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Nature Jun 2017
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral; Cultural Characteristics; Drug Approval; Federal Government; Female; HIV Infections; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Social Stigma; Taboo; United States
PubMed: 28593985
DOI: 10.1038/546185a -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Dec 1983
Topics: Adult; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Female; Humans; Progesterone Congeners; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 6416597
DOI: No ID Found -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Feb 2013The first hormonal pill, called Enovid(®), was approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in May 1960. It contained mestranol and norethisterone. Over the years,... (Review)
Review
The first hormonal pill, called Enovid(®), was approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in May 1960. It contained mestranol and norethisterone. Over the years, oral contraceptives have evolved through gradual lowering of ethinyl estradiol (EE) content, introduction of 17β estradiol, and many different progestins. The standard regimen allows for 21 days of pill containing steroids and a pill-free interval of 7 days. Recently, continuous or extended regimens have been approved. In order to improve compliance, alternative routes of combined oral contraceptive (COC) administration have been developed such as vaginal or transdermal routes. In 2009, according to the United Nations, the mean global percentage using contraception in women who are married or in union was 62.7%. COC represented 8.8% of contraceptive prevalence, reaching 15.4% in more developed countries. More than 100 million women worldwide use COCs. However, each year, many unintended pregnancies occur, indicating that contraception still needs to be promoted.
Topics: Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Female; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans
PubMed: 23384741
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2012.11.004 -
The European Journal of Contraception &... Feb 2017
Topics: Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Depression; Female; Humans
PubMed: 28155568
DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2016.1269163 -
The Patna Journal of Medicine Oct 1969
Topics: Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral; Family Planning Services
PubMed: 12254808
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Aug 1985
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Female; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 3928026
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.291.6494.498 -
Current Opinion in Obstetrics &... Jun 1992Over 30 years have elapsed since the introduction of the combination oral contraceptive pill. During this time, the estrogen and progestogen components of the pill have... (Review)
Review
Over 30 years have elapsed since the introduction of the combination oral contraceptive pill. During this time, the estrogen and progestogen components of the pill have been reduced 80% and 90%, respectively. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the metabolism of the oral contraceptive pill steroids now exists that allows us to better understand interactions of the pill with other drugs and medications. In an effort to reduce adverse reactions to the oral contraceptive pill, new progestogens have been developed for contraceptive pills soon to become commercially available. These issues as well as the concept of the pill-free interval are discussed in this review.
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Progesterone Congeners
PubMed: 1623147
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Nov 1971
Topics: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; Epidemiologic Methods; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis; Retrospective Studies; Sampling Studies; Statistics as Topic; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 5124735
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(71)90503-5 -
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Sep 1981
Review
Topics: Adult; Cholesterol; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glucose; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins, HDL; Pregnancy; Proteins; Risk; Triglycerides
PubMed: 7026112
DOI: 10.1097/00003081-198109000-00018 -
Public Health Reviews 1979
Review
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Contraceptives, Oral; Family Planning Services; Female; Humans; Neoplasms; Population Growth; Risk; Sexual Behavior; Social Change; Thromboembolism
PubMed: 400407
DOI: No ID Found