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The Medical Journal of Australia Feb 1976One hundred and fifty-one nulligravid women and 63 parous women stopped taking low-dose sequential oral contraceptives in order to become pregnant. During the first... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
One hundred and fifty-one nulligravid women and 63 parous women stopped taking low-dose sequential oral contraceptives in order to become pregnant. During the first post-Pill cycle, 39% of the nulligravid and 54% of the parous women conceived. These figures have been compared with data from the Royal College of General Practitioners survey in England, in which 13% of nulligravid and 17% of parous women conceived in the first cycle after ceasing to take combined oral contraceptives. The percentage of nulligravid women not pregnant six months after withdrawal of low-dose sequential formulations was 19% compared with 32% after withdrawal of combined oral contraceptives. The corresponding figures for parous women were 5% and 21%. Available data suggest that after withdrawal of low-dose sequential oral contraceptives, the incidence of post-Pill infertility is lower than that after withdrawal of combined oral contraceptives. The extent of this difference is 16% three months after withdrawal of the Pill and 10% six months after attempting pregnancy.
Topics: Contraceptive Devices; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Contraceptives, Oral, Sequential; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Intrauterine Devices; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 1263980
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the Association of... May 2017
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; History, 20th Century; Humans; Philately
PubMed: 28598066
DOI: No ID Found -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Aug 2007
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Estrogens; Female; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Menopause; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Women's Health
PubMed: 17666594
DOI: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000277651.58940.fa -
The Journal of Family Planning and... Jan 2012
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans
PubMed: 22170995
DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2011-100246 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Jul 2007Millions of women worldwide use the combined oral contraceptive pill as an effective form of contraception. However, the focus on its side effects to date has mainly... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Millions of women worldwide use the combined oral contraceptive pill as an effective form of contraception. However, the focus on its side effects to date has mainly been on physical aspects, even though the most commonly stated reason for discontinuation is depression. There are surprisingly few large studies investigating depression related to oral contraceptive use. A pilot study was conducted showing that women using the combined oral contraceptive pill were significantly more depressed than a matched group who were not. More research is needed to better inform women and doctors about depression related to oral contraceptive use, and clinical guidelines are needed regarding the different types of oral contraceptives and their potential depressogenic properties.
Topics: Animals; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Pilot Projects
PubMed: 17688380
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.6.4.371 -
Women's Health (London, England) Sep 2010Although combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are commonly used and highly effective in preventing pregnancy, they may not be suitable for some women. COC use is... (Review)
Review
Although combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are commonly used and highly effective in preventing pregnancy, they may not be suitable for some women. COC use is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular events and is not recommended in nonbreastfeeding women in the immediate postpartum period or in breastfeeding women during the initial 6 months of breastfeeding. Moreover, estrogen-related adverse effects, such as headache, are common. Estrogen-free progestin-only pills (POPs) are a valuable option in women who prefer to take an oral hormonal contraceptive, but are ineligible for, or choose not to use, COCs. Although some POPs have been associated with lower contraceptive effectiveness than COCs, the POP containing desogestrel has shown similar contraceptive effectiveness to COCs. The most commonly reported complaints in women using all POPs are bleeding problems. Counseling women interested in using POPs about the variable bleeding patterns associated with this method may improve compliance and acceptance.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Medication Adherence; Menstruation; Norethindrone; Progestins
PubMed: 21080791
DOI: 10.2217/whe.10.36 -
British Medical Journal Nov 1977
Topics: Adult; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Vertigo
PubMed: 589239
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6099.1416-b -
Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent... Nov 2001PAPER OBJECTIVE: This paper is designed to help clinicians understand the relationship between hormonal contraceptive side effects and the potential development of... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
PAPER OBJECTIVE: This paper is designed to help clinicians understand the relationship between hormonal contraceptive side effects and the potential development of general and reproductive health concerns that can impact on adherence to hormonal contraception. By understanding the concerns raised by young women, we can then make our counseling more specific to the factors that affect compliance in this population.
DESIGN
Studies that specifically addressed hormonal contraceptive compliance, side effects, and method selection in adolescents and young women were chosen for this paper. All articles were from peer-reviewed journals. Medline-Ovid articles from 1980-2000 were used with the following search keywords: Contraception, Patient Compliance, Hormonal Contraception, Oral Contraceptive Pills, Norplant, Depo Provera, and Adolescents.
DATA SYNTHESIS
The general public has many concerns about the safety of hormonal contraception. The development of side effects, especially those that are menstrual-related, seem to cause adolescents and young women to feel that their general and reproductive health is being threatened.
CONCLUSIONS
Hormonal contraceptive counseling should include 1) explaining, in a nontechnical manner, how these methods work; 2) addressing negative information the patient has heard about the methods; 3) providing factual information about cancer risks, blood clots, and other general health concerns; 4) discussing the potential side effects and what each means to her health; 5) asking specifically about possible reproductive health worries, especially in light of the menstrual irregularities that may occur; and 6) assuring the patient that she should always feel free to share her concerns and worries with you, the provider.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Health Services; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Gynecology; Humans; Menstruation Disturbances; Patient Compliance; Patient Education as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Public Opinion; Risk Factors
PubMed: 11748010
DOI: 10.1016/s1083-3188(01)00123-1 -
Contraception Dec 2010
Topics: Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral; Family Planning Services; Female; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans
PubMed: 21074007
DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.07.028 -
Thrombosis Research Feb 2011Current users of combined oral contraceptives have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. The risk appears to be higher during the first year of use and disappears... (Review)
Review
Current users of combined oral contraceptives have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. The risk appears to be higher during the first year of use and disappears rapidly once oral contraception is stopped. There is a strong interaction between hereditary defects of coagulation, combined oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism. Nevertheless, the routine screening of women before they use combined oral contraception is not recommended. Venous thromboembolism seems to be higher in overweight users, and after air, and possibly other forms of, travel. Both the oestrogen and progestogen content of combined oral contraceptives have been implicated in differences in venous thrombotic risk between products. Even if real, the absolute difference in risk between products is small, because the background incidence of venous thromboembolism in young women is low. All currently available combined oral contraceptives are safe. Progestogen-only oral contraceptives are not associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Female; Humans; Risk Factors; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 21262435
DOI: 10.1016/S0049-3848(11)70009-3