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Journal of Pineal Research Sep 1995The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of pineal cysts and pineal calcifications and to determine the incidence of...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of pineal cysts and pineal calcifications and to determine the incidence of benign pineal cysts. Two-hundred-fifty magnetic resonance examinations were retrospectively examined for the incidence of pineal cysts. In addition, 60 collected cases of pineal cysts were evaluated with regard to cross sectional diameter and magnetic resonance signal characteristics. Finally, the magnetic resonance signal characteristics of pineal tissue in 50 patients were compared to companion computed tomographic scans that were scrutinized for the presence or absence of calcification. The incidence of pineal cysts as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging in this study was 10.8%. The minimal and maximal measurements ranged from a low of 2 x 2 x 2 mm to a high of 10 x 12 x 10 mm. The magnetic resonance signal intensities of pineal cyst as compared to cerebrospinal fluid were iso- or hyperintense on all magnetic resonance sequences in the majority of cases. Calcifications of the pineal gland as revealed by computed tomography tended to be isointense to gray matter if the calcifications were small and hypointense to gray matter if large on all magnetic resonance acquisitions. A careful analysis of the magnetic resonance signal characteristics enables the recognition of moderate- to large-sized pineal calcifications and their differentiation from large pineal cysts. However, small cysts of the pineal gland can be difficult or impossible to distinguish on magnetic resonance imaging from calcifications without comparison with computed tomography.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcinosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cysts; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Pineal Gland; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 8609598
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1995.tb00172.x -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Jan 2023Germ cell tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) is an infrequent entity consisting of only 0.2%-1.7% of all primary CNS tumors. The pineal gland is the commonest... (Review)
Review
Germ cell tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) is an infrequent entity consisting of only 0.2%-1.7% of all primary CNS tumors. The pineal gland is the commonest location of CNS germinoma. Traditionally, radiotherapy alone has been used to treat localized pineal germinoma, which has delivered a very high cure rate. Spinal drop metastases from pineal germinoma can develop after a long time from diagnosis and primary treatment. Currently, craniospinal irradiation is the standard of care in metastatic pineal germinoma with spinal drop metastases along with systemic chemotherapy. Very few cases of pineal germinoma with spinal drop metastases have been published in the literature. We report a pineal gland germinoma case with spinal drop metastases in an 18-year-old boy and reviewed the published literature.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Pineal Gland; Germinoma; Brain Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
PubMed: 38384076
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_657_22 -
British Journal of Neurosurgery 2016Pineal region lesions are uncommon, and pineal parenchymal tumours (PPT) account for 20-30% of tumours in this area of which pineocytomas (PCs) and pineoblastomas (PBs)... (Review)
Review
Pineal region lesions are uncommon, and pineal parenchymal tumours (PPT) account for 20-30% of tumours in this area of which pineocytomas (PCs) and pineoblastomas (PBs) are more prevalent. In 2007, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reclassified PPT from two subgroups (PC and PB) into four, including pineal parenchymal tumours of intermediate differentiation (PPTID). PPTID have been further divided into low- and high-grade lesions (WHO II and III), but due to their rarity have proven difficult lesions to diagnose and a paucity of literature means their optimal treatment options are a challenge to define. This article is a review of the literature of PPTID highlighting diagnostic criteria, a discussion on the role of surgery and radiotherapy, including treatment paradigms and reported outcomes for these problematic neoplasms.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma; Radiotherapy; Treatment Outcome; World Health Organization
PubMed: 26571134
DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2015.1096912 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Aug 2022Pineal anlage tumors (PAT) are extremely rare malignant tumors in the pediatric population considered to be a variant of pineoblastomas. These tumors are characterized... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Pineal anlage tumors (PAT) are extremely rare malignant tumors in the pediatric population considered to be a variant of pineoblastomas. These tumors are characterized by a combination of neuroectodermal and heterologous ectomesenchymal components. PAT can be clinically aggressive and has a propensity to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination. So far, only 13 cases of these tumors have been reported in the literature.
CASE ARTICLE
In this article, we report the case of an anlage tumor in a 3-year-old girl with a rapidly aggressive course.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma; Supratentorial Neoplasms
PubMed: 35006340
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05441-z -
Neuro-Chirurgie 2015Pineal parenchymal tumours (PPTs) and pineal cysts represent one third of the pineal region lesions. PPTs are subdivided into pineocytoma (PC), pineoblastoma (PB) and...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Pineal parenchymal tumours (PPTs) and pineal cysts represent one third of the pineal region lesions. PPTs are subdivided into pineocytoma (PC), pineoblastoma (PB) and PPT with intermediate differentiation (PPTID). We report morphological and immunochemical features which permit to grade these tumours.
