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Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2007The objectives were to count and identify the oil-utilizing bacteria associated with fish, and to study their hydrocarbon-degradation potential.
AIMS
The objectives were to count and identify the oil-utilizing bacteria associated with fish, and to study their hydrocarbon-degradation potential.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The standard dilution-plate method using a medium with crude oil as a sole source of carbon and energy revealed that 10 different fish sorts from the Arabian Gulf and two from fish farms accommodated millions of oil-utilizing bacteria per square centimetre of fish surface and per gram of gills and guts. According to their 16S rRNA sequences, those bacteria were affiliated to Psychrobacter, Vibrio, Planococcus, Pseudomonas and Actinobacterium. Planktonic and benthic biomass samples from the Gulf were also rich in oil-utilizing bacteria, but with different composition. All isolates could grow on n-alkanes from C(8) to C(40) and three representative aromatics as individual sole sources of carbon and energy. Quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons by gas-liquid chromatography revealed that the biomass samples of the individual bacteria could consume crude oil, n-octadecane and phenanthrene in liquid media.
CONCLUSIONS
The abundant oil-utilizing bacterial associated with fish have the potential for cleaning oily waters.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
Aquatic fauna accommodates rich consortia of oil-utilizing bacteria.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Animals; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biofilms; Colony Count, Microbial; Fishes; Hydrocarbons; Indian Ocean; Petroleum; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Psychrobacter; Seawater; Vibrio alginolyticus; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 17953689
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03454.x -
PloS One 2023The exponential increase in the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria has resulted in limiting surgical treatment options globally, potentially causing...
The exponential increase in the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria has resulted in limiting surgical treatment options globally, potentially causing biofilm-related complications, implant failure, and severe consequences. This study aims to isolate and characterize bacteria from post-surgical orthopaedic implant infections and screening for multiple antibiotic resistance. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving isolation of forty-four dominant pathogenic bacterial isolates from 16 infected implant samples from across Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Out of forty-four, 38% cocci and 61% bacilli were obtained. Approximately 90% of isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of more than 0.2. Eleven strains were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Planococcus chinensis, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The bacterial strain E. coli MB641 showed sensitivity to Polymyxin only, and was resistant to all other antibiotics used. Maximum biofilm forming ability 0.532 ± 0.06, 0.55 ± 0.01 and 0.557 ± 0.07 was observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa MB663, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MB664 and Bacillus spp. MB647 respectively after 24 hours of incubation. EPS production of bacterial strains was assessed, the polysaccharides and protein content of EPS were found to be in the range of 11-32 μg/ml and 2-10 μg/ml, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of EPS showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkyl halides, and nucleic acids. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed crystalline structure of EPS extracted from biofilm forming bacteria. These findings suggest a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in orthopaedic implant-associated surgeries, highlighting the urgent need for ongoing monitoring and microorganism testing in infected implants.
Topics: Humans; Escherichia coli; Orthopedics; Pakistan; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cross-Sectional Studies; Virulence; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 37847701
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292956 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Taking into consideration the essential contribution of farming, it is of rising importance to add knowledge regarding bacterial species occurrence in water samples...
Taking into consideration the essential contribution of farming, it is of rising importance to add knowledge regarding bacterial species occurrence in water samples from aquaculture zones from the point of view of both the organism and public health. In the present study, we investigated the bacterial community existing in water samples from six aquaculture areas in the Thermaikos gulf, northern Greece, that may provoke toxicity in aquatic organisms and humans and may indicate environmental pollution in mussel production as well as algal blooms. Bacterial species were identified molecularly by sequencing of a partial 16s rRNA segment and were analyzed phylogenetically for the confirmation of the bacterial taxonomy. The results obtained revealed the presence of four bacterial genera ( sp., sp., sp., and sp.). Members of the and genera have been isolated from highly polluted sites, bacteria have been identified in samples derived directly from plastic debris, and bacteria are in line with microcystin detection. In this context, the monitoring of the bacteria community in mussel aquaculture water samples from the Thermaikos gulf, the largest mussel cultivation area in Greece, represents an indicator of water pollution, microplastics presence, algal blooms, and toxin presence.
