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Neuroradiology 1993Review of 500 consecutive MRI studies was undertaken to assess the frequency and the appearances of cystic pineal glands. Cysts were encountered in 2.4% of cases....
Review of 500 consecutive MRI studies was undertaken to assess the frequency and the appearances of cystic pineal glands. Cysts were encountered in 2.4% of cases. Follow-up examination demonstrated no change in these cysts and they were considered to be a normal variant. Size, MRI appearances and signs associated with this condition are reported in order to establish criteria of normality.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Cysts; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma
PubMed: 8492885
DOI: 10.1007/BF00602604 -
Neurosurgery Clinics of North America Jan 1990Pineal-region tumors constitute a diverse group of tumors. We recommend an aggressive surgical approach to these tumors for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes....
Pineal-region tumors constitute a diverse group of tumors. We recommend an aggressive surgical approach to these tumors for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Approximately one third of all pineal tumors are benign, resectable lesions and surgical therapy provides the best opportunity for a cure. Debulking procedures are beneficial in patients with malignant tumors both surgically and because they provide tissue specimens for diagnostic purposes to properly direct postoperative adjuvant therapy. Surgical results have been excellent, with an overall mortality and morbidity rate of 12 per cent and virtually no permanent deficits in patients with benign tumors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pineal Gland; Quality of Life; Recurrence; Reoperation; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 2135964
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2014The pineal gland (CP) is located centrally in the brain and produces melatonin. Cysts and concrements are frequent findings on MRI but their significance is still... (Review)
Review
The pineal gland (CP) is located centrally in the brain and produces melatonin. Cysts and concrements are frequent findings on MRI but their significance is still unclear. The visualization of CP is difficult due to its location and surrounding structures and so far, no standardized method exists. New studies suggest a correlation between CP-morphology and melatonin secretion as well as a connection between melatonin, disturbed circadian rhythm, and the development of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, underlining the need for a standardized approach to CP on MRI.
Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Cysts; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Melatonin; Pineal Gland
PubMed: 25394927
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuro-Chirurgie 2015Endoscopy has entered into the armamentarium of pineal and pineal region tumor treatment. The technique permits not only to control hydrocephalus but also to obtain... (Review)
Review
Endoscopy has entered into the armamentarium of pineal and pineal region tumor treatment. The technique permits not only to control hydrocephalus but also to obtain tissue samples for histological diagnosis. In this paper, we explain the utility of endoscopy for the treatment of pineal tumors and as well as report some personal considerations regarding this topic.
Topics: Biopsy; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Neuroendoscopy; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma
PubMed: 24880764
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2013.12.008 -
Neuroradiology Dec 2017Pineal cysts are common incidental findings in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Several studies have suggested MRI follow-up if the cyst is larger...
PURPOSE
Pineal cysts are common incidental findings in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Several studies have suggested MRI follow-up if the cyst is larger than 10 mm. However, cysts do not usually change during follow-up. Prevalence, growth, and structure of the pineal cysts were analyzed to decide if follow-up MRI is necessary.
METHODS
A retrospective review between 2010 and 2015 was performed using 3851 MRI examinations of children aged 0-16 years to detect pineal cysts having a maximum diameter ≥ 10 mm. Eighty-one children with pineal cysts were identified and 79 of them had been controlled by MRI. Cysts were analyzed for the size, growth, and structure.
RESULTS
A total of 1.8% of the children had a pineal cyst with a diameter ≥ 10 mm. Cysts were present in 48 girls (59.3%) and 33 boys (40.7%). Most pineal cysts (70/79) did not significantly grow during the follow-up (median 10 months, range 3-145 months). A total of 11.4% (9/79) of the cysts grew with the biggest change measured from the outer cyst wall sagittal anteroposterior dimension (mean 3.4 mm ± 1.7 mm). Only one cyst grew more than 5 mm. We found no factors correlating with the cyst growth among 9 cysts that grew > 2 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
A majority of pineal cysts remained unchanged during the MRI follow-up. Results of this study suggest that routine MRI follow-up of pineal cysts is not necessary in the absence of unusual radiological characteristics or related clinical symptoms.
Topics: Adolescent; Central Nervous System Cysts; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Incidental Findings; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pineal Gland; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 28942520
DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1926-8 -
European Journal of Neurology Mar 2008Transcranial sonography (TCS) has never been used in the evaluation of morphology of pineal gland. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of TCS to...
