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Indian Journal of Thoracic and... Apr 2019Placing retractor and stabilization devices during open heart surgery can be difficult in obese patients due to extremely short neck and excessive breast tissue....
Placing retractor and stabilization devices during open heart surgery can be difficult in obese patients due to extremely short neck and excessive breast tissue. Off-pump coronary bypass operations in these patients can be particularly technically demanding. To overcome this difficulty, we have used two retractors concomitantly. The first retractor is placed to the edges of sternum and the second one is placed into this first retractor. This maneuver ensures an extra height, and placing stabilization devices in this second retractor is relatively easy. Thus, we suggest that adding this maneuver will facilitate off-pump coronary bypass operations.
PubMed: 33061024
DOI: 10.1007/s12055-019-00799-x -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Sep 1993This paper argues that a re-examination of the interrelationship between constructs of place and space is crucial to geography's involvement in the broader endeavour of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This paper argues that a re-examination of the interrelationship between constructs of place and space is crucial to geography's involvement in the broader endeavour of health research. Place has re-emerged as nexus of ascribed meaning within contemporary social theory. Places, however, are related in space, by distance or proximity. The distinction needs to be made between this orthodox (geometric) view of space and two types of social space: the (experienced) space described by humanist geographers; and the more recent (socio-spatial) conceptualization which is both experienced and (re)produced by societal structures and advocated by social theorists in geography. We argue that advancing a recursive understanding of space and place is an appropriate direction in medical geography. This direction will include both an understanding of the ways in which space shapes the character of places and how the particularities of places resist or set in motion (orthodox) spatial processes. Illustrations are drawn from studies of mental illness and mental health care and primary health care in a remote area of New Zealand.
Topics: Cross-Cultural Comparison; Geography; Health Policy; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research; Humans; Mental Health Services; Politics; Social Environment
PubMed: 8211286
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90364-a -
Chembiochem : a European Journal of... Mar 2022Monoterpene synthases are often promiscuous enzymes, yielding product mixtures rather than pure compounds due to the nature of the branched reaction mechanism involving...
Monoterpene synthases are often promiscuous enzymes, yielding product mixtures rather than pure compounds due to the nature of the branched reaction mechanism involving reactive carbocations. Two previously identified bacterial monoterpene synthases, a linalool synthase (bLinS) and a cineole synthase (bCinS), produce nearly pure linalool and cineole from geranyl diphosphate, respectively. We used a combined experimental and computational approach to identify critical residues involved in bacterial monoterpenoid synthesis. Phe77 is essential for bCinS activity, guiding the linear carbocation intermediate towards the formation of the cyclic α-terpinyl intermediate; removal of the aromatic ring results in variants that produce acyclic products only. Computational chemistry confirmed the importance of Phe77 in carbocation stabilisation. Phe74, Phe78 and Phe179 are involved in maintaining the active site shape in bCinS without a specific role for the aromatic ring. Phe295 in bLinS, and the equivalent Ala301 in bCinS, are essential for linalool and cineole formation, respectively. Where Phe295 places steric constraints on the carbocation intermediates, Ala301 is essential for bCinS initial cyclisation and activity. Our multidisciplinary approach gives unique insights into how carefully placed amino acid residues in the active site can direct carbocations down specific paths, by placing steric constraints or offering stabilisation via cation-π interactions.
Topics: Catalytic Domain; Cyclization; Eucalyptol
PubMed: 35005823
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100688 -
Health Promotion Practice May 2016This article provides a review of spatial analysis methods for use in health promotion and education research and practice. Spatial analysis seeks to describe or make... (Review)
Review
This article provides a review of spatial analysis methods for use in health promotion and education research and practice. Spatial analysis seeks to describe or make inference about variables with respect to the places they occur. This includes geographic differences, proximity issues, and access to resources. This is important for understanding how health outcomes differ from place to place; and in terms of understanding some of the environmental underpinnings of health outcomes data by placing it in context of geographic location. This article seeks to promote spatial analysis as a viable tool for health promotion and education research and practice. Four more commonly used spatial analysis techniques are described in-text. An illustrative example of motor vehicle collisions in a large metropolitan city is presented using these techniques. The techniques discussed are as follows: descriptive mapping, global spatial autocorrelation, cluster detection, and identification and spatial regression analysis. This article provides useful information for health promotion and education researchers and practitioners seeking to examine research questions from a spatial perspective.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Cities; Geographic Information Systems; Health Education; Health Promotion; Humans; Research Design; Spatial Analysis; Spatio-Temporal Analysis
PubMed: 26315032
DOI: 10.1177/1524839915602438 -
Journal of Interior Design Mar 2023The ubiquitous nature of technology is changing the way humans interact with interior space and redefining the third place, venues where individuals gather for...
The ubiquitous nature of technology is changing the way humans interact with interior space and redefining the third place, venues where individuals gather for socialization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the fusion of physical and virtual space led to an overlapping of the first place (home) that served as the physical host for the virtual second (work), and third (social gathering) places. Most critically, the first place (home) became a proxy for second and third place experiences as we started connecting with the outside world, albeit virtually. The goal of this study was to determine the extent that individuals relied on technology to meet their socializing needs in response to COVID-19, verify if individuals are altering their environment as a result of the pandemic and whether these changes align with physical third-place characteristics, and inform interior designers on how to intentionally design physical space in ways that include virtual experiences. The researchers employed a mixed-methods approach by gathering data from an online survey, incorporating closed-ended and open-ended questions, using two different convenience sampling approaches ( = 229), and asking participants to submit photos to support their responses. Results illustrated that during the pandemic, virtual environments integrated with the home and became a substitute for physical third places. Four themes identified the modifications in physical space that occurred because of COVID-19 as individuals accommodated the merging of their home, work, school, and social places. Insights regarding the design of successful physical spaces that embrace virtual experiences are provided.
