk_EgyACGEB_O1 and Pk_EgyACGEB_O2, were isolated from olive brine samples. The microscopic characterization of the strains revealed similar structures. However, there were noticeable differences in their visual morphology. Based on their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences, Pk_EgyACGEB_O1 and Pk_EgyACGEB_O2 strains assigned by GenBank IDs MZ507552.1 and MZ507554.1 shared high sequence similarity (~ 99.8% and 99.5%) with P. kudriavzevii, respectively. Both strains were evaluated in vitro against plant pathogenic fungi. The strains revealed the ability to consistently inhibit fungal growth, with Pk_EgyACGEB_O2 showing higher effectiveness. In addition, both P. kudriavzevii strains effectively controlled grey mold disease caused by B. cinerea in golden delicious apples, suggesting their potential as sustainable and eco-friendly biocontrol agents for post-harvest diseases. Based on a comprehensive bioinformatics pipeline, candidate-secreted proteins responsible for the potent antifungal activity of P. kudriavzevii were identified. A total of 59 proteins were identified as common among the P. kudriavzevii CBS573, SD108, and SD129 strains. Approximately 23% of the secreted proteins in the P. kudriavzevii predicted secretome are hydrolases with various activities, including proteases, lipases, glycosidases, phosphatases, esterases, carboxypeptidases, or peptidases. In addition, a set of cell-wall-related proteins was identified, which might enhance the biocontrol activity of P. kudriavzevii by preserving the structure and integrity of the cell wall. A papain inhibitor was also identified and could potentially offer a supplementary defense against plant pathogens.
CONCLUSION
Our results revealed the biocontrol capabilities of P. kudriavzevii against plant pathogenic fungi. The research focused on screening novel strains for their ability to inhibit the growth of common pathogens, both in vitro and in vivo. This study shed light on how P. kudriavzevii interacts with fungal pathogens. The findings can help develop effective strategies for managing plant diseases.
Topics: Pichia; Antifungal Agents; Mycoses; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 37980509
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03047-w -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Jul 2022Thermotolerant ethanol fermenting yeasts have been extensively used in industrial bioethanol production. However, little is known about yeast physiology under stress...
Thermotolerant ethanol fermenting yeasts have been extensively used in industrial bioethanol production. However, little is known about yeast physiology under stress during bioethanol processing. This study investigated the physiological characteristics of the thermotolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii, strains NUNS-4, NUNS-5 and NUNS-6, under the multiple stresses of heat, ethanol and sodium chloride. Results showed that NUNS-4, NUNS-5 and NUNS-6 displayed higher growth rates under each stress condition than the reference strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5606. Maximum specific growth rates under stresses of heat (45°C), 15% v/v ethanol and 1·0 M sodium chloride were 0·23 ± 0·04 (NUNS-4), 0·11 ± 0·01 (NUNS-5) and 0·15 ± 0·01 h (NUNS-5), respectively. Morphological features of all yeast studied changed distinctly with the production of granules and vacuoles when exposed to ethanol, and cells were elongated under increased sodium chloride concentration. This study suggests that the three P. kudriavzevii strains are potential candidates to use in industrial-scale fermentation due to a high specific growth rate under multiple stress conditions. Multiple stress-tolerant P. kudriavzevii NUNS strains have received much attention not only for improving large-scale fuel ethanol production, but also for utilizing these strains in other biotechnological industries.
Topics: Ethanol; Fermentation; Pichia; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 35315114
DOI: 10.1111/lam.13703 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022A variety of flocculants have been used to aggregate colloidal substances. However, recently, owing to the adverse effects and high costs of conventional flocculants,...
A variety of flocculants have been used to aggregate colloidal substances. However, recently, owing to the adverse effects and high costs of conventional flocculants, natural flocculants such as microbial flocculants are gaining attention. The aim of the study was to produce and characterize a bioflocculant from MH545928.1 and apply it in wastewater treatment. A mixture of butanol and chloroform (5:2 /) was used to extract the bioflocculant. Phenol-sulphuric acid, Bradford and Carbazole assays were utilized for the identification of carbohydrates, proteins and uronic acid, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental detector were employed to determine the surface morphology and elemental compositions. The removal efficiencies were 73%, 49% and 47% for BOD, COD and P, respectively. The bioflocculant (2.836 g/L) obtained showed the presence of carbohydrates (69%), protein (11%) and uronic acid (16%). The bioflocculant displayed a cumulus-like structure and the elemental composition of C (16.92%), N (1.03%), O (43:76%), Na (0.18%), Mg (0.40%), Al (0.80%), P (14.44%), S (1.48%), Cl (0.31%), K (0.34%) and Ca (20.35). It showed the removal efficiencies of 43% (COD), 64% (BOD), 73% (P) and 50% (N) in coal mine wastewater. This bioflocculant is potentially viable to be used in wastewater treatment.
