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Social Science & Medicine (1982) Apr 2019The ability to remember, recognize and reconstruct places is a key component of episodic autobiographical memory. In this respect, place forms an essential basis for the...
The ability to remember, recognize and reconstruct places is a key component of episodic autobiographical memory. In this respect, place forms an essential basis for the unfolding of experiences in memory and imagination. The autobiographical memory is seen to contribute to a sense of self and place identity. The aim of this study was to concertedly analyze paintings, autobiographical narrations and places of birth and life of clients under treatment at a psychiatric clinic in Switzerland who were manifesting psychiatric disorders, e.g. depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, personality disorder, substance dependence, and dementia. Each client exhibited distinctive attitudes and approaches towards life characterized by unique personal mental constructs for living in given places of time episodes that worked towards shaping the development of their identities as well as the development of their health. For these clients, place and time function together to leave a mark, a trajectory, that can hinder or help the resolution of a psychiatric condition. Based on six representative cases, we illustrate how each painting, each biographical narration and each interview reveals deeper structures of individual perception, emotions, feelings, coping strategies, and capacities to reflect and identify with place-time trajectories. Based on this analysis, a place-time-identity model has been developed, which emphasizes the importance of narration, the structure of personality, and emotional experiences in the development of the 'relay station' of episodic autobiographical memory, self and autonoetic consciousness: these three elements are not only connected through their embeddedness in time, but also through their embeddedness in place. In this context, place provides an external fundus of memory, capable of supporting humans in healthy recollection and remembering. The process of placing appears to contribute to the creation of self-esteem and identity. This psycho-geographical place-life-time approach is contrasted to phenomenological place-space-time theories of Husserl, Heidegger, Bachelard, and Sloterdijk.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Memory, Episodic; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Residence Characteristics; Self Concept; Social Identification; Switzerland; Young Adult
PubMed: 30279020
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.039 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2022The term toponym means any name that is derived from a place name. Numerous dermatological conditions have their names derived from geographic places. Although most...
The term toponym means any name that is derived from a place name. Numerous dermatological conditions have their names derived from geographic places. Although most conditions may have some association to the place they have been derived from, some of them are fortuitous.
PubMed: 36386102
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_71_22 -
Journal of Intelligent Information... 2022Modern information systems have to support the user in managing, understanding and interacting with, more and more data. Visualization could help users comprehend...
Modern information systems have to support the user in managing, understanding and interacting with, more and more data. Visualization could help users comprehend information more easily and reach conclusions in relative shorter time. However, the bigger the data is, the harder the problem of visualizing it becomes. In this paper we focus on the problem of placing a set of values in the 2D (or 3D) space. We present a novel family of algorithms that produces spiral-like layouts where the biggest values are placed in the centre of the spiral and the smaller ones in the peripheral area, while respecting the relative sizes. The derived layout is suitable not only for the visualization of medium-sized collections of values, but also for collections of values whose sizes follow power-law distribution because it makes evident the bigger values (and their relative size) and it does not leave empty spaces in the peripheral area which is occupied by the majority of the values which are small. Therefore, the produced drawings are both informative and compact. The algorithm has linear time complexity (assuming the values are sorted), very limited main memory requirements, and produces drawings of bounded space, making it appropriate for interactive visualizations, and visual interfaces in general. We showcase the application of the algorithms in various domains and interactive interfaces.
PubMed: 34667373
DOI: 10.1007/s10844-021-00677-2 -
Heliyon Feb 2018Effective resource planning incorporates people-place relationships, allowing these efforts to be inclusive of the different local beliefs, interests, activities and...
Effective resource planning incorporates people-place relationships, allowing these efforts to be inclusive of the different local beliefs, interests, activities and needs. 'Geovisualizations' can serve as potentially powerful tools for facilitating 'place-conscious' resource planning, as they can be developed with high degrees of realism and accuracy, allowing people to recognize and relate to them as 'real places'. However, little research has been done on this potential, and the place-based applications of these visual tools are poorly understood. This study takes steps toward addressing this gap by exploring the relationship between sense of place and 'visualization of place'. Residents of the Capital Regional District of BC, Canada, were surveyed about their relationship with local coastal places, concerns for the coast, and how they mentally visualize these places. Factor analysis identified four sense of place dimensions - nature protection values, community and economic well-being values, place identity and place dependence, and four coastal concerns dimensions - ecological, private opportunities, public space and boating impacts. Visualization data were coded and treated as dependent variables in a series of logistic regressions that used sense of place and coastal concerns dimensions as predictors. Results indicated that different aspects of sense of place and (to a lesser degree) concerns for places influence the types of elements people include in their mental visualization of place. In addition, sense of place influenced the position and perspective people assume in these visualizations. These findings suggest that key visual elements and perspectives speak to different place relationships, which has implications for developing and using geovisualizations in terms of what elements should be included in tools and (if appropriate) depicted as affected by potential management or development scenarios.