PubMed: 37041881
DOI: 10.1111/joid.12232 -
Health Education 1981
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Child; Contraception; Female; Health Education; Humans; Pregnancy; Schools
PubMed: 6790468
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Critical Care : An... Nov 2011The start of transpyloric feedings is often delayed because of challenges in reliably placing tubes blindly at the bedside. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The start of transpyloric feedings is often delayed because of challenges in reliably placing tubes blindly at the bedside.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether tube placement with the guidance of a noninvasive computerized electromagnetic device shortens the time needed to achieve accurate placement of transpyloric feeding tubes in critically ill children.
METHODS
In a prospective, randomized trial in a tertiary-care, university-affiliated pediatric intensive care unit, 49 children requiring transpyloric feeding tube placement were randomized to have their tube placed by using conventional blind technique or with the assistance of a noninvasive electromagnetic device.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven patients were randomized to blind placement, and 22 were randomized to the electromagnetic device group. The time required to place the tubes successfully was significantly longer (P < .03) in the electromagnetic device group (median, 9.5 minutes; 95% confidence interval, 7-13 minutes) compared with the conventional placement group (median, 5 minutes; 95% confidence interval, 4.0-7.0 minutes).
CONCLUSIONS
Placement of transpyloric feeding tubes with the guidance of a noninvasive electromagnetic device significantly increases the time required for accurate placement. Because placement of transpyloric feeding tubes in critically ill children is common practice in many pediatric intensive care units, technology that delays satisfactory placement may be counterproductive in experienced hands.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Confidence Intervals; Critical Illness; Electromagnetic Fields; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Humans; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Male; Prospective Studies; Pylorus
PubMed: 22045142
DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2011221 -
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and... Aug 2012Effective 3D streamline placement and visualization play an essential role in many science and engineering disciplines. The main challenge for effective streamline...
Effective 3D streamline placement and visualization play an essential role in many science and engineering disciplines. The main challenge for effective streamline visualization lies in seed placement, i.e., where to drop seeds and how many seeds should be placed. Seeding too many or too few streamlines may not reveal flow features and patterns either because it easily leads to visual clutter in rendering or it conveys little information about the flow field. Not only does the number of streamlines placed matter, their spatial relationships also play a key role in understanding the flow field. Therefore, effective flow visualization requires the streamlines to be placed in the right place and in the right amount. This paper introduces hierarchical streamline bundles, a novel approach to simplifying and visualizing 3D flow fields defined on regular grids. By placing seeds and generating streamlines according to flow saliency, we produce a set of streamlines that captures important flow features near critical points without enforcing the dense seeding condition. We group spatially neighboring and geometrically similar streamlines to construct a hierarchy from which we extract streamline bundles at different levels of detail. Streamline bundles highlight multiscale flow features and patterns through clustered yet not cluttered display. This selective visualization strategy effectively reduces visual clutter while accentuating visual foci, and therefore is able to convey the desired insight into the flow data.
PubMed: 21931177
DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2011.155 -
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 1976The stimuli acting upon the choice of shelter and resting place by the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.) were analysed. The places of preference in different types...
The stimuli acting upon the choice of shelter and resting place by the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.) were analysed. The places of preference in different types of terraria as well as the choice of tubes of different diameter and of various light conditions were investigated. Acheta domesticus avoids open and illuminated space in its choice of resting place. It prefers dark places, enclosed by walls, like a clefts or boxes. The influence of the conditions of environment configuration at the larval period of the crickets' development upon their subsequent preference as to rest place, has not been stated. Neither was this influence observed on their behavioural reactions as connected with the former. Crickets attain their ethological praeferendum of resting site owing to their innate photo- and thigmo-kinesis which are supplemented by hygrophilia and thermophilia. The influence of the group effect on the cricket's individual rate of development was confirmed.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Insecta; Nesting Behavior
PubMed: 1007977
DOI: No ID Found -
Cognitive Science Jul 2013Despite their importance in public discourse, numbers in the range of 1 million to 1 trillion are notoriously difficult to understand. We examine magnitude estimation...
Despite their importance in public discourse, numbers in the range of 1 million to 1 trillion are notoriously difficult to understand. We examine magnitude estimation by adult Americans when placing large numbers on a number line and when qualitatively evaluating descriptions of imaginary geopolitical scenarios. Prior theoretical conceptions predict a log-to-linear shift: People will either place numbers linearly or will place numbers according to a compressive logarithmic or power-shaped function (Barth & Paladino, ; Siegler & Opfer, ). While about half of people did estimate numbers linearly over this range, nearly all the remaining participants placed 1 million approximately halfway between 1 thousand and 1 billion, but placed numbers linearly across each half, as though they believed that the number words "thousand, million, billion, trillion" constitute a uniformly spaced count list. Participants in this group also tended to be optimistic in evaluations of largely ineffective political strategies, relative to linear number-line placers. The results indicate that the surface structure of number words can heavily influence processes for dealing with numbers in this range, and it can amplify the possibility that analogous surface regularities are partially responsible for parallel phenomena in children. In addition, these results have direct implications for lawmakers and scientists hoping to communicate effectively with the public.
Topics: Adult; Cognition; Humans; Judgment; Mathematics
PubMed: 23819823
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12028