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History and Philosophy of the Life... 2015At the present time, there is considerable interest for the physical setting of science, that is, its actual 'place' of practice. Among historians of biology, place has...
At the present time, there is considerable interest for the physical setting of science, that is, its actual 'place' of practice. Among historians of biology, place has been considered to be a crucial component for the study of ecology. Other historians have noted the 'built' environments (laboratories) for the study of biology along the seashore, even referring to these places in terms more applicable to vacation sites. In this paper, I examine the place of intertidal ecology investigations, both in terms of the physical space and the built space. Part of the examination will investigate the aesthetic aspect of the Pacific Coast, part will evaluate the unique character of the intertidal zone, and part will consider the construction of natural laboratories and built laboratories as characteristic places for biology.
Topics: Biology; British Columbia; Ecology; History, 20th Century; Marine Biology; Pacific Ocean; Pacific States
PubMed: 25515145
DOI: 10.1007/s40656-014-0037-7 -
Journal of Biosciences Jul 2002Biodiversity has acquired such a general meaning that people now find it difficult to pin down a precise sense for planning and policy-making aimed at biodiversity... (Review)
Review
Biodiversity has acquired such a general meaning that people now find it difficult to pin down a precise sense for planning and policy-making aimed at biodiversity conservation. Because biodiversity is rooted in place, the task of conserving biodiversity should target places for conservation action; and because all places contain biodiversity, but not all places can be targeted for action, places have to be prioritized. What is needed for this is a measure of the extent to which biodiversity varies from place to place. We do not need a precise measure of biodiversity to prioritize places. Relative estimates of similarity or difference can be derived using partial measures, or what have come to be called biodiversity surrogates. Biodiversity surrogates are supposed to stand in for general biodiversity in planning applications. We distinguish between true surrogates, those that might truly stand in for general biodiversity, and estimator surrogates, which have true surrogates as their target variable. For example, species richness has traditionally been the estimator surrogate for the true surrogate, species diversity. But species richness does not capture the differences in composition between places; the essence of biodiversity. Another measure, called complementarity, explicitly captures the differences between places as we iterate the process of place prioritization, starting with an initial place. The relative concept of biodiversity built into the definition of complementarity has the level of precision needed to undertake conservation planning.
Topics: Australia; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Geography; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 12177530
DOI: 10.1007/BF02704961 -
American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease... Jun 2012For caregivers of persons with dementia, estimating when that person should be placed in long-term care is difficult. Health care providers also find it hard to give an...
For caregivers of persons with dementia, estimating when that person should be placed in long-term care is difficult. Health care providers also find it hard to give an exact time as to when the person should be placed. Using data from 197 caregivers working with the Dementia Care Services Project in North Dakota, we show that asking the caregiver about their inclination to place can be equated to asking them for a specific time to place (κ = .616). Using the probability density function of time to place we were able to translate it into inclination. This inclination is easier information for the caregiver to provide and places fewer burdens on the caregiver and patient. It also provides the health care provider with a measure of time to help advise caregivers and recommend interventions and provide service organizations with measures of cost savings to support the impact of outreach and intervention.
Topics: Aged; Caregivers; Cost of Illness; Dementia; Home Nursing; Humans; Long-Term Care; North Dakota; Time Factors
PubMed: 22739029
DOI: 10.1177/1533317512449729 -
Compendium of Continuing Education in... Feb 2017A literature review was conducted to determine the role of insertion torque in attaining primary stability of dental implants. The review is comprised of articles that... (Review)
Review
A literature review was conducted to determine the role of insertion torque in attaining primary stability of dental implants. The review is comprised of articles that discussed the amount of torque needed to achieve primary implant stability in healed ridges and fresh extraction sockets prior to immediate implant loading. Studies were appraised that addressed the effects of minimum and maximum forces that can be used to successfully place implants. The minimum torque that can be employed to attain primary stability is undefined. Forces ≥30 Ncm are routinely used to place implants into healed ridges and fresh extraction sockets prior to immediate loading of implants. Increased insertion torque (≥50 Ncm) reduces micromotion and does not appear to damage bone. In general, the healing process after implant insertion provides a degree of biologic stability that is similar whether implants are placed with high or low initial insertion torque. Primary stability is desirable when placing implants, but the absence of micromotion is what facilitates predictable implant osseointegration. Increased insertion torque helps achieve primary stability by reducing implant micromotion. Furthermore, tactile information provided by the first surgical twist drill can aid in selecting the initial insertion torque to achieve predictable stability of inserted dental implants.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Restoration Failure; Humans; Torque
PubMed: 28156122
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle... Mar 2014We conducted a study to compare postoperative infection and nonunion rates in tibial intramedullary nails (IMNs) placed through either uninjured knees or traumatic knee...
