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HERD Apr 2024Mothers need a place in public spaces where they can comfortably breastfeed and care for their babies. The availability and design features of these places are critical...
BACKGROUND
Mothers need a place in public spaces where they can comfortably breastfeed and care for their babies. The availability and design features of these places are critical for meeting mothers' safety and comfort needs while they are breastfeeding.
AIM
This study was conducted to examine mothers' experiences with breastfeeding places in public spaces.
METHODS
This study, which was planned as a phenomenological research, one of qualitative research designs, was conducted with mothers ( = 18) with breastfeeding experience in public places. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The thematic analysis method was employed to evaluate the data.
RESULTS
Study findings were examined under two main themes and 12 subthemes. Getting to the breastfeeding place was actually enough for many of the participants. Women who could not breastfeed for any reason in breastfeeding places stated that they came up with some solutions, such as breastfeeding in the car, feeding with formula, and not taking the baby with them. Participants' basic expectations about the breastfeeding place were that it met cleanliness, hygiene, privacy, and ventilation conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
It was found that women who tended to spend more time in public spaces recently encountered similar problems during the breastfeeding process. Breastfeeding environments should meet minimum standards such as cleanliness and privacy as well as having the necessary comfort, aesthetics, and decoration features.
PubMed: 38591576
DOI: 10.1177/19375867241237508 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine May 2009Previous studies suggest that favorite places provide stress-alleviating experiences and serve emotion regulation. This study used a prospective, experimental design to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Previous studies suggest that favorite places provide stress-alleviating experiences and serve emotion regulation. This study used a prospective, experimental design to investigate the hypothesis that a group of adults instructed to regularly visit their local favorite places will experience greater daily restoration and fewer self-reported physical symptoms than a group instructed to avoid all favorite-place visits.
METHODS
Members of the favorite-place group were asked to visit their local favorite places at least once per day on 5 weekdays. They visited five times, on average, and also reported all other place visits in a structured place diary. Members of the not-visiting group visited their favorite place 0-1 times and daily reported all place visits outside the home. The control group, which was given instructions that did not mention favorite places, reported all place visits outside the home. Restorative experiences (assessed on the Restoration Outcome Scale and including attentiveness, relaxation, clearing one's mind, subjective vitality, and self-confidence) and self-reported physical symptoms (headache, backache, muscle tension and pain) were measured with structured health diaries using Likert scales. Data were collected in 2006 and analyzed in 2007 and 2008.
RESULTS
Every day the group visiting favorite places experienced significantly stronger restorative experiences than the not-visiting and control groups. The groups did not differ in the amount of self-rated physical symptoms reported at the end of each day. In all groups such symptoms decreased toward the end of the week.
CONCLUSIONS
Favorite-place prescriptions and visits affect subjective well-being. Health counseling and research on coping strategies should not ignore the use of sociophysical environments for self- and emotion-regulation.
Topics: Adult; Emotions; Environment; Female; Finland; Health Status; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 19269127
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.022 -
Current Biology : CB Jan 2018The mammalian hippocampus is important for normal memory function, particularly memory for places and events. Place cells, neurons within the hippocampus that have... (Review)
Review
The mammalian hippocampus is important for normal memory function, particularly memory for places and events. Place cells, neurons within the hippocampus that have spatial receptive fields, represent information about an animal's position. During periods of rest, but also during active task engagement, place cells spontaneously recapitulate past trajectories. Such 'replay' has been proposed as a mechanism necessary for a range of neurobiological functions, including systems memory consolidation, recall and spatial working memory, navigational planning, and reinforcement learning. Focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on work conducted in rodents, we describe the methodologies used to analyse replay and review evidence for its putative roles. We identify outstanding questions as well as apparent inconsistencies in existing data, making suggestions as to how these might be resolved. In particular, we find support for the involvement of replay in disparate processes, including the maintenance of hippocampal memories and decision making. We propose that the function of replay changes dynamically according to task demands placed on an organism and its current level of arousal.
Topics: Animals; Hippocampus; Memory; Mice; Rats; Reinforcement, Psychology; Spatial Navigation
PubMed: 29316421
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.073 -
Psychopharmacology Sep 2013Rats develop preferences for places associated with the immediate rewarding effects of cocaine and aversions for places paired with the drug's delayed negative effects....
RATIONALE
Rats develop preferences for places associated with the immediate rewarding effects of cocaine and aversions for places paired with the drug's delayed negative effects. The motivation to seek cocaine should therefore depend upon the relative magnitude of these two opposing effects of the drug.