Topics: Flocculation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pichia; Uronic Acids; Wastewater; Water Purification
PubMed: 35328836
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063148 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Apr 2020Lactic acid is a universal metabolite, as well as a growth inhibitor of ethanol producers in Baijiu fermentation. Revealing the mechanism of lactic acid tolerance is...
Lactic acid is a universal metabolite, as well as a growth inhibitor of ethanol producers in Baijiu fermentation. Revealing the mechanism of lactic acid tolerance is essential for the yield of fermented foods. Here, we employed reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to explore the degradation mechanism of lactic acid, based on the coculture of and . Under high lactic acid stress, decreased lactic acid from 40.00 to 35.46 g L within 24 h. Then, restored its capacity to degrade lactic acid. Finally, lactic acid decreased to 26.29 g L. Coculture significantly enhanced lactic acid consumption compared to the monoculture of (90% higher) or (209% higher). We found that lactate catabolism, H extrusion, and glycerol transport were the lactic acid tolerance pathways in yeasts. This study reveals the novel acid tolerance mechanisms of microbiota and would provide new strategies for ethanol production under acid stress.
Topics: Ethanol; Fermentation; Lactic Acid; Pichia; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sorghum; Wine
PubMed: 32180399
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08052 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jan 2020Olfactory cues have a large impact on insect behaviour and fitness consequently showing potential in pest management. Yeast released volatiles are used by insects as...
Olfactory cues have a large impact on insect behaviour and fitness consequently showing potential in pest management. Yeast released volatiles are used by insects as olfactory cues for finding feeding and oviposition sites. The yeast strain SB-16-15 was isolated from spontaneous fermentation of berries and identified as . Thirty-nine volatiles were sampled from the headspace of yeasts by solid phase micro extraction and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Ten of those volatiles elicited antennal responses of flies, one of the most serious pest of berries. In the two-choice experiments, flies preferred the mixture composed of nine synthetic compounds analogous to electroanntenographic active volatiles released by the yeasts compare to the solvent control. Female flies were significantly attracted to the mixture at the concentration 0.1 µL mL and showed no preference to the mixture at the concentration 1 µL mL versus control while males reacted positively to the synthetic blend at the concentration 1 µL mL. Herein, for the first time, behaviour modifying effect of berry related yeast volatiles was shown suggesting these semiochemicals have potential in use for monitoring flies.
PubMed: 32071775
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.08.001 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jan 2019The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of Pichia kudriavzevii CR-Y103 yeast strain for the decolorization, biodegradation, and detoxification of cationic...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of Pichia kudriavzevii CR-Y103 yeast strain for the decolorization, biodegradation, and detoxification of cationic dye C.I. Basic Blue 41, a toxic compound to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. Under optimized cultural conditions (10.0-g L glucose, 0.2-g L yeast extract, and 1.0-g L (NH)SO), the yeast strain was able to decolorize 97.86% of BB41 (50 mg L) at pH 6 within 4 h of incubation at 30 °C under shaken conditions (12,238.00-μg h average decolorization rate) and 100% within 12 h. The UV-Vis spectral analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the complete decolorization and degradation of the BB41 dye by P. kudriavzevii CR-Y103. Also, other seven yeast strains, isolated from soil, as P. kudriavzevii (CR-Y108, CR-Y119, and CR-Y112), Candida tropicalis CR-Y128, Cyberlindnera saturnus CR-Y125, and Candida solani CR-Y124 have shown a promising decolorizing potential of azo-dye BB41 (99.89-76.09% decolorization). Phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity assays on Trifolium pratense and Triticum aestivum seedlings confirmed the high toxicity of BB41 dye (500 ppm), with inhibition on germination rate (%), root and shoot elongation, decreasing of mitoxic index value (with 34.03% in T. pratense and 40.25% in T. aestivum), and increasing the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (6.87 times in T. pratense and 6.25 times in T. aestivum), compared to control. The same biomarkers indicated the nontoxic nature of the BB41 degraded metabolite (500 ppm) obtained after P. kudriavzevii CR-Y103 treatment. Moreover, the healthy monkey kidney cells (Vero cells) had a low sensitivity to BB41 biodegraded products (250 μg mL) (MTT cell viability assay) and revealed minor DNA damage (comet assay) compared to BB41 dye treatment. These findings show that P. kudriavzevii could be used in eco-friendly bioremediation technologies, applicable for reducing the toxicity of basic azo-dyes containing wastewaters.
Topics: Animals; Azo Compounds; Benzothiazoles; Biodegradation, Environmental; Candida; Chlorocebus aethiops; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Color; Coloring Agents; Inactivation, Metabolic; Pichia; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Vero Cells; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 30406584
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3651-1