We conducted a study to compare postoperative infection and nonunion rates in tibial intramedullary nails (IMNs) placed through either uninjured knees or traumatic knee arthrotomies (KAs). We reviewed all adult tibial diaphyseal fractures (n = 1378) treated with an IMN between 1998 and 2010. Fourteen of these nails were placed through a traumatic KA. Each patient in the study group was assigned 4 separate matched controls for comparison. Controls were matched on age, sex, diabetes, smoking, and fracture classification (closed or open with Gustilo-Anderson). There were no postoperative infections (knee or fracture site) in the traumatic KA group and 2 (3.5%) in the control group (P = .473). One nonunion (7.1%) was noted in the traumatic KA group, and 9 (16%) were noted in the control group (P = .6694). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report outcomes of placing tibial IMNs through traumatic KAs. In our sample, the practice presented no increased risk either for infection (at the knee or the fracture site) or for nonunion with appropriate surgical debridement.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Nails; Female; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; Fracture Healing; Humans; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Tibia; Tibial Fractures; Young Adult
PubMed: 24660176
DOI: No ID Found -
Health & Place Dec 2008Little research has examined how older veterans view the long-term care facility as place and how they make meaning of their experiences within specific places. This...
Little research has examined how older veterans view the long-term care facility as place and how they make meaning of their experiences within specific places. This study examined seven older veterans' meanings of place within the cognitive support unit of a veteran's hospital and in a summer camp setting. In the facility, the environment was interpreted as restrictive. At camp, the environment was interpreted as freeing. Each of the environments was experienced within the horizons of meaning of residents' lives [Gubrium, J.F., 1993. Speaking of Life: Horizons of Meaning for Nursing Home Residents. Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY.]. What was evident here was that the experiences in both places, both in the moment and through horizons of meaning, contributed to how residents created a sense of place in these two distinct environments.
Topics: Attitude; Dementia; Environment; Focus Groups; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Nursing Homes; Ontario; Veterans
PubMed: 18282733
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.01.001 -
World Journal of Orthopedics Oct 2018Pelvic instrumentation for neuromuscular scoliosis has been part of neuromuscular scoliosis surgery since the era of the Luque Galveston construct. Unit Rod (Medtronic... (Review)
Review
Pelvic instrumentation for neuromuscular scoliosis has been part of neuromuscular scoliosis surgery since the era of the Luque Galveston construct. Unit Rod (Medtronic Sofamor-Danek, Nashville, TN) instrumentation brought with it the concept of cantilever correction by placing the implants in the pelvis and then gradually bringing the rod to the spine by sequentially tightening the sublaminar wires, with the goal of creating a level pelvis over a straight spine. More recently surgeons have utilized pedicle screw constructs in which the corrective strategies have varied. Challenges with pelvic fixation using iliac screws linked to the spinal rod have led to the development of the S2-alar-iliac technique (S2AI) in which the spinal rod connects to the pelvic screw. The screw is placed in the S2 ala, crosses the sacro-iliac joint and into the ilium through a large column of supra-acetabular bone. This column is the same area used for anterior inferior iliac spine external fixation frames used in trauma surgery. S2AI screw placement can be technically difficult and can require experienced radiology technologists to provide the appropriate views. Additionally, although the technique was originally described being placed freehand technique with intra-operative flouroscopy, the freehand technique suffers from the anatomic anomalies present in the pelvis in neuromuscular scoliosis. As such, we prefer to place them using intra-operative navigation for all pediatric spinal deformity cases. Below in detail we report our intra-operative technique and an illustrative case example.