OBJECTIVE
The current study tested this notion by assessing the relative persistence of the positive and negative associations formed between environmental cues and the immediate or delayed effects of cocaine.
METHODS
Rats were administered 1.0 mg/kg intravenous cocaine and placed into a distinctive environment either immediately or 15-min after injection, alternating daily with pairings of a second environment with saline. After four drug-place and four saline-place pairings, rats were returned to their home cages for 1, 7, or 21 days after which a 15-min place preference test was conducted. In a second experiment, the effectiveness of a single reconditioning session (one drug-place and one saline-place pairing) to reactivate learned cocaine-place associations was assessed after 1 or 3 weeks of drug abstinence.
RESULTS
Places associated with the immediate effects of cocaine were preferred (CPP), while places associated with the delayed effects of cocaine were avoided (CPA). The persistence of these effects differed with CPP remaining viable at 3 weeks of withdrawal, while CPA was no longer present after 1 week. Reconditioning with an additional cocaine-place pairing failed to reinstate the CPA.
CONCLUSIONS
Cue-induced "relapse" of cocaine-seeking behavior may be fueled in part by an increased persistence of positive relative to negative associations with drug-paired stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Cocaine; Conditioning, Psychological; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reward; Time Factors
PubMed: 23568579
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3086-9 -
Prehospital Emergency Care 1999Many prehospital cardiac arrests occur in public places. Even the best EMS systems have a finite response time. Therefore, it has been recommended that automated...
BACKGROUND
Many prehospital cardiac arrests occur in public places. Even the best EMS systems have a finite response time. Therefore, it has been recommended that automated external defibrillators (AEDs) be placed in public areas for immediate access by trained members of the general public.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the locations of multiple cardiac arrests in order to plan for placement of public-access AEDs.
METHODS
Retrospective review of all primary cardiac arrests in calendar year 1997. Cardiac arrests in which resuscitation was not attempted (DOA), traumatic cases, pediatric cases, and those due to "other" causes were excluded. Location of the cardiac arrest was obtained from the ambulance run ticket. The EMS system is an urban, Midwestern, all-ALS, public-utility model system with fire department first responders that transports approximately 58,000 patients annually.
RESULTS
There was scene response to 922 cardiac arrests. 377 DOAs and 219 nonprimary cardiac arrests were excluded. There were 326 primary cardiac arrests. Sixteen locations had more than one cardiac arrest: 11 locations had two cardiac arrests, four locations had three cardiac arrests, and one location had four cardiac arrests. The airport, an airline overhaul facility, a casino, and two hotels each had two cardiac arrests; the other locations of multiple cardiac arrests were in nursing homes. The professional sports stadiums had no cardiac arrests.
CONCLUSIONS
Since very few locations had more than one cardiac arrest, it may be difficult to identify high-yield public places in which to place an AED. Nursing homes may want to consider AED availability.
Topics: Electric Countershock; Emergency Medical Services; Health Services Accessibility; Heart Arrest; Humans; Missouri; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 10534029
DOI: 10.1080/10903129908958958 -
Operative Dentistry May 2021To measure and compare the effect of operator experience in their ability to place composite in increments that are 2 mm thick.
OBJECTIVE
To measure and compare the effect of operator experience in their ability to place composite in increments that are 2 mm thick.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Fifteen volunteers from each class of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and senior dental students and 15 clinical faculty (total number of volunteers = 75) were asked to restore a Class I preparation that was 5 mm in diameter and 8 mm deep from the cusp tips using three increments of composite that were each to be 2 mm thick. Once completed, the models were sectioned, and the thickness of each increment was measured. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (pre-set α=0.05) was used to compare the mean increment thickness with respect to operator experience level and increment sequence number. In addition, the proportion of operators placing clinically acceptable increments (between 1.75 and 2.25 mm thick), as well as the proportions from each group who placed increments that either were thinner or thicker than this range, was determined using nonparametric analyses.
RESULTS
Overall, there was an increasing trend for groups with a higher experience level to provide mean incremental thickness values close to 2 mm. However, the likelihood of placing an increment that was thicker or thinner than the manufacturer-recommended thickness was not significantly different. Regardless of the increment value, only about one-third of the increments placed fell within the desired range of 1.75 to 2.25 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
Operator experience had no overwhelming significant influence on the ability to place increments of composite that were between 1.75 and 2.25 mm thick. An operator has only about one chance out of three to place a composite increment within this clinically acceptable range when using no external measurement system.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans
PubMed: 34143219
DOI: 10.2341/19-286-L -
Computers, Environment and Urban Systems Jan 2023It is often believed that regularities are embedded in mobile behaviors. Highly regular mobile behaviors, such as daily commutes between home and workplace, have been...
