-
Current Biology : CB Aug 2019Live imaging, genetics, and computational modeling reveal how simple versus compound leaves are formed. Cross-species differences in leaf-wide growth determine the...
Live imaging, genetics, and computational modeling reveal how simple versus compound leaves are formed. Cross-species differences in leaf-wide growth determine the outcome of a locally-acting patterning process.
Topics: Plant Development; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 31430479
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.068 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Plasmodesmata are plant intercellular channels that mediate the transport of small and large molecules including RNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that regulate plant... (Review)
Review
Plasmodesmata are plant intercellular channels that mediate the transport of small and large molecules including RNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that regulate plant development. In this review, we present current research on plasmodesmata form and function and discuss the main regulatory pathways. We show the progress made in the development of approaches and tools to dissect the plasmodesmata proteome in diverse plant species and discuss future perspectives and challenges in this field of research.
Topics: Cell Communication; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plasmodesmata; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35349130
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_1 -
Plant Physiology May 2021Oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been co-opted during evolution into the regulation of plant growth, development, and differentiation. ROS and oxidative... (Review)
Review
Oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been co-opted during evolution into the regulation of plant growth, development, and differentiation. ROS and oxidative signals arising from metabolism or phytohormone-mediated processes control almost every aspect of plant development from seed and bud dormancy, liberation of meristematic cells from the quiescent state, root and shoot growth, and architecture, to flowering and seed production. Moreover, the phytochrome and phytohormone-dependent transmissions of ROS waves are central to the systemic whole plant signaling pathways that integrate root and shoot growth. The sensing of oxygen availability through the PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6) N-degron pathway functions alongside ROS production and signaling but how these pathways interact in developing organs remains poorly understood. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the nature of hydrogen peroxide sensors and the role of thiol-dependent signaling networks in the transmission of ROS signals. Reduction/oxidation (redox) changes in the glutathione (GSH) pool, glutaredoxins (GRXs), and thioredoxins (TRXs) are important in the control of growth mediated by phytohormone pathways. Although, it is clear that the redox states of proteins involved in plant growth and development are controlled by the NAD(P)H thioredoxin reductase (NTR)/TRX and reduced GSH/GRX systems of the cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nucleus, we have only scratched the surface of this multilayered control and how redox-regulated processes interact with other cell signaling systems.
Topics: Oxygen; Plant Development; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 33793863
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa077 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Jan 2021
Topics: Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32928637
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.002 -
Current Opinion in Genetics &... Aug 1996Several different lines of inquiry have converged on the conclusion that the number and plane of cell divisions is under tight control in plant development. At the same... (Review)
Review
Several different lines of inquiry have converged on the conclusion that the number and plane of cell divisions is under tight control in plant development. At the same time, there are new data which show that the pattern of cell division is less important in the formation of organ-scale plant patterns than was expected previously. This apparent paradox can be resolved by recognizing the role of cell-cell communication in the control of plant cell-division patterns.
Topics: Cell Division; Plant Development
PubMed: 8791526
DOI: 10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80070-0 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Mar 2013The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) regulates major aspects of plant growth and development. The role of GA in determining plant stature had major impacts on agriculture... (Review)
Review
The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) regulates major aspects of plant growth and development. The role of GA in determining plant stature had major impacts on agriculture in the 1960s, and the development of semi-dwarf varieties that show altered GA responses contributed to a huge increase in grain yields during the 'green revolution'. The past decade has brought great progress in understanding the molecular basis of GA action, with the cloning and characterization of GA signaling components. Here, we review the molecular basis of the GA signaling pathway, from the perception of GA to the regulation of downstream genes.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gibberellins; Models, Biological; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant Proteins; Plants; Proteolysis; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 23444347
DOI: 10.1242/dev.087650 -
Molecular Plant Jan 2013With the discovery of strigolactones as root exudate signals that trigger parasitic weed seed germination, and then as a branching inhibitor and plant hormone, the next... (Review)
Review