PubMed: 30364843
DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v9.i10.185 -
Acta Psychologica Jan 2020This paper offers a new way of considering places as special types of categories, in human cognition of larger-scale environments. This may provide an explanatory...
This paper offers a new way of considering places as special types of categories, in human cognition of larger-scale environments. This may provide an explanatory cognitive model for a range of known phenomena from environmental psychology and human geography - notably places' semantic salience and vague, unstable boundaries. Using such a model to apply suitable classification approaches may enhance geographic information (GI) for key public-facing users, such as emergency services and planners. Two empirical studies confirmed that a spatially extended place (e.g., suburban locality or neighborhood) may be stored as a category whose exemplars are memorable individual locations or scenes. Using a questionnaire-based method to partly replicate key findings from the semantic memory literature (Barsalou, 1985; Lynch et al., 2000), the studies tested the relevance to such places of known semantic memory phenomena including graded membership, typicality versus ideals, expertise and context effects. The discussion considers the link between semantic and spatial vagueness of places.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cognition; Female; Fuzzy Logic; Humans; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Photic Stimulation; Random Allocation; Semantics; Young Adult
PubMed: 31805480
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102937 -
Environmental Management Mar 2013This paper aims to deepen the search for ecosystem-like concepts in indigenous societies by highlighting the importance of place names used by Quechua indigenous farmers...
This paper aims to deepen the search for ecosystem-like concepts in indigenous societies by highlighting the importance of place names used by Quechua indigenous farmers from the central Bolivian Andes. Villagers from two communities in the Tunari Mountain Range were asked to list, describe, map and categorize the places they knew on their community's territory. Results show that place names capture spatially explicit units which integrate biotic and abiotic nature and humans, and that there is an emphasis on topographic terms, highlighting the importance of geodiversity. Farmers' perspectives differ from the classical view of ecosystems because they 'humanize' places, considering them as living beings with agency. Consequently, they do not make a distinction between natural and cultural heritage. Their perspective of the environment is that of a personalized, dynamic relationship with the elements of the natural world that are perceived as living entities. A practical implication of the findings for sustainable development is that since places names make the links between people and the elements of the landscape, toponymy is a tool for ecosystem management rooted in indigenous knowledge. Because place names refer to holistic units linked with people's experience and spatially explicit, they can be used as an entry point to implement an intercultural dialogue for more sustainable land management.
Topics: Adult; Bolivia; Culture; Ecosystem; Female; Focus Groups; Humans; Male; Names; Population Groups
PubMed: 23142952
DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9969-4 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Jul 2003This paper explores the links between lay knowledge, place and health related social action (or agency) at the individual and collective level. It is based on an...
This paper explores the links between lay knowledge, place and health related social action (or agency) at the individual and collective level. It is based on an analysis of in-depth interviews and neighbourhood survey data across four localities in two cities in the North West of England.The qualitative analysis has identified 'guidelines' that we argue provide socially shared understandings of the normative contours of 'proper places' which shape the way people respond to the everyday lived reality of places. The quantitative findings suggest that a substantial minority of people, particularly in disadvantaged areas, are exposed to significant dissonance between the normative dimensions and lived experience of place. The analysis points to potential interactions between individual and collective action which may affect the health of individuals and populations and 'ontological fit'-people's ability to (re) construct a positive identity despite living in what they and others perceive to be an 'improper' place. This is linked to their biographical connections with particular places and the extent to which they can localise problems and people in places at a distance from themselves. The paper contributes to understanding about the processes that generate inequalities in the health experience of people living in sharply contrasting socio-economic circumstances as well as finer-grained health inequalities between the 'poor' and the 'poorest'.
Topics: England; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Qualitative Research; Social Class; Social Environment; Social Justice; Urban Population
PubMed: 12753816
DOI: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00299-x