Transcranial sonography (TCS) has never been used in the evaluation of morphology of pineal gland. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of TCS to distinguish normal from cystic pineal gland and to correlate its size with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the first examination and during follow-up. Sixty patients with previously made MRI of the brain were evaluated by two independent observers using TCS, blinded to the results of the MRI. Inappropriate bone window limited TCS examination in seven patients. All 14 pineal gland cysts (PGC) seen on MRI were detected by both observers using TCS. Control group consisted of 39 healthy examinees. No statistically significant difference has been found between: PGC size measured by first and second observer by TCS (P = 0.425), PGC size measured by TCS and MRI (first observer, P = 0.353; second observer, P = 0.425), size of the pineal gland measured by TCS and MRI in control group (first observer, P = 0.497; second observer, P = 0.370) or interobserver variability in control group (P = 0.373). The MRI and TCS follow-up of ten patients after six months did not show any difference in size of PGC. TCS can be used as a method in detection, measurement and follow-up of PGC.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Diseases; Cysts; Female; Humans; Male; Pineal Gland; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
PubMed: 18290845
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.02014.x -
Journal of Neurosurgery Jan 2005
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Middle Aged; Neuroendoscopes; Neurosurgical Procedures; Pineal Gland; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 16206751
DOI: 10.3171/ped.2005.102.1.0137 -
Neurologia I Neurochirurgia Polska 2011Pineal cyst apoplexy is a very rare entity with previously reported symptoms of severe frontal or occipital headache, gaze paresis and visual field defects, nausea or...
Pineal cyst apoplexy is a very rare entity with previously reported symptoms of severe frontal or occipital headache, gaze paresis and visual field defects, nausea or vomiting, syncope, ataxia, hearing loss and sudden death. The treatment options for symptomatic pineal cysts are observation, shunting, aspiration via stereotactic guidance or endoscopy, third ventriculostomy, ventriculocysternostomy, and/or surgical resection by craniotomy and microsurgery. Here, the authors report an unusual case of a 28-year-old male patient with pineal cyst apoplexy, presenting with headache, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction symptoms who is being managed conservatively and observed for two years by an academic tertiary care unit.
Topics: Adult; Cysts; Headache; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pineal Gland; Pituitary Apoplexy; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22212992
DOI: 10.1016/S0028-3843(14)60129-8 -
Future Oncology (London, England) May 2010Pineal region tumors are heterogeneous lesions and include mainly pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs), papillary tumors of the pineal region (PTPRs) and germ cell tumors... (Review)
Review
Pineal region tumors are heterogeneous lesions and include mainly pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs), papillary tumors of the pineal region (PTPRs) and germ cell tumors (GCTs). This article describes the cystic pineal gland compared with normal tissue and histopathological features of the most frequent pineal region tumors. PPTs are subdivided into pineocytoma (grade I), pineoblastoma (grade IV) and tumors with intermediate differentiation (PPTIDs; grades II-III). A grading system based on the number of mitoses and neurofilament protein expression distinguishes low- from high-grade PPTID. PTPR is a new tumoral entity thought to originate from the subcommissural organ. GCTs include germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumor and choriocarcinoma and are often of mixed histologic composition. New histogenetic data for GCTs are presented.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma
PubMed: 20465391
DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.28 -
Schizophrenia Research Jun 2022Pineal volume reductions have been reported in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk states for the development of psychosis, supporting the role of melatonin...
BACKGROUND
Pineal volume reductions have been reported in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk states for the development of psychosis, supporting the role of melatonin dysregulation in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it remains unclear whether pineal volume is associated with the later onset of psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis or if pineal atrophy is specific to schizophrenia among different psychotic disorders.
METHODS
This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the volume of and cyst prevalence in the pineal gland in 135 individuals at CHR of psychosis [52 (38.5%) subsequently developed psychosis], 162 with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 89 with chronic schizophrenia, and 87 healthy controls. The potential contribution of the pineal morphology to clinical characteristics was also examined in the CHR and FEP groups.
RESULTS
Pineal volumes did not differ significantly between the CHR, FEP, and chronic schizophrenia groups, but were significantly smaller than that in healthy controls. However, pineal volumes were not associated with the later onset of psychosis in the CHR group or FEP sub-diagnosis (i.e., schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, affective psychosis, and other psychoses). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of pineal cysts between the groups, and it also did not correlate with clinical characteristics in the CHR and FEP groups.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that pineal atrophy is a general vulnerability marker of psychosis, while pineal cysts do not appear to contribute to the pathophysiology of psychosis.
Topics: Atrophy; Central Nervous System Cysts; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pineal Gland; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 35487129
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.04.005