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Transactions of the Royal Society of... Oct 2014The endemic treponemal diseases, consisting of yaws, bejel (endemic syphilis) and pinta, are non-venereal infections closely related to syphilis, and are recognized by...
The endemic treponemal diseases, consisting of yaws, bejel (endemic syphilis) and pinta, are non-venereal infections closely related to syphilis, and are recognized by WHO as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Despite previous worldwide eradication efforts the prevalence of yaws has rebounded in recent years and the disease is now a major public health problem in 14 countries. Adequate data on the epidemiology of bejel and pinta is lacking. Each disease is restricted to a specific ecological niche but all predominantly affect poor, rural communities. As with venereal syphilis, the clinical manifestations of the endemic treponemal diseases are variable and can be broken down in to early stage and late stage disease. Current diagnostic techniques are unable to distinguish the different causative species but newer molecular techniques are now making this possible. Penicillin has long been considered the mainstay of treatment for the endemic treponemal diseases but the recent discovery that azithromycin is effective in the treatment of yaws has renewed interest in these most neglected of the NTDs, and raised hopes that global eradication may finally be possible.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Developing Countries; Endemic Diseases; Humans; Pinta; Syphilis; Yaws
PubMed: 25157125
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru128 -
JAMA Oct 1968
Topics: Animals; Hominidae; Male; Mexico; Pinta; Syphilis; Treponema; United States
PubMed: 5695667
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 1994
Topics: Adolescent; Brazil; Child; Humans; Indians, South American; Pinta; Syphilis; Yaws
PubMed: 7832880
DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(09)80096-0 -
Archives of Dermatology Jun 1999Pinta, 1 of the 3 nonvenereal treponematoses, is supposed to be extinct in most areas in South and Central America, where it was once endemic. Only scattered foci may...
BACKGROUND
Pinta, 1 of the 3 nonvenereal treponematoses, is supposed to be extinct in most areas in South and Central America, where it was once endemic. Only scattered foci may still remain in remote areas in the Brazilian rain forest, and the last case from Cuba was reported in 1975.
OBSERVATION
A native Austrian woman, who had lived for 7 years in Cuba and was married to a Cuban native, developed a singular psoriasiform plaque on her trunk and several brownish papulosquamous lesions on her palms and soles during a visit to her home in Austria. Positive serological findings for active syphilis and the detection of spirochetes in the trunk lesion indicated early secondary syphilis, but an extensive case history and the clinical appearance fulfilled all criteria for pinta.
CONCLUSION
The acquisition of a distinct clinical entity, pinta, in a country where it was formerly endemic but now is believed to be extinct raises the question of whether the disease is in fact extinct or whether syphilis and pinta are so similar that no definite distinction is possible in certain cases.
Topics: Adult; Austria; Cuba; Female; Humans; Pinta
PubMed: 10376696
DOI: 10.1001/archderm.135.6.685 -
Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases... Feb 2024Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in pancreatic cancer allows high delivery of radiation doses on tumors without affecting surrounding tissue. This review aimed at... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in pancreatic cancer allows high delivery of radiation doses on tumors without affecting surrounding tissue. This review aimed at the SBRT application in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
DATA SOURCES
We retrieved articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed from January 2017 to December 2022. Keywords used in the search included: "pancreatic adenocarcinoma" OR "pancreatic cancer" AND "stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR)" OR "stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT)" OR "chemoradiotherapy (CRT)". English language articles with information on technical characteristics, doses and fractionation, indications, recurrence patterns, local control and toxicities of SBRT in pancreatic tumors were included. All articles were assessed for validity and relevant content.
