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Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Sep 2014We provide a conceptual framework for the interactions between the cellular redox signaling hub and the phytohormone signaling network that controls plant growth and... (Review)
Review
SIGNIFICANCE
We provide a conceptual framework for the interactions between the cellular redox signaling hub and the phytohormone signaling network that controls plant growth and development to maximize plant productivity under stress-free situations, while limiting growth and altering development on exposure to stress.
RECENT ADVANCES
Enhanced cellular oxidation plays a key role in the regulation of plant growth and stress responses. Oxidative signals or cycles of oxidation and reduction are crucial for the alleviation of dormancy and quiescence, activating the cell cycle and triggering genetic and epigenetic control that underpin growth and differentiation responses to changing environmental conditions.
CRITICAL ISSUES
The redox signaling hub interfaces directly with the phytohormone network in the synergistic control of growth and its modulation in response to environmental stress, but a few components have been identified. Accumulating evidence points to a complex interplay of phytohormone and redox controls that operate at multiple levels. For simplicity, we focus here on redox-dependent processes that control root growth and development and bud burst.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
The multiple roles of reactive oxygen species in the control of plant growth and development have been identified, but increasing emphasis should now be placed on the functions of redox-regulated proteins, along with the central roles of reductants such as NAD(P)H, thioredoxins, glutathione, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, ascorbate, and reduced ferredoxin in the regulation of the genetic and epigenetic factors that modulate the growth and vigor of crop plants, particularly within an agricultural context.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Glutaredoxins; Glutathione; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxiredoxins; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Thioredoxins
PubMed: 24180689
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5665 -
Annual Review of Plant Biology May 2023The establishment, maintenance, and removal of epigenetic modifications provide an additional layer of regulation, beyond genetically encoded factors, by which plants... (Review)
Review
The establishment, maintenance, and removal of epigenetic modifications provide an additional layer of regulation, beyond genetically encoded factors, by which plants can control developmental processes and adapt to the environment. Epigenetic inheritance, while historically referring to information not encoded in the DNA sequence that is inherited between generations, can also refer to epigenetic modifications that are maintained within an individual but are reset between generations. Both types of epigenetic inheritance occur in plants, and the functions and mechanisms distinguishing the two are of great interest to the field. Here, we discuss examples of epigenetic dynamics and maintenance during selected stages of growth and development and their functional consequences. Epigenetic states are also dynamic in response to stress, with consequences for transposable element regulation. How epigenetic resetting between generations occurs during normal development and in response to stress is an emerging area of research.
Topics: Epigenesis, Genetic; DNA Methylation; Epigenetic Memory; Heredity; Plants; Plant Development
PubMed: 36854474
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070122-025047 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Sep 2016
Topics: Developmental Biology; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 27624825
DOI: 10.1242/dev.143594 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Feb 2018Plant oil in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) is a major storage compound used as food, feed and sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. Recent findings suggest... (Review)
Review
Plant oil in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) is a major storage compound used as food, feed and sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. Recent findings suggest that TAGs are more than a carbon and energy reserve in seeds and other storage tissues. In vegetative tissues, TAG metabolism is involved in cell division and expansion, stomatal opening, and membrane lipid remodeling. Moreover, in reproductive tissues, TAGs are important for both organ formation and successful pollination. Here we provide a brief overview of the physiological function and contribution of TAGs during plant development under optimal and varying environmental conditions. These roles of TAGs need to be considered during engineering attempts to further improve TAG content in different tissues.
Topics: Biotechnology; Cell Division; Fatty Acids; Germination; Plant Development; Plant Oils; Plants; Triglycerides
PubMed: 28987914
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.09.003 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Feb 2022
Topics: Climate; Malus; Plant Development
PubMed: 35152943
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102175 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2018DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification required for transposable element (TE) silencing, genome stability, and genomic imprinting. Although DNA methylation has... (Review)
Review
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification required for transposable element (TE) silencing, genome stability, and genomic imprinting. Although DNA methylation has been intensively studied, the dynamic nature of methylation among different species has just begun to be understood. Here we summarize the recent progress in research on the wide variation of DNA methylation in different plants, organs, tissues, and cells; dynamic changes of methylation are also reported during plant growth and development as well as changes in response to environmental stresses. Overall DNA methylation is quite diverse among species, and it occurs in CG, CHG, and CHH (H = A, C, or T) contexts of genes and TEs in angiosperms. Moderately expressed genes are most likely methylated in gene bodies. Methylation levels decrease significantly just upstream of the transcription start site and around transcription termination sites; its levels in the promoter are inversely correlated with the expression of some genes in plants. Methylation can be altered by different environmental stimuli such as pathogens and abiotic stresses. It is likely that methylation existed in the common eukaryotic ancestor before fungi, plants and animals diverged during evolution. In summary, DNA methylation patterns in angiosperms are complex, dynamic, and an integral part of genome diversity after millions of years of evolution.