PubMed: 29560460
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00547 -
Hippocampus Oct 2019Deciding whether a place is the same or different than places encountered previously is a common task in daily navigation which requires to develop knowledge about the...
Deciding whether a place is the same or different than places encountered previously is a common task in daily navigation which requires to develop knowledge about the locations of objects (object-location binding) and to recognize places from different perspectives. These abilities rely on hippocampal functioning which is susceptible to increasing age. Thus, the question of the present study is how they both together impact on place recognition in aging. Forty people aged 20-29, 44 aged 60-69, and 32 aged 70-79 were presented with places consisting of four different objects during the encoding phase. In the test phase, they were then presented with a second place and had to decide whether it was the same or different. Test places were presented from different perspectives (0°, 30°, 60°) and with different object conditions (same, a swap of two objects, a substitution with a novel object). The sensitivity for detecting changes (d') decreased from 20-29 to 60-69 and to 70-79 years old, and with increasing perspective shifts. Importantly, older adults were less sensitive to object swapping than to object substitution, while young participants did not show any difference. Overall, these results suggest specific age-related difficulties in object-location binding in the context of place recognition.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Recognition, Psychology; Space Perception; Spatial Memory; Young Adult
PubMed: 31070289
DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23099 -
Techniques in Vascular and... Dec 2003Vascular access is the cornerstone of medical therapy in the pediatric population and presents unique challenges. The vessels are small, often exceedingly so, and... (Review)
Review
Vascular access is the cornerstone of medical therapy in the pediatric population and presents unique challenges. The vessels are small, often exceedingly so, and gaining access may require considerable patience and skill. Peripheral IVs are difficult to place in children, both because of lack of patient cooperation and because of the very small size of many veins. In addition, repeated venipuncture has been identified as one of the greatest stresses in hospitalized children. In the recent past, all forms of central venous access were the preserve of surgeons and were placed in the operating room under general anesthesia. In recent years, pediatric interventional radiologists have described placing peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), subcutaneous venous access ports, hemodialysis catheters, and a variety of temporary and permanent central lines even in the smallest children. This has been achieved safely, reliably, and, by dispensing with general anesthesia and operating room time in most cases, at considerable cost savings to the entire health care system. In addition, new forms of reliable, stable access such as the PICC line have made possible outpatient treatment of a wide variety of conditions, particularly infectious, which previously necessitated hospital admission. This has resulted not only in considerable cost saving for the health care system but also improved quality of life for the patient and their family. In this section, I review the current state of pediatric vascular access with emphasis on those areas where pediatric differs from adult practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Catheterization, Central Venous; Catheterization, Peripheral; Catheters, Indwelling; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Phlebography; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 14767849
DOI: 10.1053/j.tvir.2003.10.005 -
Health & Place Jan 2020This commentary reviews the development and application of therapeutic landscape ideas as they have appeared and developed within issues of Health and Place to date....
This commentary reviews the development and application of therapeutic landscape ideas as they have appeared and developed within issues of Health and Place to date. This framework builds on landscape ideas drawn from humanist and structuralist influences in the 'new' cultural geography and seeks to deepen interpretation of the therapeutic reputation of certain places. These ideas have gained particular traction within health geography. We identified 119 papers published within Health and Place that have invoked the term in their titles and/or key words. Close scrutiny of these papers identified three main themes: spaces of care, mobile experiences of therapeutic places; and applications reaching beyond the Anglo-American world. Drawing on extracts from a 2017 exchange with Wilbert Gesler, who developed the construct, we note that some work in this field has drifted significantly from the tripartite foundations of therapeutic landscape he initially identified. We highlight the importance of maintaining the integrity of this foundation while recognising the value of new thinking that has usefully extended the concept around relationality and enabling (human and non-human) resources. We conclude that some applications of therapeutic landscape thinking have reached well beyond its intended scope, resulting in a dilution of the construct's interpretive power. Nevertheless its influence within health geography has been potent. Specifically, it has been a theoretical pivot facilitating methodological experimentation and diversification; allowed a return of the idiographic tradition; and offered a platform from which deeper theorising has occurred.