Topics: Animals; Cyanobacteria; Greece; Humans; Mytilus; Plastics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water; Water Pollution
PubMed: 35564680
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095285 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Protease-producing bacteria play vital roles in degrading organic matter of aquaculture system, while the knowledge of diversity and bacterial community structure of...
Protease-producing bacteria play vital roles in degrading organic matter of aquaculture system, while the knowledge of diversity and bacterial community structure of protease-producing bacteria is limited in this system, especially in the tropical region. Herein, 1,179 cultivable protease-producing bacterial strains that belonged to Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were isolated from tropical aquaculture systems, of which the most abundant genus was , followed by . The diversity and relative abundance of protease-producing bacteria in sediment were generally higher than those in water. Twenty-one genera from sediment and 16 genera from water were identified, of which dominated by in both and dominated by in water were the dominant genera. The unique genera in sediment or water accounted for tiny percentage may play important roles in the stability of community structure. Eighty isolates were clustered into four clusters (ET-1-ET-4) at 58% of similarity by ERIC-PCR (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction), which was identified as a novel branch of . Additionally, strains belonged to ET-3 and ET-4 were detected in most aquaculture ponds without outbreak of epidemics, indicating that these protease-producing bacteria may be used as potential beneficial bacteria for wastewater purification. Environmental variables played important roles in shaping protease-producing bacterial diversity and community structure in aquaculture systems. In sediment, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and salinity as the main factors positively affected the distributions of dominant genus () and unique genera ( and ), whereas temperature negatively affected that of (except ). In water, as unique genus and were negatively affected by NO -N and NO -N, respectively, whereas pH as the main factor positively affected the distribution of . These findings will lay a foundation for the development of protease-producing bacterial agents for wastewater purification and the construction of an environment-friendly tropical aquaculture model.
PubMed: 33613508
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638129 -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2020Planococcus halotolerans, recently described as a novel species with SCU63 as the type strain, is capable of thriving in up to 15% NaCl and temperatures as low as...
Planococcus halotolerans, recently described as a novel species with SCU63 as the type strain, is capable of thriving in up to 15% NaCl and temperatures as low as 0 °C. To better understand its adaptation strategies at the genomic level, strain SCU63 was subjected to whole-genome sequencing and data mining. The high-quality assembly yielded 17 scaffolds with a genome size of 3,622,698 bp. Its genome harbors 3683 protein-coding sequences and 127 RNA genes, as well as three biosynthetic gene clusters and 25 genomic islands. The phylogenomic tree provided compelling insights into the evolutionary relationships of Planococcus. Comparative genomic analysis revealed key similarities and differences in the functional gene categories among Planococcus species. Strain SCU63 was shown to have diverse stress response systems for high salt and cold habitats. Further comparison with three related species showed the presence of numerous unique gene clusters in the SCU63 genome. The strain might serve as a good model for using extremozymes in various biotechnological processes.
Topics: Acclimatization; Cold Temperature; Genomics; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; Planococcus Bacteria; Salt Tolerance; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32681430
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01979-9 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jun 2021Chlorpyriphos is one of the major organophosphorus pesticides used widely to control a range of insect pests across several crops. This insecticide is hazardous to the...
Chlorpyriphos is one of the major organophosphorus pesticides used widely to control a range of insect pests across several crops. This insecticide is hazardous to the environment and toxic to mammals, thus, it is essential to remove the same from the environment. Similarly, use of polythene is also increasing day by day. Therefore, it is highly important to identify ways to degrade chlorpyriphos and other pesticides from the environment. We studied the degradation of chlorpyriphos and polyethylene by Citrus mealybug () bacterial endosymbionts such as and . This investigation revealed that bacterial endosymbionts use the polythene as a source of carbon and solubilize them by their enzymatic machinery. The degradation of polyethylene by endosymbionts showed a significant reduction in weight of polyethylene sheet after 15, 30 and 45 days of treatment. The SEM images showed localized degradation of the polyethylene around the bacterial cells in the biofilm. Further, the tensile strength (percentage elongation) was significantly reduced after 45 days of incubation. The weight of paraffin wax showed significant reduction in . A significant reduction in total amount of chlorpyriphos in soil was observed at an interval of 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment by the bacterial isolates. Among the bacteria, and were found to be most effective. The results from this study show that endosymbionts can be significantly implicated in degrading chlorpyriphos and polyethylene from the environment.