RESULTS
Optimal doses and fractionation have not yet been defined. However, SBRT could be the standard treatment in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in addition to CRT. Furthermore, the combination of SBRT with chemotherapy may have additive or synergic effect on pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
SBRT is an effective modality for patients with pancreatic cancer, supported by clinical practice guidelines as it has demonstrated good tolerance and good disease control. SBRT opens a possibility of improving outcomes for these patients, both in neoadjuvant treatment and with radical intent.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma; Radiosurgery; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Chemoradiotherapy
PubMed: 36990839
DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.03.002 -
Archivos de Investigacion Medica 1970
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Langerhans Cells; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Pinta; Skin
PubMed: 5524581
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbes and Infection Jan 2002Treponemal diseases comprise venereal syphilis (Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum) and the endemic (non-venereal) treponematoses, i.e. yaws (T. pallidum subsp.... (Review)
Review
Treponemal diseases comprise venereal syphilis (Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum) and the endemic (non-venereal) treponematoses, i.e. yaws (T. pallidum subsp. pertenue), endemic syphilis (T. pallidum subsp. endemicum) and pinta (T. carateum). Treponemal diseases are distinguished on the basis of epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations. They are at present indistinguishable by morphological, immunological or serological methods. Several minor genetic differences have been identified among the subspecies. The endemic treponematoses have not yet been eliminated and are currently thought to affect at least 2.5 million persons. Renewed action towards the elimination of these diseases should be undertaken.
Topics: Endemic Diseases; History, 20th Century; Humans; Pinta; Syphilis; Treponemal Infections; Yaws
PubMed: 11825779
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01513-1 -
American Family Physician Jan 2013
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pinta; Serologic Tests; Syphilis; Yaws
PubMed: 23317070
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Jan 1988Inhabitants of a remote Panamanian village were examined for clinical and serological evidence of pinta infection. Of 104 persons examined, 21 (20%) had clinical...
Inhabitants of a remote Panamanian village were examined for clinical and serological evidence of pinta infection. Of 104 persons examined, 21 (20%) had clinical evidence of active or inactive pinta, and 54 (52%) were seropositive. Sera were evaluated for antibody to individual Treponema pallidum antigens. Sera from all four patients with active pinta contained antibody to the 47-48 kilodalton major antigen; the intensity of reactivity and the number of antigens recognized increased with age and, presumably, duration of infection. Sera from six children with inactive pinta reacted strongly with multiple T. pallidum antigens, whereas adults with inactive pinta had less intense reactivity against fewer molecules. Seronegative controls demonstrated only weak reactivity to fewer than five molecules. The development of antibody reactivity to the full spectrum of T. pallidum antigens during the course of infection demonstrates the high degree of antigenic relatedness of T. pallidum and Treponema carateum and is similar to the development of humoral responsiveness during syphilis infection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody Specificity; Antigens, Bacterial; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Pinta; Treponema pallidum
PubMed: 3275725
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/157.1.32 -
Nature Communications Oct 2017Hepatic mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of intermediary metabolism and maintenance of normoglycemia, and there is great interest in assessing rates of...
Hepatic mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of intermediary metabolism and maintenance of normoglycemia, and there is great interest in assessing rates of hepatic mitochondrial citrate synthase flux (V ) and pyruvate carboxylase flux (V ) in vivo. Here, we show that a positional isotopomer NMR tracer analysis (PINTA) method can be used to non-invasively assess rates of V and V fluxes using a combined NMR/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma following infusion of [3-C]lactate and glucose tracer. PINTA measures V and V fluxes over a wide range of physiological conditions with minimal pyruvate cycling and detects increased hepatic V following treatment with a liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupler. Finally, validation studies in humans demonstrate that the V /V ratio measured by PINTA is similar to that determined by in vivo NMR spectroscopy. This method will provide investigators with a relatively simple tool to non-invasively examine the role of altered hepatic mitochondrial metabolism.Liver mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role for glucose and lipid homeostasis and its alterations contribute to metabolic disorders, including fatty liver and diabetes. Here Perry et al. develop a method for the measurement of hepatic fluxes by using lactate and glucose tracers in combination with NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvic Acid; Rats
PubMed: 28986525
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01143-w