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Anesthesia Progress 1973
Topics: Placebos
PubMed: 4513855
DOI: No ID Found -
JAMA Jan 1980
Topics: Ethics, Medical; Humans; Placebos
PubMed: 7350363
DOI: No ID Found -
JAMA Jan 1980
Topics: Ethics, Medical; Humans; Placebos
PubMed: 7350364
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jul 2005
Topics: Child; Humans; Mental Disorders; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 15968223
DOI: 10.1097/01.chi.0000162578.07277.9f -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Jun 2011Placebo analgesic effects appear to be related to patients' perception of the therapeutic intervention. In this paper, we review quantitative findings of how the... (Review)
Review
Placebo analgesic effects appear to be related to patients' perception of the therapeutic intervention. In this paper, we review quantitative findings of how the relationship with the physician and the verbal suggestions given for relief may influence patients' perception of a treatment and how patients' expectations and emotional feelings may affect treatment outcome. We also present qualitative data from interviews with patients who have experienced pain relief following a placebo or an active treatment. A special focus is given to the temporal development of placebo analgesia at psychological and neurophysiological levels. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the quantitative and qualitative findings supplement or contrast with each other, and we touch upon possible implications of patients' direct experience as central for placebo analgesia.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Humans; Pain Management; Placebo Effect; Placebos
PubMed: 21576149
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0402 -
The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Feb 2015In a recent article in this Journal, Shlomo Cohen and Haim Shapiro (2013) introduce the concept of "comparable placebo treatments" (CPTs)--placebo treatments with...
In a recent article in this Journal, Shlomo Cohen and Haim Shapiro (2013) introduce the concept of "comparable placebo treatments" (CPTs)--placebo treatments with biological effects similar to the drugs they replace--and argue that doctors are not being deceptive when they prescribe or administer CPTs without revealing that they are placebos. We critique two of Cohen and Shapiro's primary arguments. First, Cohen and Shapiro argue that offering undisclosed placebos is not lying to the patient, but rather is making a self-fulfilling prophecy--telling a "lie" that, ideally, will become true. We argue that offering undisclosed placebos is not a "lie" but is a straightforward case of deceptively misleading the patient. Second, Cohen and Shapiro argue that offering undisclosed CPTs is not equivocation. We argue that it typically is equivocation or deception of another sort. If justifiable, undisclosed placebo use will have to be justified as a practice that is deceptive in most instances.
Topics: Deception; Ethics, Medical; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Paternalism; Philosophy, Medical; Placebos
PubMed: 25503605
DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhu043 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy 1981
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Humans; Placebos
PubMed: 7271692
DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(81)90040-1 -
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Jul 2017Scarce studies analyzing adverse event (AE) data from randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (RPCCTs) of selected illnesses suggested that a substantial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Scarce studies analyzing adverse event (AE) data from randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (RPCCTs) of selected illnesses suggested that a substantial proportion of collected AEs are unrelated to the drug taken. This study analyzed the nonspecific AEs occurring with active-drug exposure in RPCCTs for a large range of medical conditions.
METHODS
Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials published in five prominent medical journals during 2006-2012 were searched. Only trials that evaluated orally or parenterally administered active drugs versus placebo in a head-to-head setting were selected. For AEs reported from ≥10 RPCCTs, Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to determine the relationship between AE rates in placebo and active-drug recipients. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to compute proportions of nonspecific AEs, which were truncated at a maximum of 100%, in active-drug recipients.
RESULTS
We included 231 trials addressing various medical domains or healthy participants. For the 88 analyzed AE variables, AE rates for placebo and active-drug recipients were in general strongly correlated (r > 0.50) or very strongly correlated (r > 0.80). The pooled proportions of nonspecific AEs for the active-drug recipients were 96.8% (95%CI: 95.5-98.1) for any AEs, 100% (97.9-100) for serious AEs, and 77.7% (72.7-83.2) for drug-related AEs. Results were similar for individual medical domains and healthy participants. The pooled proportion of nonspecificity of 82 system organ class and individual AE types ranged from 38% to 100%.
CONCLUSION
The large proportion of nonspecific AEs reported in active-drug recipients of RPCCTs, including serious and drug-related AEs, highlights the limitations of clinical trial data to determine the tolerability of drugs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Placebos; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28176407
DOI: 10.1002/pds.4169 -
Praxis Nov 2002Placebo is a provoking factor in medicine that is discussed controversially and not fully understood so far. From the scientific point of view and according to... (Review)
Review
Placebo is a provoking factor in medicine that is discussed controversially and not fully understood so far. From the scientific point of view and according to evidence-based medicine a proved indication to prescribe a placebo does not exist. Therapy of pain may be an exclusion. In our daily work we consciously use the placebo-effect, but on the other hand we are committed to the placebo-phenomenon. This article gives an overview of various aspects of placebo. The currently supported theory about the placebo response, conditioning and expectancy, are discussed. Further, the side effects (nocebo-phenomenon) and the utility of placebo in randomised clinical trials is highlighted.
Topics: Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Placebos; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research
PubMed: 12476605
DOI: 10.1024/0369-8394.91.46.1986 -
American Heart Journal Dec 1996The effect of placebo on the clinical course of systemic hypertension, angina pectoris, silent myocardial ischemia, CHF, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias has been well... (Review)
Review
The effect of placebo on the clinical course of systemic hypertension, angina pectoris, silent myocardial ischemia, CHF, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias has been well described. In the prevention of myocardial infarction, there appears to be a direct relation between compliance with placebo treatment and favorable clinical outcomes. The safety of short-term placebo-controlled trials has now been well documented in studies of drug treatment of angina pectoris. Although the ethical basis of performing placebo-controlled trials continues to be challenged in the evaluation of drugs for treating cardiovascular disease, as long as a life-saving treatment is not being denied it remains prudent to perform placebo-controlled studies for obtaining scientific information.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 8969573
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(96)90465-2