PubMed: 34121858
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.058 -
Microbial Cell Factories Nov 2018N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are well-studied signalling molecules produced by some Gram-negative Proteobacteria for bacterial cell-to-cell communication or quorum...
BACKGROUND
N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are well-studied signalling molecules produced by some Gram-negative Proteobacteria for bacterial cell-to-cell communication or quorum sensing. We have previously demonstrated the degradation of AHLs by an Antarctic bacterium, Planococcus versutus L10.15, at low temperature through the production of an AHL lactonase. In this study, we cloned the AHL lactonase gene and characterized the purified novel enzyme.
RESULTS
Rapid resolution liquid chromatography analysis indicated that purified AidP possesses high AHL-degrading activity on unsubstituted, and 3-oxo substituted homoserine lactones. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that AidP functions as an AHL lactonase that hydrolyzes the ester bond of the homoserine lactone ring of AHLs. Multiple sequence alignment analysis and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the aidP gene encodes a novel AHL lactonase enzyme. The amino acid composition analysis of aidP and the homologous genes suggested that it might be a cold-adapted enzyme, however, the optimum temperature is 28 °C, even though the thermal stability is low (reduced drastically above 32 °C). Branch-site analysis of several aidP genes of Planococcus sp. branch on the phylogenetic trees also showed evidence of episodic positive selection of the gene in cold environments. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effects of covalent and ionic bonding, showing that Zn is important for activity of AidP in vivo. The pectinolytic inhibition assay confirmed that this enzyme attenuated the pathogenicity of the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum in Chinese cabbage.
CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that AidP is effective in attenuating the pathogenicity of P. carotovorum, a plant pathogen that causes soft-rot disease. This anti-quorum sensing agent is an enzyme with low thermal stability that degrades the bacterial signalling molecules (AHLs) that are produced by many pathogens. Since the enzyme is most active below human body temperature (below 28 °C), and lose its activity drastically above 32 °C, the results of a pectinolytic inhibition assay using Chinese cabbage indicated the potential of this anti-quorum sensing agent to be safely applied in the field trials.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Amino Acid Sequence; Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Proteins; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Models, Molecular; Pectins; Pectobacterium carotovorum; Planococcus Bacteria; Quorum Sensing; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 30445965
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1024-6 -
International Microbiology : the... Aug 2021Sabkhas in Kuwait are unique hypersaline marine environments under-explored for bacterial community composition and bioprospecting. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 46...
Sabkhas in Kuwait are unique hypersaline marine environments under-explored for bacterial community composition and bioprospecting. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 46 isolates with distinct morphology from two Kuwait sabkhas recovered 11 genera. Phylum Firmicutes dominated these isolates, and Bacillus (32.6%) was recovered as the dominant genera, followed by Halococcus (17.4%). These isolates were moderately halophilic, and some of them showed tolerance and growth at extreme levels of salt (20%), pH (5 and/or 11), and temperature (55 °C). A higher percentage of isolates harbored protease (63.0), followed by DNase (41.3), amylase (41.3), and lipase (32.6). Selected isolates showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis and isolated Halomonas shengliensis, and Idiomarina piscisalsi harbored gene coding for dNDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (Glu 1), indicating their potential to produce biomolecules with deoxysugar moieties. Palmitic acid or oleic acid was the dominant fatty acid, and seven isolates had some polyunsaturated fatty acids (linolenic or γ-linolenic acid). Interestingly, six isolates belonging to Planococcus and Oceanobacillus genus produced squalene, a bioactive isoprenoid molecule. Their content increased 30-50% in the presence of Terbinafine. The potential bioactivities and extreme growth conditions make this untapped bacterial diversity a promising candidate for future bioprospecting studies.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacillus; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Biodiversity; Bioprospecting; DNA, Bacterial; Enzymes; Fatty Acids; Firmicutes; Geologic Sediments; Halococcus; Kuwait; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Squalene; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 33755814
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00173-1 -
Molecular Biology Reports Jun 2019It was confirmed that several enzymes have anti-cancer activity. The enzymes L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and L-arginase were chosen according to amino acids...