Topics: Environment Design; Geography, Medical; Humanism; Humans; Social Environment
PubMed: 32329721
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102224 -
Law and Human Behavior Feb 2022We examined whether variations in the strength of the evidentiary connection between a suspect and the crime under investigation affected officers' decisions to place...
OBJECTIVE
We examined whether variations in the strength of the evidentiary connection between a suspect and the crime under investigation affected officers' decisions to place suspects into an identification procedure and whether education about the problems associated with base-rate neglect sensitized officers to variations in evidentiary connection.
METHOD
Police officers ( = 279; age range = 24-70; 86% male) read a hypothetical crime scenario, adopting the role of the lead investigator. The scenarios varied in how closely the suspect was connected to the crime (evidentiary connection: weak vs. strong). Before reading the crime scenarios, half of the participants received education about the relationship between the base rate of guilt among suspects placed in lineups and the prevalence of mistaken identifications (education: present vs. absent). Officers indicated whether they would conduct an identification procedure with a witness based on the evidence they currently had against the suspect.
HYPOTHESES
We expected that participants would better distinguish between the strong and weak evidentiary connection conditions when education was present than when it was absent.
RESULTS
Education did not sensitize officers to the strength of the evidence connecting the suspect to the crime under investigation, but officers were sensitive to variations in evidentiary connection without benefit of the educational intervention. However, a majority of officers were willing to subject a suspect to an identification procedure even when there was no evidence connecting the suspect to the crime.
CONCLUSIONS
Officers' decisions about placing suspects in lineups reflect some level of base-rate neglect that remained even after education about the importance of increasing the ratio of culprit-present to culprit-absent lineups for decreasing mistaken identifications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Crime; Female; Guilt; Humans; Male; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Police; Recognition, Psychology; Young Adult
PubMed: 34968099
DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000476 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2020The ability to recognise places is known to deteriorate with advancing age. In this study, we investigated the contribution of age-related changes in spatial encoding...
The ability to recognise places is known to deteriorate with advancing age. In this study, we investigated the contribution of age-related changes in spatial encoding strategies to declining place recognition ability. We recorded eye movements while younger and older adults completed a place recognition task first described by Muffato et al. (2019). Participants first learned places, which were defined by an array of four objects, and then decided whether the next place they were shown was the same or different to the one they learned. Places could be shown from the same spatial perspective as during learning or from a shifted perspective (30° or 60°). Places that were different to those during learning were changed either by substituting an object in the place with a novel object or by swapping the locations of two objects. We replicated the findings of Muffato et al. (2019) showing that sensitivity to detect changes in a place declined with advancing age and declined when the spatial perspective was shifted. Additionally, older adults were particularly impaired on trials in which object locations were swapped; however, they were not differentially affected by perspective changes compared to younger adults. During place encoding, older adults produced more fixations and saccades, shorter fixation durations, and spent less time looking at objects compared to younger adults. Further, we present an analysis of gaze chaining, designed to capture spatio-temporal aspects of gaze behaviour. The chaining measure was a significant predictor of place recognition performance. We found significant differences between age groups on the chaining measure and argue that these differences in gaze behaviour are indicative of differences in encoding strategy between age groups. In summary, we report a direct replication of Muffato et al. (2019) and provide evidence for age-related differences in spatial encoding strategies, which are related to place recognition performance.
PubMed: 33013562
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02182 -
Health & Place Mar 2024Low socioeconomic status (measured both objectively and subjectively) is systematically associated with worse health. Amid renewed interest in contextual influences on...
Low socioeconomic status (measured both objectively and subjectively) is systematically associated with worse health. Amid renewed interest in contextual influences on health inequalities, we ask whether variation in the prevailing ideological climate moderates the size of the health gap between low and high status individuals. Based on the minority stress hypothesis, we expect that living in an economically progressive place within Switzerland - places where more residents endorse the need for change to the economic status quo - will reduce the magnitude of the health gap. Multilevel modelling of MOSAiCH 2015-2020 data shows the opposite: low status individuals in progressive places report markedly lower subjective health and life satisfaction than similarly low status individuals in conservative places, such that status-based health inequalities are maximised in progressive places. We interpret this apparent progressive place paradox in terms of collective inefficacy and system frustration, which we argue is the corollary of system justification.
Topics: Humans; Switzerland; Socioeconomic Factors; Health Status; Health Inequities; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 38402812
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103215