It is often believed that regularities are embedded in mobile behaviors. Highly regular mobile behaviors, such as daily commutes between home and workplace, have been actively investigated in the context of health risks. Less regular mobile behaviors, such as visits to service places (e.g., supermarkets and healthcare facilities), have not received much attention. This study explores the regularity in service place visits using a deep learning method and the effect of place type on the stability of recurring visits using an entropy assessment. Results reveal both periodic and bursty visit behaviors to service places. The periodic visits are prominent on the weekly and bi-weekly scales, and the bursty visits dominate the multi-day scales. Service place type indeed affects the stability of recurring visits, and certain place types have the strongest effect. The research findings substantially expand the knowledge of mobile behaviors and are valuable in informing both visitor-based and place-based health risks.
PubMed: 36968094
DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101896 -
Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods Jul 2015A grand challenge of tissue engineering is the fabrication of large constructs with a high density of living cells. By adapting the principles of pick-and-place machines...
A grand challenge of tissue engineering is the fabrication of large constructs with a high density of living cells. By adapting the principles of pick-and-place machines used in the high-speed assembly of electronics, we have developed an innovative instrument, the Bio-Pick, Place, and Perfuse (Bio-P3), which picks up large complex multicellular building parts, transports them to a build area, and precisely places the parts at desired locations while perfusing the parts. These assembled parts subsequently fuse to form a larger contiguous tissue construct. Multicellular microtissues were formed by seeding cells into nonadhesive micro-molds, wherein cells self-assembled scaffold-free parts in the shape of spheroids, toroids, and honeycombs. After removal from the molds, the parts were gripped, transported (using an x, y, z controller), and released using the Bio-P3 with little to no effect on cell viability or part structure. As many as 16 toroids were stacked over a 170 μm diameter post where they fused over the course of 48 h to form a single tissue. Larger honeycomb parts were also gripped and stacked onto a build head that, like the gripper head, provided fluid suction to hold and perfuse the parts during assembly. Scaffold-free building parts help to address several of the engineering and biological challenges to large tissue biofabrication, and the Bio-P3 described in this article is a novel instrument for the controlled gripping, placing, stacking, and perfusing of living building parts for solid organ fabrication.
Topics: Equipment Design; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 25530515
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2014.0439 -
Health & Place Nov 2016Plans for 'medicities', announced in the Indian press from 2007 onwards, were to provide large scale 'one-stop-shops' of super-speciality medical services supplemented...
Plans for 'medicities', announced in the Indian press from 2007 onwards, were to provide large scale 'one-stop-shops' of super-speciality medical services supplemented by diagnostics, education, research facilities, and other aspects of healthcare and lifestyle consumption. Placing this phenomenon within the recent domestic and global political economy of health, we then draw on recent research literatures on place and health to offer an analysis of the narration of these new healthcare places given in promotional texts from press media, official documents and marketing materials. We consider the implications of such analytic undertakings for the understanding of the evolving landscapes of contemporary health care in middle-income countries, and end with some reflections on the tensions now appearing in the medicity model.
Topics: Cities; Delivery of Health Care; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; India; Life Style; Medical Tourism; Politics; Private Sector; Research; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 27693748
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.08.004 -
Alzheimer Disease and Associated... 2009The aim of this descriptive study was to estimate and compare the association between cognitive decline and quality of life (QOL) for 2 groups of dementia patients... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The aim of this descriptive study was to estimate and compare the association between cognitive decline and quality of life (QOL) for 2 groups of dementia patients differing by place of residence: home or institution. Each subject was placed within a specific subgroup according to their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and was evaluated by a QOL proxy-assessment [Alzheimer Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL)] and a dependency assessment (Katz Activities of Daily Living classification). For the "at home" and "institution" groups, global and subscale ADRQL scores showed significant differences between the 5 MMSE subgroups. Place of residence and MMSE subgroups significantly affected global and subscale ADRQL scores. The MMSE 4 to 8, 9 to 13, and 14 to 18 subgroups had ADRQL global scores significantly better in the institution group than the at home group. In contrast, the MMSE 19 to 23 and 0 to 3 subgroups had similar ADRQL global scores in both places of residence. In conclusion, there is no direct relationship between cognitive decline and QOL, and QOL does not seem to be better at home compared with the institution.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Female; Home Care Services; Homes for the Aged; Housing; Humans; Male; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19935147
DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181b4cf48