It was confirmed that several enzymes have anti-cancer activity. The enzymes L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and L-arginase were chosen according to amino acids starvation in cancer cells and screened in halophilic and halotolerant bacteria, given probably less immunological reactions of halophilic or halotolerant enzymes in patients. Out of 110 halophilic and halotolerant strains, isolated from different saline environments in Iran and screened, some could produce a variety of anticancer enzymes. A total of 29, 4, and 2 strains produced L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and L-arginase, respectively. According to the phenotypic characteristics and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the positive strains-strains with the ability to produce these anticancer enzymes-were identified as the members of the genera: Bacillus, Dietzia, Halobacillus, Rhodococcus, Paenibacillus and Planococcus as Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas, Marinobacter, Halomonas, Idiomarina, Vibrio and Stappia as Gram-negative bacteria. The production of anticancer enzymes was mostly observed in the rod-shaped Gram-negative isolates, particularly in the members of the genera Halomonas and Marinobacter. Most of the enzymes were produced in the stationary phase of growth and the maximum enzyme activity was experienced in strain GBPx3 (Vibrio sp.) for L-asparaginase at 1.0 IU/ml, strain RS (Rhodococcus sp.) for L-glutaminase at 0.6 IU/ml and strain GAAy3 (Planococcus sp.) for L-arginase at 3.1 IU/ml. The optimum temperature and pH for L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase activities in selected strains were similar to the physiological conditions of human body and the enzymes could tolerate NaCl up to 7.5% concentration.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Halobacteriales; Iran; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saline Solution; Salt Tolerance; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 30993582
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04787-7 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Apr 2015Strain NEAU-ST10-9(T) is a moderately halophilic, coccoid and non-motile bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soils in the Dechang Township, Zhaodong City, China....
Strain NEAU-ST10-9(T) is a moderately halophilic, coccoid and non-motile bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soils in the Dechang Township, Zhaodong City, China. The bacterium was found to be aerobic and Gram-stain positive. It forms orange colonies and grows at NaCl concentrations of 2-10 % (w/v) (optimum, 4 % w/v), at 4-50 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belongs to the genus Planococcus within the family Planococcaceae. The most closely related species was Planococcus maritimus, whose type strain (TF-9(T)) showed gene sequence similarities of 99.1 % for 16S rRNA, 83.7 % for gyrB and 87.0 % for rpoB with those of strain NEAU-ST10-9(T), respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain NEAU-ST10-9(T) and type strains P. maritimus DSM 17275(T) , P. rifietoensis DSM 15069(T) , P. plakortidis DSM 23997(T), P. citreus DSM 20549(T), P. maitriensis DSM 15305(T), P. salinarum KCTC 13584(T) and P. columbae DSM 17517(T) were from 55 ± 1 to 32 ± 2 %. The DNA G+C content was found to be 45.2 mol %. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were determined as C15:0 anteiso, C16:1 ω7c alcohol, C17:1 ω9c and C17:0 anteiso. The major menaquinones of strain NEAU-ST10-9(T) were identified as MK-7 and MK-8. The polar lipids were found to contain of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphocholine and two unknown lipids. The genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analysis indicated that strain NEAU-ST10-9(T) represents a novel species of the genus Planococcus, for which we proposed the name Planococcus dechangensis sp. nov. The type strain is NEAU-ST10-9(T) (=CGMCC 1.12151(T)=DSM 25871(T)).
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Cities; Cluster Analysis; Cytosol; DNA Gyrase; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Fatty Acids; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Locomotion; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Soil Microbiology; Temperature; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 25652338
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0399-1