Topics: DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Development
PubMed: 30041459
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072144 -
Environmental F actors coordinate circadian clock function and rhythm to regulate plant development.Plant Signaling & Behavior Dec 2023Changes in the external environment necessitate plant growth plasticity, with environmental signals such as light, temperature, and humidity regulating growth and... (Review)
Review
Changes in the external environment necessitate plant growth plasticity, with environmental signals such as light, temperature, and humidity regulating growth and development. The plant circadian clock is a biological time keeper that can be "reset" to adjust internal time to changes in the external environment. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms behind plant acclimation to environmental factors is important for understanding how plant growth and development are shaped and for boosting agricultural production. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the coordinated regulation of plant growth and development by environmental signals and the circadian clock, further discussing the potential of this knowledge.
Topics: Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Plants; Plant Development; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37481743
DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2231202 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Oct 2021RNA modifications constitute an essential layer of gene regulation in living organisms. As the most prevalent internal modification on eukaryotic mRNAs,... (Review)
Review
RNA modifications constitute an essential layer of gene regulation in living organisms. As the most prevalent internal modification on eukaryotic mRNAs, N-methyladenosine (mA) exists in many plant species and requires the evolutionarily conserved methyltransferases, demethylases, and mA binding proteins for writing, erasing, and reading mA, respectively. In plants, mA affects many aspects of mRNA metabolism, including alternative polyadenylation, secondary structure, translation, and decay, which underlies various plant developmental processes and stress responses. Here, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the roles of mA modification in mRNA metabolism and their mechanistic link with plant development and stress responses. We also highlight some outstanding questions and provide an outlook on future prospects of mA research in plants.
Topics: Adenosine; Methyltransferases; Plant Development; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 33965696
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102047 -
Developmental Cell Jul 2020Membrane lipids are often viewed as passive building blocks of the endomembrane system. However, mounting evidence suggests that sphingolipids, sterols, and... (Review)
Review
Membrane lipids are often viewed as passive building blocks of the endomembrane system. However, mounting evidence suggests that sphingolipids, sterols, and phospholipids are specifically targeted by developmental pathways, notably hormones, in a cell- or tissue-specific manner to regulate plant growth and development. Targeted modifications of lipid homeostasis may act as a way to execute a defined developmental program, for example, by regulating other signaling pathways or participating in cell differentiation. Furthermore, these regulations often feed back on the very signaling pathway that initiates the lipid metabolic changes. Here, we review several recent examples highlighting the intricate feedbacks between membrane lipid homeostasis and plant development. In particular, these examples illustrate how all aspects of membrane lipid metabolic pathways are targeted by these feedback regulations. We propose that the time has come to consider membrane lipids and lipid metabolism as an integral part of the developmental program needed to build a plant.
Topics: Feedback; Homeostasis; Lipid Metabolism; Membrane Lipids; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Plant Development
PubMed: 32502395
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.005 -
Trends in Plant Science Aug 2015Many aspects of development in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana involve regulated distribution of the hormone auxin by the PIN-FORMED (PIN) family of auxin efflux... (Review)
Review
Many aspects of development in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana involve regulated distribution of the hormone auxin by the PIN-FORMED (PIN) family of auxin efflux carriers. The role of PIN-mediated auxin transport in other plants is not well understood, but studies in a wider range of species have begun to illuminate developmental mechanisms across land plants. In this review, I discuss recent progress in understanding the evolution of PIN-mediated auxin transport, and its role in development across the green plant lineage. I also discuss the idea that changes in auxin biology led to morphological novelty in plant development: currently available evidence suggests major innovations in auxin transport are rare and not associated with the evolution of new developmental mechanisms.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Membrane Transport Proteins; Plant Development; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 26051227
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.05.005