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La Revue Du Praticien May 2019
Review
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Placebo Effect
PubMed: 31626456
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical... 1996To analyse the role of the control group in the methodology of clinical placebo effect evaluating trials. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the role of the control group in the methodology of clinical placebo effect evaluating trials.
SETTING
Department of Medical Philosophy and Clinical Theory, University of Copenhagen.
METHODS
A theoretical methodological analysis.
RESULTS
At least with present trial designs, it is impossible, with certainty, to exclude a potential placebo effect from the so-called control group. The placebo effect, in other words, is uncontrollable.
CONCLUSION
I suggest that the notions of control group and placebo treatment group are replaced by the notions of "placebo effect maximising group" and "placebo effect minimising group", thus stressing the fact that what such trials measure is a relative effect, and an underestimation of the absolute placebo effect. The illusion of absolute placebo effect evaluation must be acknowledged when articles referring to empirical trials on the placebo effect are interpreted.
Topics: Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 8839653
DOI: 10.1007/s002280050120 -
Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) May 2015What we believe we will experience from a treatment--our expectation--has a substantial impact on what we actually experience. Expectation has been established as a key... (Review)
Review
What we believe we will experience from a treatment--our expectation--has a substantial impact on what we actually experience. Expectation has been established as a key process behind the placebo effect. Studies in both laboratory and clinical settings consistently show that when people ingest a pharmacologically inert substance (placebo) but believe that it is an active substance, they experience both the subjective sensations and physiologic effects expected from that active substance. Expectation has an important place in the response to "real" treatment as well. This paper provides an overview of the data which point to the role of expectation in both the placebo effect and the response to treatment. These data suggest that clinicians might enhance the benefit of all treatments by promoting patients' positive expectations.
Topics: Attitude; Humans; Personality Tests; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25938400
DOI: No ID Found -
Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises Nov 2005The word placebo appeared for the first time in an English medical dictionary in 1785. In French, it appeared much latter in 1958. This word defines an experimental tool... (Review)
Review
The word placebo appeared for the first time in an English medical dictionary in 1785. In French, it appeared much latter in 1958. This word defines an experimental tool used for rigourous evaluation of a specific effect of pharmacological treatment and the non specific effect of any therapy. The placebo effect is the strictly psychological or psychophysiological effect of a placebo. The two principal components of placebo effect as a pain killer, which has been extensively studied in this field, are positive expectancies of both the patient and the physician. Although the mechanisms of action of placebo effect are not well understood, results of several recent works are particularly interesting.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacology; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Research Design; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 16292233
DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(05)82309-0 -
The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Jun 2021This article presents and defends an integrated view of the placebo effect, termed "affective-meaning-making" model, which draws from theoretical reflection, clinical...
This article presents and defends an integrated view of the placebo effect, termed "affective-meaning-making" model, which draws from theoretical reflection, clinical outcomes, and neurophysiological findings. We consider the theoretical limitations of those proposals associated with the "meaning view" on the placebo effect which (a) leave the general aspects of meaning unspecified, (b) fail to analyze fully the role of emotions and affect, and (c) establish no clear connection between the theoretical, physiological, and psychological aspects of the effect. We point out that a promising way to overcome these limitations is given by grounding the placebo effect on Peirce's theory of meaning, in which the role of the meaning constitution and change is placed in logical and objective structures. We also show the connection between our theoretical proposal and the appraisal theory and integrate it with emotion regulation.
Topics: Emotions; Humans; Placebo Effect
PubMed: 34106280
DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhab002 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) 2006
Topics: Humans; Placebo Effect; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 17080884
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.6-5-433 -
Harefuah Mar 2017Any medical treatment, whether it be medication, behavioral therapy or medical procedure, can affect the patient in a very complex way. Each of these forms of medical... (Review)
Review
Any medical treatment, whether it be medication, behavioral therapy or medical procedure, can affect the patient in a very complex way. Each of these forms of medical treatment have both psychobiological and physiological effects on the patient, with interactions between those levels. When considering the specific efficacy of a new treatment, there is therefore a need to neutralize the psychobiological effect by comparing the effect of the treatment to the effect of a placebo - a treatment involving similar characteristics which does not produce that physiological effect. We may term the non-specific effect (the psychobiological effect) the 'placebo effect'. However, the placebo effect itself involves physiological elements, elements of which our understanding has improved greatly in recent years. In this review we will discuss the neurobiological aspects of the placebo effect. We now know that the influence of the placebo effect on medical treatment and on the interaction between therapist and patient is enormous and may contribute up to 50% of the treatment's effect, making it very important for every therapist to become aware of these aspects.
Topics: Humans; Placebo Effect
PubMed: 28551941
DOI: No ID Found -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2016Placebos have long been considered a nuisance in clinical research, for they have always been used as comparators for the validation of new treatments. By contrast,... (Review)
Review
Placebos have long been considered a nuisance in clinical research, for they have always been used as comparators for the validation of new treatments. By contrast, today they represent an active field of research, and, due to the involvement of many mechanisms, the study of the placebo effect can actually be viewed as a melting pot of concepts and ideas for neuroscience. There is not a single placebo effect, but many, with different mechanisms across different medical conditions and therapeutic interventions. Expectation, anxiety, and reward are all involved, as well as a variety of learning phenomena and genetic variants. The most productive models to better understand the neurobiology of the placebo effect are pain and Parkinson's disease. In these medical conditions, several neurotransmitters have been identified, such as endogenous opioids, cholecystokinin, dopamine, as well as lipidic mediators, for example, endocannabinoids and prostaglandins. Since the placebo effect is basically a psychosocial context effect, these data indicate that different social stimuli, such as words and therapeutic rituals, may change the chemistry of the patient's brain, and these effects are similar to those induced by drugs.
Topics: Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Nocebo Effect; Placebo Effect; Psychophysiologic Disorders
PubMed: 27719874
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00048-5 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... May 2021Vgontzas AN, Puzino K, Fernandez-Mendoza J. Response to: Real effect vs placebo effect. 2021;17(5):1143–1144.
Vgontzas AN, Puzino K, Fernandez-Mendoza J. Response to: Real effect vs placebo effect. 2021;17(5):1143–1144.
Topics: Double-Blind Method; Humans; Placebo Effect
PubMed: 33560209
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9130 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) 2003
Topics: Humans; Placebo Effect; Practice Patterns, Physicians'
PubMed: 14601932
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.3-5-397