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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jul 1975The absorption of orally administered pivampicillin was studied in nine postoperative patients and compared with that of intravenously administered ampicillin. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The absorption of orally administered pivampicillin was studied in nine postoperative patients and compared with that of intravenously administered ampicillin. The absorption of pivampicillin was calculated on the basis of comparison of the areas under the serum concentration curves for both modes of administration. After an oral dose of 700 mg the absorption ranged from 40 to 95% (mean, 60%).
Topics: Absorption; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Pivampicillin; Postoperative Care; Surgical Wound Infection; Time Factors
PubMed: 1164005
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.8.1.11 -
Drugs 1973
Clinical Trial
Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gonorrhea; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Respiratory Tract Infections; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 4584904
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-197306020-00003 -
Infection 1974
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriuria; Catheters, Indwelling; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Eruptions; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Postoperative Complications; Urinary Tract Infections; Valerates
PubMed: 4278221
DOI: 10.1007/BF01642234 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 1974The absorption and excretion of equivalent doses of ampicillin, pivampicillin, and amoxycillin were compared in 10 healthy volunteers after administration of these... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
The absorption and excretion of equivalent doses of ampicillin, pivampicillin, and amoxycillin were compared in 10 healthy volunteers after administration of these antibiotics in a randomized triple crossover fashion. As recommended, ampicillin and amoxycillin were administered on an empty stomach, whereas pivampicillin was given with breakfast. The mean half-life times were nearly identical for all three antibiotics: 60.9 min for ampicillin; 58.4 min for pivampicillin; and 62.2 min for amoxycillin. The absorption of the drugs was evaluated according to the following three criteria: the mean peak serum levels; the "area under the curve"; and the percentage of recovery in urine. By these criteria, pivampicillin was the best-absorbed drug, with absorption 3.0 to 3.6 times higher than that of ampicillin and 1.2 to 1.5 times higher than that of amoxycillin, whereas the absorption of amoxycillin was 2.1 to 2.9 times higher than that of ampicillin.
Topics: Absorption; Adult; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Pivampicillin
PubMed: 15825310
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.6.5.588 -
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious... 1982Ampicillin was administered intramuscularly and amoxycillin or pivampicillin orally to 14 fasting newborn infants, 6-13 days old, in a cross-over trial. The dose was 50... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Ampicillin was administered intramuscularly and amoxycillin or pivampicillin orally to 14 fasting newborn infants, 6-13 days old, in a cross-over trial. The dose was 50 mg/kg twice daily. The mean peak plasma level of amoxycillin and pivampicillin was 58% (range 35-96%) and 48% (33-82%) of that noted after i.m. ampicillin, which gave a value of about 44 +/- 5 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SEM) in both groups. The area under the time-concentration curve was 75% (range 60-101%) of that of i.m. ampicillin for amoxycillin and 51% (20-76%) for pivampicillin (p less than 0.05). Both drugs, especially amoxycillin, should be useful for oral treatment of neonatal infections caused by susceptible microorganisms in infants who are not critically ill.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Injections, Intramuscular; Pivampicillin
PubMed: 7100823
DOI: 10.3109/inf.1982.14.issue-2.10 -
Research in Veterinary Science Feb 2012Ampicillin concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and plasma was studied after single intravenous ampicillin administration (15mg/kg) or single... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Ampicillin concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and plasma was studied after single intravenous ampicillin administration (15mg/kg) or single intragastric administration of its prodrug, pivampicillin (19.9mg/kg) to horses and discussed in relation to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of common equine respiratory pathogens. After intravenous administration, elimination of ampicillin was fast and not detectable in plasma after 12h in three out of six horses. Pivampicillin was absorbed well in non-fasted horses with an oral bioavailability of 36%. The degree of penetration of ampicillin into PELF, as described by the AUC(PELF)/AUC(plasma) ratio from 0 to 12h was 0.40 after intravenous administration and 1.00 after pivampicillin administration. In horses, ampicillin administered either intravenously or orally, in the form of pivampicillin, can provide clinically relevant drug concentrations in PELF for at least 12h, when treating susceptible equine respiratory pathogens (e.g. streptococci). Treatment of other bacterial pathogens requires susceptibility testing and possibly more frequent dosing, depending of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Horses; Injections, Intravenous; Pivampicillin