With the discovery of strigolactones as root exudate signals that trigger parasitic weed seed germination, and then as a branching inhibitor and plant hormone, the next phase of strigolactone research has quickly revealed this hormone class as a major player in optimizing plant growth and development. From the early stages of plant evolution, it seems that strigolactones were involved in enabling plants to modify growth in order to gain advantage in competition with neighboring organisms for limited resources. For example, a moss plant can alter its growth in response to strigolactones emanating from a neighbor. Within a higher plant, strigolactones appear to be involved in controlling the balance of resource distribution via strategic modification of growth and development. Most notably, higher plants that encounter phosphate deficiency increase strigolactone production, which changes root growth and promotes fungal symbiosis to enhance phosphate intake. The shoot also changes by channeling resources away from unessential leaves and branches and into the main stem and root system. This hormonal response is a key adaption that radically alters whole-plant architecture in order to optimize growth and development under diverse environmental conditions.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Lactones; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Roots; Plant Shoots
PubMed: 23155045
DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss130 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Feb 2019The formation of spatial and temporal patterns is an essential component of organismal development. Patterns can be observed on every level from subcellular to... (Review)
Review
The formation of spatial and temporal patterns is an essential component of organismal development. Patterns can be observed on every level from subcellular to organismal and may emerge from local rules that correspond to the interactions between molecules, cells, or tissues. The emergence of robust patterns may seem in contradiction with the prominent heterogeneity at subcellular and cellular scales, however it has become increasingly clear that heterogeneity can be instrumental for pattern formation. Here we review recent examples in plant development, involving genetic regulation, cell arrangement, growth and signal gradient. We discuss how patterns emerge from local rules, whether heterogeneity is stochastic or can be patterned, and whether stochastic noise is amplified or requires filtering for robust patterns to be achieved. We also stress the importance of modelling in investigating such questions.
Topics: Cell Size; Gene Regulatory Networks; Microtubules; Models, Biological; Plant Cells; Plant Development
PubMed: 30577002
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.11.002 -
Planta Sep 2018Present review addresses the advances made in the understanding of biogenesis of plant small RNAs and their role in plant development. We discuss the elaborate role of... (Review)
Review
Present review addresses the advances made in the understanding of biogenesis of plant small RNAs and their role in plant development. We discuss the elaborate role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) in various aspects of plant growth and development and highlight relevance of small RNA mobility. Small non-coding RNAs regulate various aspects of plant development. Small RNAs (sRNAs) of 21-24 nucleotide length are derived from double-stranded RNAs through the combined activity of several biogenesis and processing components. These sRNAs function by negatively regulating the expression of target genes. miRNAs and ta-siRNAs constitute two important classes of endogenous small RNAs in plants, which play important roles in plant growth and developmental processes like embryogenesis, organ formation and patterning, shoot and root growth, and reproductive development. Biogenesis of miRNAs is a multistep process which includes transcription, processing and modification, and their loading onto RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). RISC-loaded miRNAs carry out post-transcriptional silencing of their target(s). Recent studies identified orthologues of different biogenesis components of novel and conserved small RNAs from different model plants. Although many small RNAs have been identified from diverse plant species, only a handful of them have been functionally characterized. In this review, we discuss the advances made in understanding the biogenesis, functional conservation/divergence in miRNA-mediated gene regulation, and the developmental role of small RNAs in different plant species.
Topics: Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Germination; Meristem; Plant Development; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plant Shoots; Plants; RNA, Plant; RNA, Small Untranslated; Seeds
PubMed: 29968061
DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2927-5 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021Nanoparticles are an extensive class of naturally occurred or man-made objects; it has been widely using in our daily life. As increasing usage, nanoparticles are also...
Nanoparticles are an extensive class of naturally occurred or man-made objects; it has been widely using in our daily life. As increasing usage, nanoparticles are also released into the environment and are becoming an emerged environmental pollution. In the past decade, impact of nanoparticles on plant growth and development has been becoming a major research topic in the environmental toxicology. In this chapter, we introduce a step-by-step protocol for investigating the effects of nanoparticles on plant growth and development as well as biomass production. Additionally, this protocol also tests the water content and the rate of root and up-ground part to better explain the impact of nanoparticles on plant growth. This protocol adopts plant tissue culture technology to culture plants which makes test easier and can be tested anytime during the year.
Topics: Biomass; Environmental Pollutants; Germination; Nanoparticles; Plant Development; Seeds; Tissue Culture Techniques
PubMed: 34097271
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1514-0_15