METHODS
The description of histopathological features and grading is based on a large cooperative series and on the WHO 2007 classification.
RESULTS
PCs occur in adults between the third and the sixth decade of life. PBs typically occur in children. PPTIDs have a peak incidence in young adults between 20 and 40 years of age. There is no sex preference. PC is characterized by a uniform cell proliferation with large fibrillary pineocytomatous rosettes. PB is a high-density tumour composed of small blue cells with hyper-chromatic, round or carrot shaped nuclei. PPTIDs have lobulated or diffuse patterns. Grading is based on morphological features, count of mitoses and neurofilament protein (NFP) expression. PCs (grade I) have no mitosis and NFP is highly expressed in pineocytomatous rosettes. PBs (grade IV) are high mitotic tumours and present low or no expression of NFPs. PPTIDs are grade II when mitoses are fewer than 6 for 10 high-power fields and NFPs are expressed, and are grade III when mitoses are greater or equal to 6 or are fewer than 6 with NFPs lowly expressed. Pineal cysts may be differentiated from PPTs by the high expression of NFPs and no expression of Ki-67.
Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Cysts; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 24975206
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2013.04.003 -
Neuro-Chirurgie 2015
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma
PubMed: 24951381
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2013.03.002 -
Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics Jun 2010Pineal tumors are rare neoplasms that are categorized into pineoblastomas, pineocytomas, and pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation. Pineal anlage... (Review)
Review
Pineal tumors are rare neoplasms that are categorized into pineoblastomas, pineocytomas, and pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation. Pineal anlage tumors are primary pineal tumors with neuroepithelial and ectomesenchymal differentiation and without endodermal differentiation. The authors review the literature and report the case of a 5-month-old boy with a pineal anlage tumor. This is only the sixth case of a pineal anlage tumor reported in the English-language literature adding to the understanding of this tumor's presentation, immunomorphological and molecular characteristics, embryological origin, radiological appearance, treatment outcome, and prognosis.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Combined Modality Therapy; Craniotomy; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergencies; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic; Neuroendoscopy; Neurologic Examination; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ventriculostomy
PubMed: 20515340
DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.PEDS09294 -
Revue Neurologique Nov 2008Tumors of the pineal region are rare and relatively few centers around the world have published substantial numbers of carefully studied cases. This review gives a... (Review)
Review
Tumors of the pineal region are rare and relatively few centers around the world have published substantial numbers of carefully studied cases. This review gives a historical account of our understanding of the normal pineal and the evolution of the classification of tumors and other mass lesions of the pineal region in human beings. Based on our experience over the past 30 years, a working classification is proposed and recent advances in the neuropathology of these lesions are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Glioma; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma
PubMed: 18808766
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2008.01.008 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jul 2016A combination of trauma and a missed inflammatory response (nasal operation) concomitant with hydrocephalus and tumor in secondary encephalocele has not been described...
A combination of trauma and a missed inflammatory response (nasal operation) concomitant with hydrocephalus and tumor in secondary encephalocele has not been described in the English literature yet. A 38-year-old man was admitted to the clinic with rhinorrhea that started 3 months ago. In his medical history, nothing abnormal was present except a nasal operation performed 1 year ago. Brain magnetic resonance imaging depicted left frontal encephalocele concomitant with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by an epidermoid cyst originated from the pineal region. A 2-staged surgery was planned. In the first stage, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion was conveyed successfully. In the second-stage surgery, the herniated brain tissue was excised, and the frontal sinus was cleansed with serum saline combined with antibiotic. The bony defect and the dura defect were repaired. The patient's presenting complaint recovered fully, and he was discharged to home in a well condition. Acquired encephalocele is a rare entity. In case of rhinorrhea and encephalocele, even in the presence of prior history of nasal surgery, intracranial evaluation should be conveyed to exclude the presence of hydrocephalus and/or tumor. The cranial defect should be repaired to prevent future infections and brain tissue damage.
Topics: Adult; Central Nervous System Cysts; Encephalocele; Epidermal Cyst; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pineal Gland; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27315314
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000002771 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology Sep 2001The pineal region is one of the surgically inaccessible areas in the brain. Many neurovascular structures form a formidable obstacle to the operative approach to this... (Review)
Review
The pineal region is one of the surgically inaccessible areas in the brain. Many neurovascular structures form a formidable obstacle to the operative approach to this region. The approaches suitable for reaching the pineal region are the infratentorial supracerebellar, occipital transtentorial, posterior transcallosal, posterior transcortical and posterior subtemporal routes. Considerations important in selecting one of these surgical approaches are reviewed from the anatomical viewpoint.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurosurgical Procedures; Pineal Gland
PubMed: 11767292
DOI: 10.1023/a:1012790213818