PubMed: 21144541
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.11.001 -
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious... 198452 convalescent carriers of Salmonellae (n = 25) and Shigellae (n = 27) were treated with a 4-week course of either co-trimoxazole or the combination... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
52 convalescent carriers of Salmonellae (n = 25) and Shigellae (n = 27) were treated with a 4-week course of either co-trimoxazole or the combination pivmecillinam/pivampicillin. 84% of the salmonella isolates and 89% of the shigella were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Sulphonamide resistance was observed in 52 and 58% of the strains, respectively. 12 and 44% of the isolates, respectively, were resistant to ampicillin. All were sensitive to mecillinam and all except 2 were sensitive to co-trimoxazole. In salmonella carriers, co-trimoxazole was successful in 54% of the subjects and pivmecillinam/pivampicillin in 58%. Co-trimoxazole cured 83% of the shigella carriers and pivmecillinam/pivampicillin 87%. Shigella carriers responded to therapy promptly. Concurrent biliary disease or diverticulosis adversely affected the prognosis in salmonella carriers.
Topics: Adult; Amdinocillin Pivoxil; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Child, Preschool; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dysentery, Bacillary; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillanic Acid; Penicillin Resistance; Pivampicillin; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Shigella; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 6320360
DOI: 10.3109/00365548409068414 -
Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health... Sep 1991In a double-blind randomized controlled trial from general practice, we assessed the efficacy of treatment with either metronidazole or pivampicillin in patients... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
In a double-blind randomized controlled trial from general practice, we assessed the efficacy of treatment with either metronidazole or pivampicillin in patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of bacterial vaginosis. 50 women were treated with metronidazole 500 mg twice daily and 54 with pivampicillin 700 mg twice daily, both for seven days. Evaluated four weeks after the start of treatment, we found a significantly higher cure rate in the metronidazole group (90%) than in the pivampicillin group (69%) (p = 0.01). Cure was defined as lack of fulfillment of the diagnostic criteria of bacterial vaginosis. Test for confounding according to parity and complaint of vaginal discharge showed no influence. Side-effects were significantly commoner in the pivampicillin group (28%) than in the metronidazole group (8%). We consider that metronidazole is a potent drug in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, with pivampicillin as a useful alternative.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Double-Blind Method; Family Practice; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Pivampicillin; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 1754753
DOI: 10.3109/02813439109018518 -
Lancet (London, England) Nov 1989
Topics: Ampicillin; Carnitine; Child; Humans; Pentanoic Acids; Pivampicillin
PubMed: 2572813
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91104-5 -
The Journal of International Medical... 1987Courses of 7 days on either 200 mg pivmecillinam/250 mg pivampicillin given twice daily or 250 mg amoxycillin given three times daily were compared in 3783 general... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
Courses of 7 days on either 200 mg pivmecillinam/250 mg pivampicillin given twice daily or 250 mg amoxycillin given three times daily were compared in 3783 general practice patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in a single-blind parallel group study. Patients on pivmecillinam/pivampicillin had significantly more 'excellent' responses, although there was no difference in overall response between treatments. Post-treatment sputum colour and consistency and peak expiratory flow rates were significantly better with pivmecillinam/pivampicillin. The incidence of side-effects was the same for both groups (approximately 10%), although significantly more patients reported lower gastro-intestinal problems with amoxycillin. Treatment was withdrawn due to side-effects in 47 (2.5%) patients on pivmecillinam/pivampicillin and 51 (2.7%) patients on amoxycillin. Amoxycillin is a standard therapy in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. In this study, however, it was shown that pivmecillinam/pivampicillin offers benefits over amoxycillin in these patients.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Amdinocillin; Amdinocillin Pivoxil; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Pivampicillin; Sputum
PubMed: 3556261
DOI: 10.1177/030006058701500209